英語(yǔ)四級(jí)讀美文【12】

1、Unit 12 Natural World自然世界Text 1 Western Wild GrassesLegend(傳奇故事) has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861?1865) a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming(懷俄明州) was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the

2、 next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?The answer lay in a resource that ignorant Americans had trampled(踐踏) underfoot(在腳下面) in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert

3、” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for feed was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, and then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing(放牧的) lands of the

4、 west, that familiar bluejoint(加拿大拂子茅) grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses

5、did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama(美國(guó)西部產(chǎn)的一種牧草) grass, or mesquite(牧豆樹(shù)) grass, not only were they immune to drought；but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn

6、 rains.They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle were left outdoo

7、rs to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year, for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them, much as stor

8、ing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.A cargo B Civil C convenient D cultivated E ignorant F haste G immune H familiar I barren J nourishing K skeletons L stems M survived N thrived O snowstorm 西部野草有一個(gè)傳奇故事發(fā)生在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)(1861-1865)快結(jié)束時(shí)的某一天，一輛運(yùn)輸牛的政府列車橫穿東懷俄明州的北部平原時(shí)遇到了暴風(fēng)雪，不得不被遺棄在那里。第二年春天，司機(jī)返回去看他的貨物變成了什么樣子

9、。他原先想著會(huì)看到一些牛骨架，結(jié)果不是這樣，他看到自己的牛還活著，而且膘肥體壯。它們是怎么生存下來(lái)的呢?問(wèn)題的答案是一種資源，是一種無(wú)知的美國(guó)人在他們匆忙穿過(guò)“偉大的美國(guó)荒漠”抵達(dá)那些有時(shí)被證明是貧瘠的土地時(shí)踐踏在腳下的資源。在美國(guó)的東部地區(qū)，用來(lái)放牧的首選的草是一種人工種植的植物。有充足的雨水時(shí)，它們長(zhǎng)得很好，然后割下并儲(chǔ)存，晾干后他們變成冬天里用作飼料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的干草。但在西部干旱的牧區(qū)，那種常見(jiàn)的加拿大佛子茅草常常會(huì)旱死。在那里養(yǎng)牛似乎很冒險(xiǎn)甚至是毫無(wú)希望的。誰(shuí)能想象一種小草，它不需要雨水，而且莫名其妙地使牛群在整個(gè)冬天能夠以之為食?恐怕童話中才有。但令人稱奇的西部野草確實(shí)做到了。它們極

10、其合宜的特性使得它們比東部種植的草生命力更強(qiáng)。這些草有不同的叫法，比如野牛草，格蘭馬草或者是牧豆樹(shù)草，它們不僅不受干旱的影響，實(shí)際上反而由于夏秋雨水的缺乏而得到保護(hù)。不像東部種植的草那樣多汁，它們的莖短而且硬。它們不需要在畜棚里晾干，而是就在它們生長(zhǎng)的地面上干縮。當(dāng)它們這樣變干的時(shí)候，整個(gè)冬天里都保留著自然的芳香和營(yíng)養(yǎng)。那些被留在野外自尋生路的牛就靠這些干草茁壯成長(zhǎng)。而這些牛自身也年復(fù)一年地幫助種植新草，因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒁吧姆N子堅(jiān)實(shí)地踏入土里，使其得以被冬天融化的雪或偶爾會(huì)有的春雨澆灌。與儲(chǔ)藏在畜棚里晾干的種植的草幾乎一樣，夏天干燥的空氣也會(huì)使它們變干。難 句 解 析1. Legend(傳奇故事)

11、 has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861?1865) a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming(懷俄明州) was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned.【分析】復(fù)合句。Legend has it that. 為固定句型，that 后 的成分為 legend 的同位語(yǔ)。從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 a government train was

12、 caught. and had to be.。sometime . War 作從句的狀語(yǔ)，carrying oxen 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。2. The answer lay in a resource that ignorant Americans had trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren.【分析】多重復(fù)合句。第一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a resource, 第二個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的

13、定語(yǔ)從句修飾 lands。3. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year, for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring.【分析】復(fù)合句。for they trampled.the soil 是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，to be watered by.rains of spring

