中學(xué)英語語法講座與測試

1、中學(xué)英語語法講座與測試目 錄第一講 動詞時(shí)態(tài)（上）第二講動詞時(shí)態(tài)（下）第三講被動語態(tài)第四講虛 擬 語 氣第五講情 態(tài) 動 詞第六講動詞不定式第七講ing分詞第八講ed分詞第九講不定式、-ing分詞和-ed分詞三者間的關(guān)系第十講代詞第十一講形容詞和副詞第十二講連 接 詞第十三講前后呼應(yīng)第十四講倒 裝 句第十五講從 句第一講 動詞時(shí)態(tài)（上） 目 錄一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在、經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣的動作或狀態(tài)和普遍現(xiàn)象、常識或客觀真理；一般過去時(shí)用于過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的或過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)；一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，將來打算做的事情；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作造成目前的結(jié)果和對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或表

2、示從過去延續(xù)至今的動作、狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣等；將來完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)之前業(yè)已完成或發(fā)生的事情；過去完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀況，即過去的過去。注意每一種時(shí)態(tài)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用情況。英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying過去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been stu

3、dying將來shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have studiedwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying過去將來should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying 考試中出現(xiàn)的一般

4、有以下幾種。I、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、表示一般性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)1) In general A ， newspapers emphasize current news， whereas B magazines dealt C more with D background materials.2) The adult mosquito usually lives for about A thirty days， although B the life span varied C widely with temperature， humidity， and other D factors of th

5、e environment.3) Industrial buyers A are responsible B for supplying C the goods and services that an organization required D for its operations.二、表示習(xí)慣性動作和狀態(tài)或普遍的現(xiàn)象或常識4) It is an accepted A custom in west countries that B men removed C their hats when a woman enters D the room.5) Certain layers of th

6、e atmosphere have special names .Awhich indicated their character propertiesBwhose characteristic properties were indicatingCwhat characterize their indicated propertiesDthat indicate their characteristic properties三、表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀規(guī)律和客觀真理。在賓語從句中，即使主句的謂語動詞用了過去時(shí)，只要從句表示的是客觀真理，從句的謂語動詞也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)6) The teacher t

7、old them since A light travels faster than B sound, lightning appeared C to go before D thunder.7) As A a child, I was told that B the planet earth, which has C its own satellite, the moon, moved D round the sun.四、祈使句必須用動詞原形，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)用“don't動詞原形”，如：Go and fetch some water. Don't do that.五、在反義疑問句

8、中，如果主句用肯定句，那么，反問句用否定形式；如果主句用否定形式，那么，反問句就用肯定形式。而且前后在時(shí)態(tài)上要一致。但祈使疑問句用won't you?進(jìn)行反問。如：See a film tonight, won't you?注： 祈使句后邊可用附加疑問句，以加強(qiáng)語氣。如果祈使句用肯定形式，附加疑問句用否定形式；如果祈使句用否定形式，附加句用肯定形式；如： Come here next Sunday, won't you? Don't tell it to anyone, will you? 但如果祈使句的前一句有了表示強(qiáng)烈ZZ(肯定ZZ)的語言環(huán)境，即使祈使句用

9、了肯定形式，其附加成分也可以用“will you”(表示肯定，如果是在口語中用降調(diào))。如：Give me the book, will you?六、例題解析1) C錯(cuò)?！癷n general”表示“一般”，所以主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并列從句的謂語也是表示一般性，所以C處也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將其改為deal，而不是過去時(shí)dealt。2) C錯(cuò)。本句的主從句中的“usually”表示“經(jīng)常”，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；而讓步狀語從句的謂語也是表示同一情況，所以也應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故把C處的 varied改為varies。3) D錯(cuò)。本句表述的是一般狀況，前面的主句用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面的定語從句也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，應(yīng)將re

