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1、英語(yǔ)句子成分的認(rèn)識(shí)和劃分句子是由一個(gè)個(gè)不同類別的詞構(gòu)成的,所以,首先得認(rèn)識(shí)英語(yǔ)的詞類,見(jiàn)下表: 分 類漢語(yǔ)名稱英語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě)定 義例 詞實(shí) 詞(有實(shí)義)1. 名詞n.表示人、事物和抽象概念等的詞。girl, Tom, milk, health2. 代詞pron.代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)和句子的詞。I, it, her, my, yours, myself, this, who, something, everybody3. 形容詞adj.用來(lái)描寫(xiě)或修飾名詞(代詞)的詞。good, interesting, hard-working,4. 數(shù)詞num.表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞。one, two,
2、first, second5. 動(dòng)詞v.表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。like, know, am, is1)及物動(dòng)詞 vt.可以帶賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。open, eat2)不及物動(dòng)詞vi.不可以帶賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。walk, stop3)連系動(dòng)詞link v.表示謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞,后須接表語(yǔ)。be, are, look, sound, seem, become, get4)助動(dòng)詞aux v.本身無(wú)意義,不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)的詞。do, be, have, shall, will, did, would5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modal v. 詞義不完全,不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。should, can may
3、, must, could, might, need, have to6)不定式形式為“to do”的動(dòng)詞。to study, to be7)動(dòng)名詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變來(lái),形式為“doing”,相當(dāng)于名詞的詞。swimming , cooking8)分 詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變來(lái),表示動(dòng)作進(jìn)行或完成或被動(dòng)意義的詞。coming, left, broken現(xiàn)在分詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變來(lái),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,形式為“doing”的詞。watching, running過(guò)去分詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變來(lái),表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或被動(dòng)意義的詞。worked, forgotten9)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一種固定詞組,由動(dòng)詞加副詞或介詞等構(gòu)成。take off
4、, care for6. 副詞adv.用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞以及全句的詞,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)程方式等概念。fortunately, here, away, just, well, back虛 詞(沒(méi)有實(shí)義)7. 冠詞art.置于名詞之前、說(shuō)明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)存在。a, an, the8. 介詞prep.是一種虛詞,一般置于名詞之前,表示它后面的名詞或詞組與其它句子成分的關(guān)系。In, after, for, from, except, with9. 連詞conj.連接單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的一種虛詞,不但獨(dú)作句子成分,一般不重讀。and, or, but, for, whe
5、ther, if, although because, however10. 感嘆詞int.表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等感情或情緒的一種虛詞,沒(méi)有一定實(shí)義。ah, oh, alas(啊呀), aha(啊哈)wow(哇)認(rèn)識(shí)句子的成分為了掌握句子構(gòu)成的規(guī)律,把句子(這里指簡(jiǎn)單句)中的一個(gè)詞或一群詞,按照其功能的不同,而分解為不同的層次,就是句子的成分。一般有八種成分:Li Lei, my best friend, found the book very interesting. 主語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)The colorful flowers are beautiful. 定語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)快速記憶:主、
6、謂、表、賓,補(bǔ)、定、同、狀各句子成分的概念以及充當(dāng)詞一、主語(yǔ) subject概念:表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。充當(dāng)詞:1. 名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ):A clock has three hands. 時(shí)鐘有三根指針。2. 代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ):She often goes to the movies. 她常去看電影。3. 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ):Three is enough. 三個(gè)就夠了。4. 名詞化的形容詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ):Old and young watched TV together. 老少一起看電視。5. 副詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ):Now is the time. 現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候了。6. 名詞化的介詞作主語(yǔ):The up
7、s and downs of life may happen to everyone. 人人都可能經(jīng)歷人生之沉浮。7. 不定式作主語(yǔ):To see him again was nice. / It was nice to see him again. 能再次見(jiàn)到他,很愉快。8. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ):Smoking is bad for your health. 吸煙有害健康。9. 名詞化的過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ):The disabled need our help. 殘疾人需要我們的幫助。10. 介詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ):To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很遠(yuǎn)。11. 從句作主語(yǔ),即主語(yǔ)
8、從句: What he says sounds interesting. 他說(shuō)的話聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣。 Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你無(wú)論什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好都行。二、謂語(yǔ) predicate概念:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。充當(dāng)詞:1. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ):He works hard everyday day. 他每天辛苦地工作。2. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ):The plane took off at ten oclock. 飛機(jī)是十點(diǎn)鐘起飛的。3. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主要?jiǎng)釉~)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ):1)I am reading. 我在看書(shū)。(由助
