小學英語大全

1、 詞法復習第一組 名詞篇1.名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞2.可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an)連用有可數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用，沒有復數(shù)形式 many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 兩者都可以修飾。 3.可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞 對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many 對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much 4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法： 1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of,a bit of ,plent

2、y of 用等表示多少。 注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of,lots of,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 Ill tell you much good news.我要告訴你許多好消息。 可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復數(shù)。 名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身，在其前面加a或an。 1）單數(shù) 如a desk（一張桌子） an old desk（一張舊書桌） 2）復數(shù)：要表示一個以上概念時，要用名詞復數(shù)形式 規(guī)則變化 1）一般情況下加-s 如book-books（書）des

3、k-desks（書桌） 2）以s ,x ,ch , sh結尾加-es 如box-boxes（盒子）bus-buses(公共汽車) 注意以 th 結尾加-s, month-months stomach-stomachs 3)以輔音字母+結尾，變y為i再加- es。 如city-cities(城市) country-countries(國家) 注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day-days(天)，boy-boys(男孩) 4)以f或fe結尾，復數(shù)變f或 fe 為v再加-es 如knife-knives(書) , half-halves(一半) (thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,

4、knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf) 注意有少數(shù)詞后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋頂) 5)以o結尾 (1)輔音字母加o結尾名詞的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西紅杮) potato-potatoes(土豆) (2) 元音字母加o結尾名詞的加-s 如piano-pianos (鋼琴), zoo-zoos(動物園) photo-photos (照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠) kilo-kilos(千克) 注意zero 兩種方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零) 不規(guī)則變化 1) 元音字母發(fā)變化。 如man-men(

5、男人) ， woman-women(婦女) tooth-teeth(牙齒)，foot-feet(腳) mouse-mice(老鼠)，policeman-policemen(警察) policewoman-policewomen(女警察) 2) 詞尾發(fā)生變化。 如child-children(小孩)， ox-oxen(公牛) 3) 單、復數(shù)形式相同。 如fish-fish(魚) ，sheep-sheep(綿羊) ，deer-deer(鹿) ，chinese-chinese(中國人) ，yuan-yuan(元) ，jinn-jinn(斤) 注意不說an english，要說anenglishman

6、. fish作魚肉講時不可數(shù)，沒有復數(shù)。 fishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。 4) 形似單數(shù)，實為復數(shù)意義。 如people(人，人們)these people (不說a people，可說a person) police(公安，警察)ten police (不說a police，可說a policeman) 5) 由man和woman構成的合成名詞，變復數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復數(shù)。 如a man driver-men drivers(男司機) a woman doctor-women doctors (女醫(yī)生) 注意以boy 和girl開頭的復合名詞變成復數(shù)時，一般只把后一

7、名詞變成復數(shù)。 如boy student-boy students(男學生) girlfriend-girlfriends(女朋友) 7) 有些名詞只有作復數(shù)。 如scissors(剪刀)a pair ofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(褲子)shorts(短褲)jeans(工裝褲)compasses(兩腳規(guī))scales(天平)sunglasses(太陽鏡)surroundings(環(huán)境)savings(儲蓄)writings(作品) 名詞+man(woman)構成的復合名詞，其復數(shù)形式通常與簡單名詞一樣，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。 如englishma

8、n-englishmen(英國人) frenchwoman-frenchwomen(法國婦女) 注意german不是復合詞，它的復數(shù)是germansTIME TO PRACTICE:1.There_ still some apple juice in the fridge. Its not necessary for us togo to the supermarket now.（2013南京中考題）A. was B. were C. is D. are2.當代的汽車由于耗油量太大正陷入困境之中。Todays car are _ _ because they use too much gas.

9、(第十五屆新課標五級考試原題）3.“Excuseme, are you _? ”“No,we are _. ”A.American, Englishman B. American,GermansC.American, Germen D. Englishman,Americans 詞法復習第一組 形容詞篇語法點：1. 形容詞的比較級變化規(guī)則 1. 一般單音節(jié)詞+ erstrongstronger，highhigher，slowslower，greatgreater2. 單音節(jié)并以元音字母+輔音字母結尾的詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母再+erhothotter,bigbigger3. 雙音節(jié)以y結尾的詞，去

10、掉y 再+ierprettyprettier,earlyearlier4. 一般兩個或兩個以上音節(jié)的詞，前面+ moreexpensivemore expensive5. 不規(guī)則詞good/wellbetter; bad/illworse;farfarther/further,littleless,oldolder(較老的）/elder（年長的）（1）.形容詞原級的基本用法 asas 像一樣structure： A +/be 動詞 + as + 形容詞原級 + as +動詞+ Bexample: Lucy works as hard as Jerry. The balloon is as bi