10、quired改為 requires。4) C錯(cuò)。這里“it”是形式主語，代表主語從句“that”，既然主句表示習(xí)慣(“an accepted custom”)，那么謂語就應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不能用過去時(shí)。所以將C處的removed改為remove。5) D為正確答案。本句表述的也是自然現(xiàn)象，主句和從句都應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故A和B都不對；C不合語法，以“what”引導(dǎo)的從句不能作定語，只有D正確，這里“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前邊的名詞“names”。6) C錯(cuò)。本句賓語從句所表述的是客觀事實(shí)，即“l(fā)ight travels faster than sound,”雖然主句謂語動詞用的是過去式“

11、told”，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以把C處的appeared改為appears。7) D錯(cuò)。雖然主句的主語用了過去時(shí)“was told”，其賓語從句表示的是“地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)”這一客觀規(guī)律，所以將D處的moved改為moves。注意：不能將C處的has改為had，因?yàn)檫@也是表示客觀事實(shí)，也得用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。II一般過去時(shí)一、一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動作或情況，句中通常有表示過去某一時(shí)刻的狀語 a day ago, last week, in 1996, during the night, in anceint times等，表示“過多少時(shí)間之后”用after, 但在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中用in

12、, 如in the past few years等1) How many people remember A listening B to Orson Welles' 1938 radio broadcast C ， “ The War of the Worlds”， which convince D thousands that space aliens(外星人) had invaded the Earth?2) The instructor had gone over A the problems many times B before C the students will ta

13、ke D the final examination.3) Anthropologists agree A that our primitive ancestors B who inhabit C the tropics probably have natural protection against D the Sun.二、例題解析1) D錯(cuò)，改用過去時(shí) convinced，因此處表述的是過去(1938年)所發(fā)生的情況，而現(xiàn)在則不是這樣?！皐hich”引導(dǎo)的從句修飾“1938 radio breadcast”。2) D錯(cuò)。由于主句使用的是過去完成時(shí)，表示在 過去 的某一動作發(fā)生之前，本句中的

14、“before”從句引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。所以狀語從句的謂語應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)把將來時(shí)“will take”改為一般過去時(shí)took，以便和主句的過去完成時(shí)呼應(yīng)。3) C錯(cuò)，改為inhabited，既然是“我們的祖先 居住 的熱帶地區(qū)”，“居住”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，所以要用過去時(shí)。這里也要提醒大家：做語法題不僅要看特定的提示詞如時(shí)間狀語等，關(guān)鍵還在于讀懂句子的意思。如，雖然本句的主語還是同一表示過去的名詞主語“primitive ancestors”，其謂語動詞就用現(xiàn)在時(shí)“have”?！拔覀兊淖嫦扔小?，這里的“有”，是現(xiàn)在我們看來的一種事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。III 一般將來時(shí)一、一般將來時(shí)

15、表示將要發(fā)生的動作或狀況1) But the weather experts A are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected B by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that would C possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning D of fuels.(92年閱讀理解題)2) If traffic p

16、roblems are not solved soon A ， driving B in C cities becomes D impossible.二、在表示時(shí)間和條件的狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。這些時(shí)間副詞有when, as soon as等，表示條件的連詞有if,as long as等。3 ) A desert area that has been A without water B for six years will still C bloom when rain will come D .4) Come and see me whenever .(84年考題)A you

17、 are convenient B you will be convenientC it is convenient to youD it will be convenient to you5) The task is extremely difficult. If no one able to do it, we will have to find somebody else.A wereB wasC isD would注意：如果這些副詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的是名詞從句作賓語而不是狀語從句時(shí)，這些名詞從句的謂語動詞則用該用的時(shí)態(tài)：I don't know when he will come.而

18、且表示將來的助動詞will還可以用以條件從句中，譯為“愿意、肯”等。三、一些表示方向及變化的瞬間動詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動作We leave (are leaving) for California the day after tomorrow.我們(計(jì)劃)后天動身去加利福尼亞州。May I have your attention please. The plane for Wuhan is about to take off.請注意，飛往武漢的飛機(jī)就要起飛了。四、另外，“be +to 動詞原形”也可表示打算做的事，還可表示責(zé)任、意向和可能性You are to follow th