9、動(dòng)詞am和現(xiàn)在分詞reading構(gòu)成) 2)I dont know. 我不知道。(由助動(dòng)詞do的否定式和動(dòng)詞原形know構(gòu)成) 3)He can speak three languages. 他會(huì)講三種語(yǔ)言。(由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和動(dòng)詞原形speak構(gòu)成) 4) He has been skating for three hours. 他已經(jīng)滑冰三個(gè)小時(shí)了。(由助動(dòng)詞has been和現(xiàn)在分詞skating構(gòu)成) 5)We were beaten by their team. 我們被他們隊(duì)打敗了。(由助動(dòng)詞were和過(guò)去分詞beaten構(gòu)成) 6)Take a look at that! 看看那個(gè)
10、?。╰ake a look 代替了look) 7)I had a swim yesterday. 昨天我游了一次水。(has a swim代替了swam)三、表語(yǔ) predicative概念:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”,之前須用連系動(dòng)詞。充當(dāng)詞:1. 名詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ):Tom is a student. He will become an engineer. 湯姆是一名學(xué)生。他將當(dāng)一名工程師。2. 代詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ):Who is it? Its me. 哪位?是我。 This skirt is hers. 這條裙子是她的。 3. 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ):I am fourteen. 我14歲。4. 形容詞
11、作表語(yǔ):Are you busy? 你忙嗎? My dream will come true. 我的夢(mèng)想會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。(come 這里做連系動(dòng)詞)He fell sick. 他病了。(fall, 過(guò)去式fell, 作連系動(dòng)詞,還常后接asleep, short, ill, silent)Food often goes bad in summer. 夏天食物常變質(zhì)。 (go作為連系動(dòng)詞,后面常接mad, hungry, wrong, blind等) Keep fit. 保重。 (keep 作為連系動(dòng)詞,后面常接quiet, calm, cool, well, warm, silent, clean,
12、dry等)5. 副詞用作表語(yǔ):Are you there? 你聽(tīng)著嗎?(電話用語(yǔ)) Li Lei isnt in. 李磊不在家。 Class is over. 上課結(jié)束了。6. 不定式作表語(yǔ):My dream is to travel around the world. 我的理想是環(huán)游世界。 He seemed to be mad. 他好像瘋了。 7. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ):His favorite sport is swimming. 他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。8. 分詞作表語(yǔ): The movie is exciting. 這部電影很令人興奮。(exciting 是現(xiàn)在分詞) We got so ex
13、cited when we heard the news. 我們聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息興奮不已。(excited 是過(guò)去分詞)9. 介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ):She is in good health. 她很健康。 The show is from seven to ten. 演出時(shí)間為7點(diǎn)至10點(diǎn)。 We were at home last night. 昨晚我們?cè)诩摇?0. 從句用作表語(yǔ),即表語(yǔ)從句: The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working. 好消息是,我的數(shù)學(xué)老師說(shuō)我很勤奮。 Is that why you were ang
14、ry? 那就是你發(fā)怒的原因嗎? That is what he means. 這就是他的意思。 This is where I first met her. 這就是我初次與她會(huì)面的地方。四、賓語(yǔ) object概念:表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或有些形容詞后面能夠接賓語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)詞:1. 名詞作賓語(yǔ):Can I ask some questions? 我能問(wèn)些問(wèn)題嗎?2. 代詞作賓語(yǔ):They wont hurt us. 他們不會(huì)傷害我們。 I am for you. 我支持你。(you 作介詞for 的賓語(yǔ))3. 數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ):If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5
15、加5得10。4. 名詞化的形容詞作賓語(yǔ):He often helps the poor. 他常常幫助窮人。5. 副詞作賓語(yǔ):He left there last week. 他上個(gè)星期離開(kāi)那里。6. 不定式作賓語(yǔ):Remember to lock the door. 記著鎖門(mén)。 I am able to drive a car. 我會(huì)開(kāi)車。(able是形容詞) Its sure to rain. 肯定要下雨了。(sure 形容詞。形容詞的賓語(yǔ)多為不定式)7. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ):He stopped smoking last week. 他上星期戒煙了。8. 從句用作賓語(yǔ),即賓語(yǔ)從句: He sai
16、d that he would go to college in the future. 他說(shuō)他將來(lái)要上大學(xué)。 Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思嗎? I wondered how old he was. 我想知道他有多大年紀(jì)。 9. 句子用作賓語(yǔ):He said, “Youre quite wrong.” 他說(shuō)道,“你全錯(cuò)了?!彪p賓語(yǔ):1. 英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞需要兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)一般指作的承受者;間接賓語(yǔ)一般指動(dòng)作所向的或所為的人或物(多指人)。My mother gave me some money. 我媽媽給了我一些錢。 間接賓語(yǔ)
17、 直接賓語(yǔ) 雙 賓 語(yǔ)2. 由于種種原因,間接賓語(yǔ)可放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后,但其前面一般須用介詞to 或者for。My mother gave some money to me. 直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)My mother bought me a coat. = My mother bought a coat for me. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)我媽媽給我買了一件外套。3. 如果兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是代詞,間接賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后。 Give it to me. 把他給我。(不能說(shuō) Give me it.) 直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)五、補(bǔ)語(yǔ) complement概念:補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的意義的句子成分