11、g as a watermelon. not as/so as 不像一樣structure：（1）A + 動詞+ not as + 形容詞原級 + as + B example：Lucy dances not so well as Cindy. （2）A + be+ not as + 形容詞原級 + as + B My mother is not as tall as my dad. sothat 太以至于structure：A + 動詞/be + so + 形容詞原級 + that + 句子example： I am so busy that I have no time for sport

12、s. suchthat如此以至于structure：A + 動詞/be + such+形容詞原級+名詞+ that + 句子example： Leo is such a hard-working dancer that he spends 10 hours practicing dance everyday.（2）.形容詞比較級的基本用法structure：A + 動詞/be 動詞 + 形容詞比較級+ than+ Bexample：His brother is younger than me.注意:（1)表示“越來越. structure：比較級+and+比較級example：The weat

13、her is getting warmer and warmer.（2）表示“越.就越.structure：the+比較級.,the+比較級.example：The sooner,the better.(越快越好） The busier he is,the happier he feels.2. 形容詞的最高級:用于比較三者或三者以上的人、物1. 一般單音節(jié)詞+ eststrongthe strongest2. 單音節(jié)并以元音字母+輔音字母結尾的詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母再+esthotthe hottest3. 雙音節(jié)以y結尾的詞，去掉y 再+iestprettythe prettiest4. 兩

14、個或兩個以上音節(jié)的詞，前面+ mostexpensivethe most expensive5. 不規(guī)則詞，goodthe best; bad/illthe worst;farthe farthest/furthest,littlethe least,oldthe oldest(最老的）/the eldest(最年長的）形容詞最高級的基本用法structure：A + 動詞/be 動詞 + 形容詞最高級+ of/in.example：Spring is the best season of the year. She is the youngest in the class.注意:（1)表示”

15、是最.之一structure：one of the+形容詞最高級example：Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in china.(2)表示“大多數(shù)，大部分的.most+復數(shù)名詞 Most people like apples.most of the+復數(shù)名詞 Most of the boys are good at football.（4）補充：我們可以用原級、比較級、最高級三種形式來表達最高級,如下：She is the best students in her class.(最高級）=She is better than any

16、other student in her class.(比較級）=No other student in her class is as good as she.(原級）TIME TO PRACTICE: (1）If there are_people driving, there will be _ air pollution.Yes, the air will be fresher. (第十六屆新課標五級 23)A.less;less B.less; fewer C.fewer; fewer D.fewer; less （2）Mybedroom is not as _asyours.(第十五

17、屆五級24) A.comfortable B.more confortable C.most comfortable D.the most comfortable (3)The class is _ in the school. A. best B. better than all the classes C. the better D.better than any other class （4）I am surprised that John is only 25.I thought he was_,for he seems to be in his thirties.A.old B.ol

18、der C.young D.younger（5）這是如此棒的一部音樂劇以至于我看了10次。 Its _musical that Ive seen it ten times.形容詞篇的答案: 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B.5.such a wonderful 詞法復習第三組: 情態(tài)動詞篇(?？键c) 常見的情態(tài)動詞有 can,may,need,must,should,以及與 can 對應的 could 和與 may 對應的 might。 考點一:情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,認為“可能”、“應當”、“必 要”等。注意情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法: “情態(tài)動詞+

19、動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。 1、can 表示推測時一般用于否定句, ,如:It can t be real. 2、must 表示肯定的推測,意為 “,一般用于肯定句中。如:He must be in his office now.3、might 表示推測時不一定是 may 的過去時,只是表示其可能性較小。如:The man may be the headmaster.4、Could 表示推測時,語氣 can 比要弱,說話者留有余地。如:Could it be an animal?It could not be, because it is not moving.5、Should 表示推測的可

20、能性比較大,僅比 must 的可能性 小一點。如:It is already 10 oclock now they should be there. 考點二:不同情態(tài)動詞的否定意義也不同:1.(1)cant 可譯為“不會”, 如:I cant play basketball. 我不會打籃球。 (2)當句子表推測時,用 cant 表達不可能, 如:He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和 Tom 下棋呢。 (3) cant 還可用來回答“ May I .? ” 這樣的問句。 如:May I come in ? 我 可以進來嗎

21、?No, you mustnt. / cant. 不,你不能。 注意: She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起來。 意為”不可能“ cant 還可用于固定習語中。 (1)cant help doing 禁不住,.情不自禁. (2)cant wait to do sth 迫不及待.The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子們迫不及待地想打開 盒子。 2. may 的否定式為 may not,譯成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他 也許不在家。 3.(1)mustnt 表示不許,禁止的語氣。如:You mu

22、stnt talk in class. 你們不 可以在課上說話。 (2) mustnt 也可用于以 may 表示要求時的否定回答中。如:May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎?No, you mustnt (cant). 不,不行。 4.neednt 意為“ 不必”。如:You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不需 要見他,除非你愿意。 5. shouldnt 表示不應該。如:You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 對于這種小事,你不應該感到這么不高興。 考點三:make