14、 是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 the soil。下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)紅的高頻詞#09#09高頻詞匯civil* / 9sIvl，9sIvIl/ a. 公民(間)的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；民用的；文明的，有教養(yǎng)的【聯(lián)想】講文明(civil)就不能像惡魔(devil)似的那么邪惡(evil)【搭配】civil riot 民眾的騷亂；a civil court 民事法庭；civil war 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)【活用例句】Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes.盡管如此，土木工程師們并沒(méi)有滿足于所取得的成功。snowstorm

15、 /9sn5UstO:m/ n. 暴雪，暴風(fēng)雪【引申】同根snowball n. 雪球 v. 像雪球般迅速增大；snowman n. 雪人【活用例句】All flights having been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雪取消了所有航班，許多旅客不得不改乘火車。cargo / 9kA:g5U/ n. (船、飛機(jī)等裝載的)貨物【聯(lián)想】car(汽車) go(走)載在汽車上被運(yùn)走的東西貨物【搭配】a cargo ship貨船；transpo

16、rt the cargo運(yùn)輸貨物；unload the cargo卸貨【活用例句】The tanker began to spill its cargo of oil.油輪開(kāi)始漏油。skeleton /9skelItn/ n. 骨骼；框架；梗概，提要【諧音】“skin 里頭”皮膚里頭是骨骼【搭配】a dinosaur skeleton 恐龍骨架；the skeleton of the argument 論點(diǎn)【活用例句】She told me about the skeleton of her new novel.她把自己一部新小說(shuō)的梗概對(duì)我講了一遍。survive* /s59vaIv/ vi.

17、 活下來(lái)，幸存，繼續(xù)存在#09 vt. 比活得長(zhǎng)；從(困境等)中挺過(guò)來(lái)【詞根】sur(在下面) viv(生命) e 在廢墟下面活下來(lái)幸存【搭配】survive the war / accident在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(事故)中幸存；survive in the intense competition 在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存；survive from. 從中逃生【引申】同根survival n. 幸存，幸存者survivor n. 幸存者【活用例句】Although she was 5 years older than her husband, she survived him 10 years. 雖然她比丈夫大

18、5歲，但她比他多活了 10 年。ignorant* /9IgnFr5nt/ a. 不知道的；無(wú)知的，愚昧的【詞根】來(lái)自 ignor(e)(不理，忽視) ant(的)不知道的【搭配】an ignorant person 無(wú)知的人；be ignorant about modern technology 對(duì)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)一無(wú)所知【活用例句】Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an excuse for breaking the law. 對(duì)法律的無(wú)知不可以作為違反法律的借口。反義learned /9l(ae):nId/ a. 有學(xué)問(wèn)的，博學(xué)的；通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)

19、(或經(jīng)驗(yàn)等)獲得的【搭配】the learned profession 需要學(xué)問(wèn)的職業(yè)；the learned professor 知識(shí)淵博的教授【引申】同根learn v. 學(xué)習(xí)；(of)了解learning n. 知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)，學(xué)習(xí)：a man of learning 學(xué)問(wèn)高深的人反義ignorant a. 無(wú)知的，愚昧的innocent a. 無(wú)辜的，天真的，無(wú)知的【活用例句】The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.人愈有學(xué)問(wèn)，往往愈是謙虛。haste /heIst/ n. 急速，急忙【聯(lián)想】急速(haste)把布告

20、貼(paste)出去【提示】注意與hurry的搭配區(qū)別：in haste=in a hurry急忙地；Make haste!= Hurry up!趕快!【寫作例句】Haste makes waste. Youve got to do it step by step.欲速則不達(dá)。你得一步一步地干。barren /9br5n/ a. (土地等)貧瘠的；不結(jié)果實(shí)的，不(生)育的；無(wú)益的，沒(méi)有結(jié)果的【諧音】“巴人”巴山蜀水貧瘠的【活用例句】Within ten years they have tamed the barren hill into green woods.十年時(shí)間，他們把荒山變成了綠林。

21、反義fertile /9f(ae):taIl/ a. 肥沃的；多產(chǎn)的，豐產(chǎn)的；(想象力或創(chuàng)造力) 豐富的【詞根】fer(運(yùn)載) tile(的)能運(yùn)載很多的多產(chǎn)的【搭配】the product of a fertile imagination 想象力豐富的產(chǎn)物；a fertile valley 肥沃的流域【活用例句】The region at that time was a fertile ground for revolutionary movement. 當(dāng)時(shí)該地區(qū)是革命運(yùn)動(dòng)的沃土。cultivated /9k(f6)ltIveItId/ a. 有修養(yǎng)的，文雅的；耕種的【引申】同根culti