18、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)充當(dāng)詞:1. 形容詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。(補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)I 之前) The man, tall and strong, is Toms father. 那個(gè)人又高又壯,是湯姆的父親。 (補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)The man 之后) He was found dead. ( 在被動(dòng)句中,補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)之后)2. 名詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):She was called Lucy. 她名叫路露西。3. 不定式短語(yǔ):He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看見(jiàn)他上樓去了。(被動(dòng)句
19、中,不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))4. 分詞短語(yǔ):He came home quite changed. 他回到家時(shí)已完全變了。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))5. 介詞短語(yǔ):Even as a young boy, he played the piano very well. 早在少年時(shí)代,他就彈得一手好鋼琴。6. 從句作補(bǔ)語(yǔ):People are just born what color they are. 人們的膚色是天生的。二)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)充當(dāng)詞:1. 名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):They named the child Jimmy. 他們將孩子命名為吉米。2. 名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):My mother l
20、ooks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母親面很嫩, 你會(huì)認(rèn)為她說(shuō)是我的姐姐。3. 形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I found the book very interesting. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書(shū)很有趣。4. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):My mother wants me to go to bed early. 我媽媽要我早睡覺(jué)。 Tom is ill. Let us go and see him. 湯姆病了,我們?nèi)タ纯窗伞?. 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我把這個(gè)叫做拆東
21、墻補(bǔ)西墻。6. 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I have guests coming. 我有客人要來(lái)。(現(xiàn)在分詞) I am going to have my hair cut. 我打算去理發(fā)。(過(guò)去分詞) 7. 介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I found everything in good condition. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)一切情況都很好。六、定語(yǔ) attribute概念:用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的句子成分。充當(dāng)詞:1. 形容詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ):Shes an excellent student. 她是名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。(一般放前面) He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是最好的在世的
22、小提琴手了。(有些表語(yǔ)性質(zhì)的形容詞,像alive , afraid等放后面) There is nothing wrong. 沒(méi)有什么不對(duì)的。 He found something strange. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)了某種奇怪的東西。 (當(dāng)被修飾的詞是不定代詞時(shí),形容詞須放在后面 或后置)2. 名詞作定語(yǔ):a baby girl 女?huà)?sports car 跑車 a woman teacher 女教師3. 代詞作定語(yǔ):Your hair needs cutting. 你該理發(fā)了。(形容詞性物主代詞) He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一個(gè)朋友。(of 加名詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成屬格)4.
23、 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ):Peel three bananas. 削三個(gè)香蕉。(基數(shù)詞) The second question is difficult. 第二個(gè)問(wèn)題難。(序數(shù)詞) 有時(shí)候基數(shù)詞用作定語(yǔ)可后置:page 24 第24頁(yè) Room 201 201房間 the year 1949 1949年5. 副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置:the room above 樓上的房間 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日6. 不定式(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)后置:I have lots of homework to finish. (不定式)我有很多家作要完成。 My
24、dream to travel around the world will come true. 我周游世界的夢(mèng)想是會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。(不定式短語(yǔ)) Its time for us to go. 我們?cè)撟吡?。(不定式?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))7. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ):a walking stick 手杖 learning method 學(xué)習(xí)方法8. 分詞作定語(yǔ):a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 (現(xiàn)在分詞) a retired worker 一個(gè)退休工人 (過(guò)去分詞)9. 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)后置:This is a map of China. 這是一幅中國(guó)地圖。 The man in the classroom
25、 is our teacher. 教室里的那位先生是我們老師。10. 從句作定語(yǔ),即定語(yǔ)從句: There are many famous predictions that never came true. 有很多有名的預(yù)測(cè),從來(lái)都沒(méi)有變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句) The woman who is wearing a red coat is my mother. 穿紅外套的婦女死我的媽媽。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句) This is the place where he was born. 這就是他出生的地方。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句) She said I was lazy, which isnt true.