23、、letmake+名詞/代詞+不帶 to 的不定式表示”迫使“、”致使“,let+名詞/代詞+不帶 to 的不定式表示”允許”。如:Let me think.讓我想想。 That will make her swallow them.那樣會使她吞下那些藥片。 考點四:情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結構為: 情態(tài)動詞+ be + done (動詞的過去分詞)。 做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個方面。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。 Many of the stars can not be seen

24、 because they are far away from us.很多星星 我們都看不到,因為它們離我們太遠了。 Time to practice: 1.-I am feeling much better now so you _call the doctor.(第十五屆 新課標五級) A. could t B. would t C. can t 2. The sports shoes must be Linda s.No, they_ be. They are too small for her. A .mustn t B. can tnot D. might not3.There is

25、 a sign there. You_ park here. A. mustn t B. needn t C. can t D. shouldn t 4. Some of the plastic bags can t_ after June. Yes, people will use environment bags instead. A. use B.be use C.be used D. needn t C. may D. are used 情態(tài)動詞篇的答案： 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 詞法復習第四組：代詞篇（1）常見代詞分類【1】人稱代詞主格，I, you, he, she, it

26、, we, you, they賓格，me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them【2】物主代詞形容詞性，my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性，mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs【3】反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves【4】指示代詞，this, that, these, those, such, some【5】疑問代詞who, whom, whose,

27、which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever【6】關系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as【7】不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either語法重難點：（1）反身代詞的用法： a.表示動作的主語和賓語都是同樣的人，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后綴-self或-selves, 例：say to oneself 心里想著，自言自語

28、b. “by+反身代詞”指靠某人自己而沒有別人的幫助獨立完成，例：by oneself 獨自的，獨立 c.含有反身代詞的一些特殊短語：help oneself to.隨便吃 behave oneself守規(guī)矩，好自為之 （2）不定代詞的用法辨析1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Do you have any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some ques

29、tions to ask.2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this

30、 school. Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us hasstrong and weak points.3. none和no：no等

31、于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.注意： 【a】.no one=nobody,泛指沒有人，做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Nobody likes a person with bad manners.沒有人喜歡不禮貌的人?！綽】.none強調(diào)三者或三者以上，可與of連用，

32、謂語動詞用單數(shù)或者復數(shù)，暗示一種數(shù)量，即數(shù)量上為零。 None of us have/has seen him.我們沒有人見過他。 【c】.nothing表示什么也沒有,謂語用單數(shù)。 There is nothing in the box.盒子里什么也沒有。4. other和another: 1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day,every other week, some other reason, no other way,the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為the others。如：He holds a book in one ha

33、nd and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed theexam. 2)another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / someothers.Some like football, while others

34、like basketball.5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none. Allof the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written inEnglish.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either ofus is a teacher.Time to practice:1.Do

35、nt worry about the children.They can take care of_.A.ourselves B.themselves C.yourself D.themself2._my mother or my sister watches TV plays,they like going shopping.A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.All3._my uncle_my aunt are reporters.A.Neither,nor B.Either,or C.Not only,but also D.Both,and4.To stay awak

36、e,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered_.A.the other B.other C.the others D.another5.She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was _ left at home.A. nothing B. none C. something D. nobody6.How many birds can you see in the tree? _.All the birds have flown away.A.None B.No one C.Nothing

37、 D.A few代詞篇的答案： 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D（D改成another）.5.A 6.A 詞法復習第五組：介詞篇1. 介詞的分類1) 簡單介詞 通常指一個單詞的介詞 如：at，between，in，to等2) 合成介詞 指有兩個單詞和在一起構成的介詞 如：into，upon，without3) 介詞短語 指有兩個或兩個以上單詞組合在一起所構成的介詞，如becauseof，in front of等2. 常用介詞用法辨析1. 表示時間的介詞(1)表示年、月、日、時刻等用at，in，onA at用于表示時刻、時刻的某一點 e.g. at eleven oclock at noon at

38、 presentB on用于表示某日，某天的上午、下午、晚上 e.g. on Saturday OnMarch 8thC in用于表示一段時間或季節(jié) e.g. in December inspring(2). 表示前后用before，afterA. before:在.之前 e.g. Come and see me tomorrow at any timebefore eleven. B. after:在.之后 e.g. Spring comes after winter.(3). 表示期限等用by，until，tillC. by:在.之前，不遲于 e.g.By the time I arriv

39、ed, she had already gone.D. Until，till:直到.為止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night.(4). 表示期間等用for，during，through，betweenA. for:達.之久（表示過了多少時間）e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks.B. during:在時期當中 e.g. He wokemany times during the night.C. through:在整整一段時間內(nèi) e.g. She sat there,alone, all