22、vation n. 培養(yǎng)，教養(yǎng)；耕作【活用例句】Being gentle and cultivated is often a scholars attitude.溫文爾雅正是學(xué)者的態(tài)度。nourish /9n(f6)rIS/ vt. 滋養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育；供給，助長(zhǎng)【聯(lián)想】n our(我們的) ish(使)我們養(yǎng)育自己的子女養(yǎng)育，喂養(yǎng)【搭配】nourish the talents of the children 培養(yǎng)孩子的才能；nourishing food 滋補(bǔ)食品【活用例句】Most plants are nourished by water drawn up through their ro

23、ots.大多數(shù)植物是靠根部吸收水分得以生長(zhǎng)的。familiar* /f59mIlj5(r)/ a. 熟悉的，通曉的；冒昧的，放肆的；隨便的，不拘禮節(jié)的【聯(lián)想】famili(i的y變體，family家庭)ar(的)家庭成員之間當(dāng)然是熟悉的【提示】注意所接介詞：be familiar to sb是某人所熟悉的；be / get familiar with sth對(duì)某事了解?！韭?tīng)力例句】Gone are the nine-to-five jobs, lifetime security, predictable promotions, and even the conventional workpla

24、ce, as you are familiar with.將要失去的是你所熟悉的朝九晚五的工作、終生的安全感、可預(yù)知的升遷和常規(guī)的工作環(huán)境。08.6 convenient* /k5n9vi:nj5nt/ a. 省力的，方便的；近處的，近便的【搭配】a convenient time to receive guests 接待客人的適宜時(shí)機(jī)；be convenient for the shops 離商店很近；be convenient for sb 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很方便【引申】同根convenience n. 方便，合宜同義handy a. 方便的；近便的nearby a. 附近的【活用例句】Is i

25、t convenient that I meet you in your office at noon today?今天中午和你在你辦公室見(jiàn)面方便嗎?immune* /I9mju:n/ a. 免疫的，有免疫力的；不受影響的；豁免的【詞根】im(沒(méi)有) mune(公共)不受公共環(huán)境影響的免疫的【搭配】become immune to criticism不在乎批評(píng)；be immune from prosecution 免予起訴【活用例句】Stress that you can manage may also boost immune function. 你能應(yīng)對(duì)的壓力也可能增強(qiáng)你的免疫功能。ste

26、m* /stem/ n. 莖，干；詞干 vi. (from)起源于 vt. 堵住，抑止【聯(lián)想】起源于(stem)合同的一條款(item)【搭配】stem the flow of drugs 遏制毒品流通【活用例句】The cut was bandaged to stem the bleeding.傷口進(jìn)行了包扎以止血。/Most peoples insecurities stem from something that happened in their childhood. 人缺乏安全感多是童年時(shí)的經(jīng)歷造成的。thrive* /TraIv/ vi. 興旺，繁榮【聯(lián)想】th rive(看作 r

27、iver 河)古代人類文化的繁榮都起源于幾大流域繁榮【搭配】thrive on sth 以某事為樂(lè)，因某事而有成【寫作例句】As the pace of the modern world is getting faster, many people dont have the time to go home to make a lunch. They enjoy eating out. Consequently, fast food restaurants are thriving.隨著當(dāng)今世界生活節(jié)奏的加快，許多人沒(méi)有時(shí)間回家做午飯，他們喜歡在外面吃，因而快餐業(yè)隨之興起。下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)黑

28、的常用詞#09#09常用詞匯catch* / ktS/ vt. 抓住，(使)夾??；偶然(或突然)撞見(jiàn)；染上(疾病)；引起，吸引；領(lǐng)會(huì)【短語(yǔ)】catch at (a straw) 試圖抓住(一根稻草)；catch on (what sb said) 理解(某人所說(shuō)的話)；流行起來(lái)；catch out 指出，識(shí)破；catch sb out 顯示出某人無(wú)知或犯錯(cuò)誤；catch up (with sb)趕上(某人)，吸引 【活用例句】I caught her smoking in the bathroom. 我撞見(jiàn)她在盥洗室里抽煙。/I didnt quite catch what you said.