19、e doctors advice.你應(yīng)遵從醫(yī)囑。No shelter was to be seen.找不到避難處。五、例題解析1) C錯(cuò)，改為will。本題有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語“in the next fifty years”，所以謂語用一般將來時(shí)。2) D錯(cuò)。由于從句中有表示時(shí)間的狀語“soon”(不久，不遠(yuǎn)的將來)，主句的謂語也是在這一時(shí)間發(fā)生，所以要用將來時(shí)，那么D改為will become。3) D錯(cuò)。本句主語是A desert areawill still bloom，狀語從句是由when引導(dǎo)，表示“雨季到來時(shí)”，從句的謂語應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，所以將C處的will come改為c

20、omes。4) 正確答案為C。本題除了時(shí)態(tài)上的問題(即不用一般將來時(shí))之外還涉及到主語和它的表語的邏輯問題。根據(jù)上述語法特點(diǎn)，首先排除B和D；題中“convenient”是“方便的”之意。雖然漢語“在你方便的時(shí)候”，似乎“方便”的主語是“你”，但在英語中就不是那么回事兒，“convenient”的英文的解釋是“(sth) suited to personal ease or comfort or to easy performance of some act or function”(某事或物對某人來說感到舒適或容易作)，其主語應(yīng)是“物”而不是“人”。本題應(yīng)選C。所以學(xué)英語時(shí)，不僅要懂英語單詞

21、的漢語譯文，更重要的是掌握英語單詞的內(nèi)涵與用法。建議身邊備一個(gè)“英英”字典，如Longman Dictionary of Comtempory English。5) C為正確答案。理由同上。 第二講動詞時(shí)態(tài)（下） 目 錄一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在、經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣的動作或狀態(tài)和普遍現(xiàn)象、常識或客觀真理；一般過去時(shí)用于過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的或過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)；一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，將來打算做的事情；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作造成目前的結(jié)果和對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或表示從過去延續(xù)至今的動作、狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣等；將來完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)之前業(yè)已完成或發(fā)生的事情；過去完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動

22、作或狀況，即過去的過去。注意每一種時(shí)態(tài)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用情況。英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying過去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying將來shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingsh

23、all have studiedwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying過去將來should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying 考試中出現(xiàn)的一般有以下幾種。IV 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成式是have(has)動詞的ED分詞1) Research A in mole

24、cular(分子的) biology has demonstrate B phenomenal similarities C between D humans and apes(類人猿).2) Gore Vidal has steadily pursue A a literary career B remarkable C for its productivity， versatility(多樣性) and unpredictability D (多變性).3) For centuries large communities of people have living A on housebo

25、ats in parts B of the world where C the climate is warm and the waters are calm D .二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的情況或動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在的影響，可能是已完成的動作，也可表示多次動作的總和，或習(xí)慣性的行為和持續(xù)的動作4) Ninetyeight percent of all animal species A in B history had C died out D .5) The domestic A dog， considered to be the first tamed animal，

26、is coexisting B with human beings since C the days of the cave dwellers D (居住者).三、如果句中有表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這些時(shí)間狀語有 now, today, this week, this month, this year，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不和表示具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year等，但可以和always, before, just, induring the past(few weeks, years, fifty years)連用，這時(shí)in表示“過去多少時(shí)間”，不能用

27、after6) Industrial A management is the aspect B of business C management that was D most prominent in the United States in the past eight years.7) Learning a foreign language is especially A difficult for those B who had C never learned one before D .四、在有already, as yet, yet, ever, just, never 這類副詞作

28、狀語的情況下，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)8) In just A the last B few years， football is become C more popular than baseball in that country D .9) Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations tha

29、n has been possible before.A everB everestC moreD most10) President Andrew Jackson was a controversial A figure in his own B day and is one C ever since D .五、有“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for一段時(shí)間”引導(dǎo)的狀語時(shí)，主句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)11) Jekyll Island has been one A of Georgias state B parks C in D 1954.12) He is A in this country now B