40、 through that day.D. between:在（兩個時間）之間，突出時間的起點和終點，相當于from.toe.g. He kept on working between seven and twelve last night.(5) 表示時間的起點用from，sinceA. from:從.起 e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited.B. since: 自從.以來 e.g. Since my last letter I have heard fromhim twice.(6) 表示時間的經(jīng)過等用in，withinA. in:過.后（未來時間） e

41、.g. I heard that she would be back in a month.B. within: 以內(nèi)，不超過 e.g. He willarrive within an hour.2. 表示場所、方向的介詞(1) 表示場所的介詞：at，in，on，above，over，under，below，near，by，between，among，around，round，about，in front of，behinde.g. There are many trees around the lake.【注】表示“某地在.里”時要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”時要用on或to；如果兩

42、地有空間距離（不接壤）時，必須用to(2) 表示方向的介詞：in，into，out of，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for，from，over，by，paste.g. You must put the dirty paper in the basket.3. 表示原因的介詞(1) 常用來表示原因的介詞有because of，for e.g. Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week.(2)某些其他介詞也可用來表示原因，如at，from，with，of e.g. The o

43、ld man died ofcancer.4. 其他介詞的用法(1) 表示手段和材料等用法的介詞:with，in，bywith：和在一起，帶有、具有，用某種工具或方法 e.g. He isplaying with his children.in：以形式，以方式；用語言；表示衣著、聲調(diào)特點 e.g. She keeps adiary in English.by：被 e.g. Around the city weremountains covered by snow.5.表示“由.制成”的介詞:of，fromA. of：表示成品看得出原材料 e.g. The table is made of wo

44、od.B. from：表示成品看不出原材料 e.g. This kind of paperis made from wood.6. without，like，as，against等A. without：沒有 e.g. He rushed to the office withouthaving his breakfast.B. like：像，如，跟一樣 e.g. Whats he like?C. as：作為 e.g. He is famousas a scientist here.D. against：靠著，反對 e.g. Dont stand against the door.7. 常見的介詞

45、短語(1)動詞+介詞 look after，prepare for，agree with，listen to，wait for(2) Be+形容詞+介詞 be proud of，be different from，be famous for，be pleased with，be kind to，be good at，be late for，be afraid of (3) 名詞+介詞 key to，reasonfor，difficulty in，progress in，way of (4) 固定介詞搭配 at the moment，by chance，byturns，for ever，in f

46、act，on business Time to practice: 1. _ the afternoon of Monday, we visitedthe old man. A. On B. At C. In D. Of2.Look_the map _China _the wall please.(第十五屆新課標五級1) A. at,of,in B.at,of,on C.after,of,in D.after,in,on 3. Bill kicked the ball too hard, and itwent _ the street _ one of Mrs. Smiths windows.

47、 Aacross; on B. through; on C. across; through D. to; through4Thechemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad _ our health. A. from B. with C .of D. for 5They sent the letter to me _ mistake. A. by B.for C. with介詞篇的答案： 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D.5.A 詞法復習第六組：冠詞篇一.不定冠詞的基本用法（a/an)，一般用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前 1.泛指某一類人、事或物；相當于any

48、，這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。如：An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比馬強壯。 2.表示數(shù)量，有一的意思，。但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈。I bought a computer. 3.表示每一，相當于every. 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天課。 4.用在序數(shù)詞前，表示又一，再一。例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已經(jīng)有三本書，我想買第四本。 5.用在某些固定詞組中：a lot(of)許多，大量；after a while過一會兒

49、二.定冠詞的基本用法（the)1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法。2.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window,please.請打開窗戶。3.指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car.The car is red.我有一輛小汽車，它是紅色的。4.指世界上獨一無二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一個大，太陽還是地球？5.用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前。例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一課是這本書最簡單的一課。6

50、.用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。例如，the Great Wall 長城，the United States 美國7.用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類人。例如:the poor窮人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏復數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫妻倆。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻倆9.用在方位詞前。例如:on the left在左邊，in the middle of在中間10.用在樂器名稱前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天彈鋼琴。11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國家和黨派等名詞前。例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangz

51、i River長江12.用在某些固定詞組中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同時；by the way順便；do the shopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在戶外，在野外注意：某些固定詞組中不用冠詞(1)與by連用的交通工具名稱前：by bus乘公共汽車;by car乘汽車;by bike騎/坐自行車;by train乘火車;by air/plane乘飛機;by sea/s

52、hip乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠詞。(2)名詞詞組：day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour時時刻刻;here and there到處。(3)介詞詞組：at home在家;in surprise驚奇地;at noon在中午;on foot步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time準時;for example例如;in class在上課;on show展覽;in bed在床上。(4)go短語：go home回家;go to bed上床睡覺;go to school去上學;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boati