26、 她說(shuō)我很懶,事實(shí)上不是這樣。 (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) 特殊:含有of的量詞短語(yǔ)放名詞前面 He gave me a cup of tea.他給了我一杯茶。七、同位語(yǔ) appositive概念:當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同一位置時(shí),一個(gè)句子成分可被用來(lái)說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位語(yǔ)。這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。同位語(yǔ)通常放在其所說(shuō)明的名詞(代詞)之后。充當(dāng)詞:1. 名詞作同位語(yǔ)是大量的:We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我們有兩個(gè)孩子,一男一女。 We, the Chinese people, are building C
27、hina a strong and rich country. 我們中國(guó)人民正將中國(guó)建成一個(gè)富強(qiáng)的國(guó)家。 My friend Wang Min is from Hunan. 我的朋友王敏是湖南人。2. 代詞作同位語(yǔ):They all wanted to see him. 他們都想見(jiàn)他。3. 數(shù)詞作同位語(yǔ):Are you two ready? 你們倆準(zhǔn)備好了嗎? They two went, we three stayed behind. 他們倆去了,我們仨留了下來(lái)。4. 不定式短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ):Yang Liweis dream, to become an astronaut , has come
28、 true. 楊利偉當(dāng)宇航員的理想,已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 5. 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ):His wish, building a hope primary school, will come true soon. 他的愿望修建一所希望小學(xué),很快就要實(shí)現(xiàn)了。6. of短語(yǔ)用作同位語(yǔ):the city of Chongqing 重慶市 7. 從句作同位語(yǔ),即同位語(yǔ)從句: The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不是真的。特殊:1. 同位語(yǔ)有時(shí)被其它詞隔開(kāi):The tickets cost five dollars e
29、ach. 這票每張5美元。2. 同位語(yǔ)有時(shí)放在其所說(shuō)明的名詞之前:Comrade Li 李同志 Professor Smith 史密斯教授 my friend Li Lei 我的朋友李磊八、狀語(yǔ) adverbial 概念:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成分,一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義。充當(dāng)詞:1. 副詞最常用作狀語(yǔ),位置比較靈活:He studies English well. 他英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好。 I get up early. 我起得早。(置于句末) Fortunately, Yang Leis mother agreed with her decision. 幸
30、運(yùn)的是,楊蕾的媽媽同意了她的決定。(置于句首) I always help her. 我總幫她。 She is often late. 她經(jīng)常遲到。 (置于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞后) They have already left here. 他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了 。(置于助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間) This story is very interesting 這個(gè)故事很有趣。(副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞,前置) She did the work quite well. 那工作他做的相當(dāng)好。 (副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾另一副詞,前置) 但副詞enough作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)須后置; Is the room big enough f
31、or a party? 這個(gè)房間容得下一個(gè)晚會(huì)嗎?(enough 后置,修飾形容詞big。) He didnt run quickly enough to catch the bus. 他跑得不夠快,沒(méi)趕上那班公交車。(enough后置,修飾副詞quickly)2. 名詞作狀狀語(yǔ),多置于句末: Wait a moment. 等一會(huì)兒。 The Party teaches us to serve the people heart and soul. 黨教導(dǎo)我們要全心全意為人民服務(wù)。3. 一些指示代詞、不定代詞可以作狀語(yǔ),置于被修飾詞之前: I cant eat that much. 我可吃不了那
32、么多。There are some thirty people there. 那里大約由30人。4. 數(shù)詞作狀語(yǔ),置后: I hate riding two on a bike. 我不喜歡兩個(gè)人騎一輛自行車。5. 某些形容詞有時(shí)可做狀語(yǔ),置前: white hot 白熱化的 dead tired 累極6. 不定式作狀語(yǔ),多置于句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可置句首: After long walking, we stopped to have a rest. 走了很長(zhǎng)的路后,我們停下來(lái)休息一下。(表目的的狀語(yǔ),在句末) To learn English well, he watches TV little. 為
33、了學(xué)好英語(yǔ),他幾乎不看電視。 (為了強(qiáng)調(diào)置于句首,表目的的狀語(yǔ))7. 分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 多置于句首或句末,有時(shí)也置于句中: Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone. 到了車站,我們獲悉火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。 I began to get the shakes just thinking about the test. 我一想到考試,就心驚膽戰(zhàn)。8. 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),多置于句末和句首,有時(shí)也置于句中: I skated for four hours. 我滑冰4小時(shí)。 At the moment hes ou