30、for five years， but he makes C no attempt to speak D our language.13) The Browns A are living a hard B life because Mr. Brown has been unemployed C since D half a year.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用于將來的情況，即主語為一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間和條件從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(而不能用將來完成時(shí))表示將來某時(shí)完成的動作14) Smith is to study medicine as soon as he military service.A will

31、 finishB has finishedC finishD would finish15) Once you that brand of whisky, you will never want to drink any other.A drunkB have drunkC will drinkD drank七、例題解析1) B錯(cuò)，改為has demonstrated。2) A錯(cuò)，改為pursued。3) A錯(cuò)，改為have lived。4) C錯(cuò)。本句的漢語意思是“歷史上90%的動物種類已經(jīng)滅絕”，表示到現(xiàn)在為止“已經(jīng)”發(fā)生的事，而且還在延繼下去。所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。表示在過去的某一時(shí)

32、間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作才用過去完成時(shí)，所以本題應(yīng)把C處的had改為have。5) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has coexisted，因?yàn)楸揪浔硎镜浆F(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的情況(持續(xù)性的)，最關(guān)鍵的是抓住句中的狀語“sincedwellers”(自從到現(xiàn)在)。6) D錯(cuò)，改為has been。7) C錯(cuò)，改為have。8) C錯(cuò)，改為has become。9) A為正確答案。10) C錯(cuò)。since在本句中是副詞，意思是“從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在”， ever亦為副詞修飾 since，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，因此本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，將“is one”改為“ has been one”。11) D錯(cuò)。in 1954表示的是

33、確定的某個(gè)時(shí)刻(過去)，但由于句中的謂語動詞所使用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以應(yīng)將介詞in改為 “since”?！?since 1954”表示“從1954年以來”，本句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。12) A錯(cuò)，改為has been。13) D錯(cuò)，改為for。14) 正確答案是B。主句用的是將來時(shí)“be about to”，時(shí)間狀語從句由as soon as引導(dǎo)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來要完成的動作最合適。所以B為正確答案。15) 正確答案是B。由于主句用的是一般將來時(shí)，“Once”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以B為正確答案。V將來完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)一、將來完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)業(yè)已發(fā)生的動

34、作和情況，或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)1) By the end of this month, the generating set for a whole year.A will runB has runC runsD will have run二、過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已發(fā)生了的動作或現(xiàn)象，句中通常會出現(xiàn)有表示過去某一時(shí)刻的時(shí)間狀語2) Although she law for only a little over eight years， Florence Allen became in 1922 the first woman to sit on a state supreme cou

35、rt.A will practiceB practicesC had practicedD has been practicing3) Before 1970 many A technological advances have been made B in the field of computer science， which C resulted in more efficient D computers.三、例題解析1) 正確答案 是D?！癇y the end of this month”表示將來的某一時(shí)間，到那時(shí)業(yè)已完成的動作應(yīng)用將來完成時(shí)，所以選D為正確答案。2) C為正確答案。本

36、句的主句有表示過去某刻的時(shí)間狀語in 1922，用的是過去時(shí)，而空白處應(yīng)填入在1922年前已發(fā)生的動作(從事律師業(yè)8年多)，故應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。3) B錯(cuò)，改為had been made，因?yàn)楸揪涿黠@表示過去某刻之前( before 1970)業(yè)已發(fā)生的情況。VI 進(jìn) 行 時(shí) 態(tài) 一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段進(jìn)行的動作，但也和always, constantly, forever等頻度副詞連用表示一個(gè)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài) 1) Because of A the effects of tidal friction(摩擦力)， the earths rotation， which fo

37、rms B the basis for time units， is C gradually slow down D . 2) All things A consist of B atoms or molecules，which be C constantly moving D .二、瞬間動詞和一些表示狀態(tài)及感覺的動詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)代替。這些動詞包括：appear(顯然), arrive, be, come, desire, go, find, hate, hope, join, know, leave, like, love, join, possess, sta