29、 我沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚你的話。desert* /9dez5t/ n. 沙漠，不毛之地 ；di9z:t； vt. 離棄，拋棄；遺棄 vi. 擅離職守【聯(lián)想】“沙漠”是不是像被人“拋棄”的一大塊土地呢?【搭配】the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠；a cultural desert文化沙漠；desert his wife 拋棄他的妻子；desert teaching for politics 棄教從政【活用例句】The guard was punished for deserting his post.衛(wèi)兵因擅離職守而受到處罰。cure* /kjU5(r)/ vt. 治愈；消除，矯正 n. 治愈，療

30、程；藥(劑)【聯(lián)想】cure(消除) lure(誘惑) pure(完全的) sure(有把握的)消除(cure)誘惑(lure)并不是完全(pure)有把握的(sure)【搭配】cure sb of sth 矯正某人的不良行為；cure a serious illness 治愈一種嚴(yán)重的疾病【閱讀例句】Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged(延長(zhǎng)) his life.早期的診斷和治療或許并不能使他痊愈，但是至少可以延長(zhǎng)他的生命。08.12hopeless /9h5Up

31、lIs/ a. 無(wú)希望的，毫無(wú)辦法的，絕望的【詞根】來(lái)自hope( v. 認(rèn)為) less(表否定)【聽(tīng)力例句】But if you fail, if the person jumps into the Bosten Larfog, there is no describing how hopeless you feel.但是如果你失敗了，如果你想要挽救的人跳進(jìn)了博斯騰.拉夫格河里，根本就無(wú)法形容你有多無(wú)助。03.9 同義desperate /9despFrIt/ a. 不顧一切的，孤注一擲的；極想望的，極需要的；絕望的【詞根】de(not) sper(hope) ate(的)沒(méi)有希望的絕望的

32、【活用例句】I would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.我要不是因?yàn)樽咄稛o(wú)路，絕不會(huì)告到法院去的。feed* /fi:d/ vt. 提供；喂(養(yǎng))，飼(養(yǎng)) vi. 以為食物 n. 飼料【搭配】feed with. 向提供；feed on. 吃，以為食；be fed up with飽受，厭煩【活用例句】In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.我的童年時(shí)代并沒(méi)有冰箱，但我吃得很好也很健康。juicy /

33、9dZu:sI/ a. 多汁的，汁液豐富的【搭配】soft juicy pears 脆而多汁的梨【引申】同根juice n. 汁，液【活用例句】Look, how fresh and juicy those grapes are.瞧, 這些葡萄怪水靈的。fresh* /freS/ a. 新的；新鮮的；新穎的；精神飽滿的；(水等)淡的【聯(lián)想】果肉(flesh)是新鮮的(fresh)【搭配】fresh vegetables；fresh water淡水【活用例句】In previous times, when fresh meat was in short supply, pigeons were

34、kept by many households as a source of food.在以前，新鮮肉類短缺，許多家庭飼養(yǎng)鴿子作為食物。soil /s(e7)Il/ n. 泥土，土地，土壤 vt. 弄臟，使變臟【搭配】soil erosion 土壤侵蝕；soiled bedding 臟了的床上用品【活用例句】I dont want you soiling your hands with this sort of work. 我不希望你干這種事，免得臟了你的手。Text 2 Ocean Water Ocean water plays an indispensable role in suppor

35、ting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation(蒸發(fā)) and returned by precipitation(降雨) and drainage to the ocean. More than 24, 000 cubic miles of rain desce

36、nd annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to supply the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora(植物群) and fauna(動(dòng)物群) are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere(水圈，水界) permits organic existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has propertie

37、s unlike those of any other liquid. One strange point is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except

38、for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic(水的) life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the hi

39、ghest of all liquids and solids except ammonia(氨). This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a g

40、reat storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash(碳酸鉀) is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium(鎂) is produced from sea water along th

41、e American Gulf Coast.A amount B contract C descend D dissolves E exploited F extracted G floatsH indispensable I interchange J melt K notably L outstanding M permits N properties海水 海水在支持生命方面起著不可或缺的作用。廣闊的海洋容納了約3億立方英里的水。其中每年有8萬(wàn)立方英里的水蒸發(fā)被大氣吸收，然后又通過(guò)降雨和排水返回到大海。每年有超過(guò)2.4萬(wàn)立方英里的雨水降到陸地上。這些雨水供給湖泊、河流、泉水和地下水，所有的