34、t of work. 目前他沒(méi)有工作。 Where on earth is my watch? 我的表到底在哪兒呀?9. 從句作狀語(yǔ), 放句首或句末: We talked as we walked. 我們邊走邊談。 If you work hard, youll get good grades. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績(jī)。 When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 每逢下雨,我通常乘公共汽車上學(xué)。 狀語(yǔ)的分類:一般狀語(yǔ)和句子狀語(yǔ)一、一般狀語(yǔ),修飾句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等句子成分,有分: 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),多位于句末和句首,有時(shí)放句中。Sha
35、ll we do the shopping today or tomorrow? 我們是今天還是明天出去買東西呀?After school, he plays basketball. 放學(xué)后,他打籃球。He is now coking super. 他現(xiàn)正做飯。He usually leaves home before eight oclock. 他通常于8點(diǎn)鐘前離家。 2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),多位于句末,有時(shí)位于句首或句中:There are plenty of fish in the sea. 海里有許多魚(yú)。Are you going to the station? 你要去火車站嗎?Here we
36、 are. 我們到了。In China, many students like to wear jeans. 在中國(guó),許多學(xué)生喜歡穿牛仔褲。Signs were everywhere numerous. 到處有許多招牌。 3. 方面狀語(yǔ),多置于句首或句尾:He is quick in action. 他行動(dòng)敏捷。Are you sure about the arrival time? 你肯定知道到站的時(shí)間嗎?So far as I am concerned, you can do what you like. 就我而論,你可以自行其事。 4. 原因狀語(yǔ),包括表示理由的狀語(yǔ),多置于句首,有時(shí)也可
37、置于句末:He did it out of curiosity. 他做此事處于好奇。She didnt come to school because of illness. 由于生病,他沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)。Tom lost his job because he was ill. 或 Because he was ill, Tom lost his job. 湯姆由于生病而失去了工作。Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。The mother was very glad to see her child again. 這位母親再次見(jiàn)到自己的孩子,非常高興。 5. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),多由不定式、分詞和從
38、句表示,常位于句末: The boy fell from the tree to break his leg. 那個(gè)男孩從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái),摔斷了腿。 He talked loudly in class, influencing the lesson. 他在課堂大聲講話,影響了上課。 The box is so heavy that I cant move it. 這個(gè)箱子很重,我搬不動(dòng)。 6. 目的狀語(yǔ),多由不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句表示,常位于句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)位于句首:We are studying for the test. 我們正為考試復(fù)習(xí)。 My friend came to see me. 我的
39、朋友來(lái)看我。 In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. 為了考入一個(gè)好的學(xué)校,我必須更加用功。 He gets up very early every day in order that he can get to school in time. ( 結(jié)果從句) 他每天起床很早,目的是為了及時(shí)趕到學(xué)校。 7. 條件狀語(yǔ),多由短語(yǔ)和從句表示,常置于句首或句末: Well be lucky to get there before dark. 我們?nèi)缒茉谔旌谝郧暗侥抢锞秃苄疫\(yùn)了。If it doesnt rain to
40、morrow, well go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我們要去搞野餐。 8. 讓步狀語(yǔ),常有短語(yǔ)和從句表示:They worked in the field in spite of rain. 盡管下雨,他們?nèi)栽诘乩飫趧?dòng)。Despite the difficulties, they finished the job. 盡管困難重重,他們還是完成了工作。He helped me although ( though ) he didnt know me. 他雖然并不認(rèn)識(shí)我,但卻幫助了我。 9. 程度狀語(yǔ),常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及從句等表示。單詞多置于所修飾的句子成分之前,有時(shí)之后
41、;短語(yǔ)和從句一般都置于其所修飾的句子成分之后: The story was not very interesting. 這個(gè)故事不很有趣。 He isnt old enough to go to school. 他不到上學(xué)的年齡。 He likes reading very much. At that time pop singers were not known to the degree that they are today. 那時(shí)流行歌手并不像今天這樣為人所知。 10. 方式狀語(yǔ),常由副詞、短語(yǔ)、從句等表示。多位于句末,也可置于句首或句中。方式狀語(yǔ)表示方式、手段、比較、使用工具等。 T