38、rt, sail, see, suggest, taste, think(認(rèn)為), understand等，類似的動詞還有belong to， consist of，seem(似乎)等 3) He was seeing A somebody creeping B into the house through C the open D window last night. 4) Among A the most important B jazz innovators C in the twentieth century are being D Louis Armstrong， Fletcher

39、Henderson， Duke Ellington， and Dizzy Gillespie.三、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示到過去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某一時(shí)間段里一直在進(jìn)行的動作或行為 5) They received the parcel that they for a long time. A expectedB have expectedC had been expectingD had expected There is a wellknown incident in one of Molieres plays, where the author makes the hero exp

40、ress unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose during the whole of his life.(93年翻譯)四、例題解析 1) D錯(cuò)。slow只有作為不及物動詞用時(shí)才與up或down連用，表示“慢慢向上”或“慢慢向下”。所以我們說，這里的slow是動詞而不是形容詞，應(yīng)將動詞slow后邊加上“ing”，改為(is) slowing down，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2) C錯(cuò)，改為are。 3) A錯(cuò)，改為saw。 4) D錯(cuò)，改為are。 5) C為正確答案。第三講被動語態(tài) 目 錄內(nèi) 容 提 要英語中

41、的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。英語中只有及物動詞、動詞短語和某些成語才能構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式為“be動詞的ED分詞”。在下列情況下用被動語態(tài)：不知道或不必要提出動作的執(zhí)行者；強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者；“get動詞ED分詞”是被動詞的特殊形式；某些系動詞用主動表示被動；表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)?？傊?，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)是有一定區(qū)別的。I被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式為“be動詞的ED分詞”，隨時(shí)態(tài)的不同，“be”發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化，下表是be在英語八種被動時(shí)態(tài)中的變化形式一 般完 成進(jìn) 行現(xiàn)在am，is，are + toldhave(has) been + toldam，is，a

42、re + being told過去was，were+toldhad been + toldwas，were + being told將來will(shall) be + told過去將來would(should) be + toldII被動語態(tài)的用法一、當(dāng)我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)1) Colorful posters were in San Francisco in the 1960s to publicize rock shows.A printB printsC printedD printing2) The main A stream of a river frequently is d

43、ividing B into two or more C branches near its mouth D .二、當(dāng)我們不必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)3) The tenor drum(小鼓) is used primarily in military bands and is normally with small felt sticks.A playB playedC to playD playing4) Ill take down your name and address in case you as a witness.A are neededB will be neededC need

44、D will need5) Cottage cheese， an American favorite A ， can made easily B at home C from milk D ，lemon， juice， and salt.三、當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或側(cè)重動作的承受者時(shí),這時(shí)我們通常用by引出動作的執(zhí)行者6) The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged to produce the desired blend of sounds from the various musical sections.A the conductor o

45、fB from the conductorC the conductor andD by the conductor7) The bridge was hitting A by a large ship during B a sudden C storm last D week.四、“geted分詞”的被動語態(tài),這時(shí)習(xí)慣固定用法，這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果而非動作的本身8) “Your daughter has two children, doesnt she?”“Thats right. She in 1970.”A did marriageB was marriedC had marri

46、edD got married9) Supposing you five bottles of beer, do you think you would get drunk?A were drinkingB have drunkC were to drinkD drink五、主動形式表示被動意義,如某些系動詞如cook, feel, prove, smell和taste等其主動語態(tài)表示被動的意義10) The pattedshoes that my wife bought me comfortable.A feltB feelsC was feltD is felt11) As A the p

47、roverb says B , “ Good medicine is tasted C bitter to D the mouth.”六、沒有被動語態(tài)的詞， 表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞如contain, cost, fit, have, lack, suit等沒有被動形式，另外，諸如happen, occur, take place, break out 等不及物動詞或短語以及諸如result from(緣于)，belong to, consist of等只用主動語態(tài)，而不用被動語態(tài)12) Some critics maintain that when A a work of literatur