42、植物和動(dòng)物都依賴這些水源。因此水圈使得有機(jī)體能夠生存。因?yàn)樗兄c其他液體不同的特性，所以水圈有著奇怪的特征。一個(gè)奇怪的地方就是水在結(jié)冰時(shí)膨脹約百分之九，而大多數(shù)液體則在冷卻時(shí)收縮。由于這個(gè)原因，冰浮在水上而不是沉到水底。如果冰下沉的話，水圈將很快結(jié)冰固化，只有在夏季時(shí)表面會(huì)有一薄層融化水。從而所有的水生生命都將遭到破壞并且會(huì)明顯缺少保持氣候適中的冷熱流交換。水的另一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)是它的熱容，除了氨之外的所有液體和固體中，水的熱容最大。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)使得海洋能夠吸收和存儲(chǔ)大量的熱量，因此常能防止氣候的極度變化。另外，水能比任何別的液體溶解更多的物質(zhì)。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)使得海洋成為一個(gè)巨大的礦物質(zhì)儲(chǔ)藏室，這些礦物質(zhì)

43、是從大陸沖刷下來(lái)的。世界上有幾個(gè)地區(qū)正在商業(yè)開(kāi)采這些礦物質(zhì)。日光蒸發(fā)制取鹽的方法被廣泛采用，碳酸鉀是從死海里提取的，而鎂則是從美洲海灣沿岸的海水中制取的。難 句 解 析1. This vast amount is required to supply the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora(植物群) and fauna(動(dòng)物群) are dependent.【分析】復(fù)合句。其中 which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 lakes and streams, springs and water tables，dep

44、endent on 為固定短語(yǔ)，所以用 on which。2. Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia.【分析】多重復(fù)合句。that 引導(dǎo)的從句作表語(yǔ) , 表語(yǔ)從句中又有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a heat capacity，except ammonia作狀語(yǔ)。3. It is this characteristic which helps make

45、oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents.【分析】多重復(fù)合句。其中包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè) which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 this characteristic；第二個(gè) which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 minerals.下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)紅的高頻詞#09#09高頻詞匯indispensable* /8IndI9spens5bl/ a. 必不可少的，必需的【詞根】in(不) dis(分開(kāi)) pens(稱量) able(的)分開(kāi)稱時(shí)所不可缺少的必需的【搭配】be

46、 indispensable for / to. 對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是不可缺少的【引申】同義essential a. 必不可少的，絕對(duì)必要的necessary a. 必要的required a. 必需的vital a. 至關(guān)重要的，必需的反義dispensable a. 可有可無(wú)的【活用例句】In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play indispensable roles in raising children.在中國(guó)家庭里，祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)兒童中起著不可缺少的作用。amount* /59maUnt/ n. 數(shù)量，

47、總數(shù) vi. 合計(jì)；(在意義等)等同，接近【聯(lián)想】a(表方向) mount (爬)數(shù)字爬到最高處總計(jì)【搭配】an amount of time 一段時(shí)間；amount to 總計(jì)，共達(dá)【活用例句】The small countrys loss in natural disasters has amounted to $1.5 billion this year. 這個(gè)小國(guó)家今年在自然災(zāi)害中的損失總計(jì)15億美元。descend* /dI9send/ vi. 下來(lái)，下降【詞根】de(down) scend(登，爬)向下爬下來(lái)，下降【搭配】descend on 突然大批來(lái)訪，襲擊；descend i

48、nto 逐漸陷入；descend from the top of the mountain 從山頂上走下來(lái)【引申】同義decline vi. 下傾，下降【活用例句】You can ride the escalator up but have to descend on foot.你可以搭電梯上去,但要自己走下來(lái)。permit* /p59mIt/ v. 允許，許可；(使)有可能 n. 許可證，執(zhí)照【搭配】permit smoking in the room 允許在房間里吸煙；apply for a permit 申請(qǐng)?jiān)S可證；issue a permit 簽發(fā)許可證【引申】同義admission

49、n. 準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入，接納【活用例句】Radios are not permitted in the library. 圖書館內(nèi)不許使用收音機(jī)。/Permit me to offer you some advice. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向你提些建議。property* /9pr(e7)p5tI/ n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)，所有物；房產(chǎn)，物業(yè)；性質(zhì)，性能【聯(lián)想】proper(固有的，特有的) ty(表物)固有物【搭配】property prices 房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格；a plant with medicinal properties 藥用植物；intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)【引申】同義asset n.