42、he students are listening to the teacher carefully. 學(xué)生們正認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)老師講課。 Dont look at me like that! 不要那樣看人! We write with pens. 我們用鋼筆寫(xiě)字。 You look as if you need a rest. 你看來(lái)好像要休息。 He is taller than me. 他個(gè)子比我高。 He worked carefully, as an expert works. 他干得很謹(jǐn)慎,就像一個(gè)專家一樣。 11. 伴隨情況狀語(yǔ),常由短語(yǔ)表示,多位于句末和句首。 My train sta
43、rts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. 我的火車6時(shí)出發(fā),10時(shí)到達(dá)芝加哥。 He stood there, looking around him. 他站在那里,往四周觀望。 二、句子狀語(yǔ),是修飾或連接句子的狀語(yǔ),分兩種:1. 說(shuō)明或評(píng)說(shuō)全句的;2. 連接句子的。 1. 說(shuō)明或評(píng)說(shuō)性狀語(yǔ)多放在句首或句中,有時(shí)也放在句末,用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 Frankly, I don like it. 坦白地說(shuō),我不喜歡它。 Of course I remember you. 我當(dāng)然記得你。 Can you simply show us and not try to expl
44、ain it? (放動(dòng)詞前) 你可以只給我們看看而不必進(jìn)行解說(shuō)嗎? She is never angry. 她從不生氣。 I hardly know him. 我?guī)缀醪徽J(rèn)識(shí)他。 Who on earth took my book? 究竟是誰(shuí)拿了我的書(shū)? What in the world happened? 到底出了什么事? 2. 連接性狀語(yǔ)一般置于句首: He said he was certain. However he was wrong. 他說(shuō)他很肯定。然而他錯(cuò)了。 Knowledge is power. So we should study hard. 知識(shí)就是力量。因此我們應(yīng)當(dāng)刻苦
45、學(xué)習(xí)。In that case some one else will come. 如是這樣,會(huì)有人來(lái)的。She says we could use her car, and whats more, shell pay for the petrol. 她說(shuō)我們可以用她的車,而且還愿付汽油費(fèi)。簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 成分公式主語(yǔ)S謂語(yǔ)部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 V表語(yǔ) P賓語(yǔ) O賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)OC1. S + VWeexcercse.(不及物動(dòng)詞)2. S + V + OI like(及物動(dòng)詞)bananas.3. S + V + PTheyare(連系動(dòng)詞)students.4. S+V+INO+DOShegave
46、(及物動(dòng)詞)me a pen (間賓) (直賓)5.S+V+O+OCHemade (及物動(dòng)詞)the boy laugh. 跟著學(xué)劃句子成分1. We work. We work. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)2. We are working. We are working. 謂語(yǔ)3. She is a student. She is a student. 謂語(yǔ)4. Li lei is a student. Li lei is a student. 主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)5. He gets bored. He gets bored. 連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)6. She became angry. He became
47、angry. 連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)7. My mother became angry. My mother became angry. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)8. Is he sleeping? Is she sleeping? 謂語(yǔ)9. He will come soon. He will come soon. 謂語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)10. She can speak five languages. She can speak five languages. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)11. To learn English well is difficult. To learn English well is diffic
48、ult. 主語(yǔ)12. It is difficult to learn English well. It is difficult to learn English well. 形式主語(yǔ) 真正主語(yǔ)13. It takes me half an hour to get to school on foot. It takes me half an hour to get to school on foot 形式主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 真正主語(yǔ)14. What he says sounds interesting. What he says sounds interesting. 主語(yǔ)從句
49、連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)15. My teacher is funny. He often makes us students laugh. My teacher is funny. He often makes us students laugh. 狀語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 16. The mother let his son clean the house. The mother let his son clean the house. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)17. My parents want me to get up early. My parents want me to get up early. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)18. This can make
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