48、e is lacked B reference to C the general experience of mankind， it fails as art D .13) The book that I bought A the day before B yesterday is costed C me twenty and a half yuan D .注除此之外，某些詞如反身代詞和相互代詞以及ING和不定式不能作為被動語態(tài)的主語；某些被動語態(tài)沒有相應(yīng)的主動語態(tài)如“I was born in 1966.”。另外有些ED分詞已失去了被動的含義，它們和主語及“be”一起構(gòu)成了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如：b

49、e interested in, be concerned about, be based upon, be qualified for, be surprised at 等。穿著某種顏色的衣服一般說“be dressed in”，而不說“dress black clothes”， 但可以說“wear black clothes”。這些請大家在復(fù)習(xí)過程中也應(yīng)加以注意。七、例題解析1) C為正確答案。我們不清楚是誰印的“彩色海報(bào)”。2) B錯(cuò)，改為is divided。具體是誰把它分成兩三個(gè)分支，我們并不知道。3) B對。其實(shí)演奏小鼓的應(yīng)是軍樂隊(duì)的人，但我們沒必要提出來。4) B為正確答案?！拔?/p>

50、”或“他人”需要“你”做證人，但“我”或“他人”沒必要指出來，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“需要”動作的承受者，而不是動作的使動者，所以用被動語態(tài)。5) B錯(cuò)，改為can be made easily。制這種cottage cheese(酪農(nóng)干酪)的人是家庭主婦或是做飯的人，這里我們也沒必要指出。6) D對。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“交響樂中樂隊(duì)隊(duì)員的座位”是由指揮來安排的。這里不強(qiáng)調(diào)指揮，所以用被動語態(tài)。7) A錯(cuò)。改為was hit。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“橋”被撞壞后的情況，所以用被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是“beED分詞”，而不是“ING”分詞，所以A錯(cuò)。如果只表述“撞”這件事，那就不用被動語態(tài)。8) D為正確答案。這里不選

51、B就是因?yàn)間etED分詞是慣用法。假設(shè)在沒有D的情況下是可以選B的。9) C為正確答案。我們需要說明的是句末的“you would get drunk”是慣用法，同時(shí)也是虛擬語氣。那么虛擬式中的條件句應(yīng)該用“be動詞原形”表示將來，所以選C(關(guān)于虛擬語氣將在下一章講述)。10) B為正確答案。這里的“穿起來舒服”是人穿起來舒服，那么鞋只能是被穿，但如果有上述系動詞作謂語，英語習(xí)慣上用主動表示被動。11) C錯(cuò)。改為tastes?！傲妓幙嗫凇钡摹八帯笔潜蝗顺缘?，但英語在由taste做謂語時(shí)也用主動語態(tài)表示被動。12) B錯(cuò)。 改為lacks，因?yàn)閘ack沒有被動語態(tài)。13) C錯(cuò)。改為costs

52、。III 不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)1) When overall exports A exceed imports B ， a country said C to have a trade D surplus.2) Are all telephone numbers in the directory?A listB listedC listingD being listed二、一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)3) The first zoological garden A in the United States B had estabilshed C in hiladelphia i

53、n 1874 D .4) luto， the outermost planet of the solar system， photographically in arch 1930.A discoveredB was discoveredC by discoveryD when discovered三、一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)5) My pictures until next week.A wont developB arent developingC dont developD wont be developed6) Upon your graduation from school, how w

54、ell will you for the job that lies ahead?A prepareB preparedC be preparedD are prepared四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)7) Farm animals A have been regardless B by nearly all societies as a valuable C economic resource D .8) How many wounded A soldiers are left out B there who havent operated C on D yet?五、過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)9) E

55、xperiments in the photography of moving objects in both the nited tates and Europe well before 1900.A have been conductingB were conductingC had been conductedD being conducted10) Gregory told Mary that he what he was doing during the vacation.A had just been askedB had just askedC was just askedD just asked六、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)11) The advantages of computerized typing A and editing B are now being extending C to all the written D languages of the wo