50、優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處；資產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)【活用例句】Be careful not to damage other peoples property. 小心別損壞別人的財(cái)產(chǎn)。/Compare the physical properties of the two substances. 比較一下這兩種物質(zhì)的物理特性。contract* /9k(e7)ntrkt/ #09 vi. 縮小；訂合同 vt. 感染，染上(惡習(xí))；訂(約) ；9k?ntrkt； n. 合同【詞根】con(共同) tract(拉，拽)合同將雙方損益拉到一起合同【搭配】contract a trade agreement 締結(jié)貿(mào)易協(xié)議；contr

51、act a bad habit染上惡習(xí)【引申】同義compress vt. 壓縮，壓緊reduce vt. 縮小shrink v. 收縮，(使)皺縮 【聽(tīng)力例句】By 6 oclock that evening, I had signed contracts with seven companies to rent plants from me and pay me a fee to maintain them.到那天晚上6點(diǎn)時(shí)，我已經(jīng)和7家公司簽訂了合同。他們從我這里租盆景并且他們雇用我照顧盆景。08.6 同義shrink* /SrI(ce)k/ v. 退縮，畏縮；起皺；收縮【聯(lián)想】經(jīng)常皺(

52、shrink)眉頭易起皺紋(wrinkle)【搭配】shrink from .to. 從減少到；shrinking profits 正在縮減的利潤(rùn)；the shrinking yen 正在貶值的日元【引申】同義retreat vi. & n. 退卻，撤退withdraw v. 撤消，撤退【活用例句】The advertisement says this material doesnt shrink in the wash, but it has. 廣告中說(shuō)這種面料洗后不縮水，但現(xiàn)在它卻縮水了。float* /fl5Ut/ v. (使)浮動(dòng)，漂浮，(使)飄動(dòng)；(使)漂流 【聯(lián)想】船(bo

53、at)在水上漂浮(float)【引申】反義soar vi. 猛增，高飛；(情緒、期望等)高漲；屹立【活用例句】The smell of new bread floated up from the kitchen. 廚房里飄出新鮮面包的香味。/People seem to float in and out of my life. 不同的人在我的生命中出現(xiàn)和消失。melt* /melt/ v. (使)融化，(使)熔化；(使)消散，(使)逐漸消失 【搭配】melt sth down 將(金屬或蠟)溶化；melt into sth 逐漸融入；melt away 慢慢消失【活用例句】Melted iro

54、n is poured into the mixer much in the same way as tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.鐵水注入攪拌器，就像茶水從茶壺倒入茶杯一樣。interchange /8Int59tSeIn(d)Z/ n. 常與 of 連用交換或互換的行動(dòng)【引申】同義exchange n. 交換，調(diào)換switch n. 轉(zhuǎn)換【活用例句】Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.各國(guó)人民的

55、友好接觸促進(jìn)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)交流。notably /9n5Ut5blI/ ad. 引人注目地，顯著地；尤其，特別【引申】同義evidently ad. 明顯地markedly ad. 顯著地【活用例句】Many students were absent, notably the monitor.許多學(xué)生缺席，特別是連班長(zhǎng)也沒(méi)來(lái)。outstanding* /8aUt9stndI(ce)/ a. 突出的，杰出的；未解決的，未償付的【詞根】out(出) stand(站立) ing(的)站出來(lái)的突出的【搭配】outstanding qualities 優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)；an outstanding claim未解

56、決的要求【引申】同義magnificent a. 壯麗的，宏偉的，極好的splendid a. 壯麗的，豪華的，輝煌的superb a. 極好的，高質(zhì)量的【活用例句】It takes many years of strenuous training to be an outstanding athlete.要成為一名杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要多年艱苦的訓(xùn)練。dissolve /dI9z(e7)lv/ vi. 溶解；消失 vt. 使溶解；解散，結(jié)束【聯(lián)想】dis(分開(kāi)) solve(解決)分開(kāi)解決溶解【搭配】dissolve in water 溶解于水；dissolve their marriage 解除婚姻關(guān)系【引申】同義disappear vi. 消失fade vi. 消失【活用例句】Fill a glass with water and dissolve this tablet in it.倒杯水把藥片放進(jìn)去溶解了。exploit* /9eksplOIt/ vt. 開(kāi)發(fā)，開(kāi)采，利用；剝削 n. 常 pl. 功績(jī)【詞根】ex ploit(利用)利用，開(kāi)發(fā)【搭配】exploit a mine 開(kāi)礦；exploit the rainforests for hardwood 為獲取硬木而開(kāi)發(fā)熱帶雨林；exploit young people 剝削年輕