醫(yī)學英語詞根最終打印版

1、1人體主要器官前綴名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 常用形容詞示例心 heart cardiao - cardial cardium/ carditis/ cardiology腦 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/ encephalitis/ encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/ pulmonectomy/ pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/ hepatobiliary/ hepatology胃 stomach gastro- gastric gast

2、ritis/ gastrointestinal/ gastrology膽 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/ cholinergic/ cholecystectomy腸 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/ enterectomy/ enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/ splenectomy/ splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/ pancreatectomy腎 kidney n

3、ephro- renal/ nephric nephritis/ nephropathy/ nephrology與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關的前（后）綴名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/ hemoglobin/ hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/ cardiovasology/ verebrovascular靜脈 vein veno- venography/ intravenous/ venoconstriction動脈 artery arterio- arteriology/ arteriole/ ar

4、teriosclerosis肌 muscle myo- mycology/ myositis/ myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/ myelitis/ myeloma神經 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/ neuritis/ neuron細胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/ cytoma/ leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/ urosurgery/ urogenital體 body somato-/some somatology/ somatopsychic/

5、chromosome3與數(shù)字有關的前綴數(shù)字 前綴 示例一（單） mono-/uni- monomer/ monoclone/ carbon monoxide/ unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/ biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三 tri- trilateral/ triphasic/ trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/ tetracycline/ tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/ pentachromic/ pentachloride六 hexa- hexachrom

6、ic/ benzene hexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund七 hepta- heptachromic/ heptaploid/ heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/ octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/ nonagon十 deca- d ecade/ decagram/ decaliter注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素）， octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4顏色及與顏色有關的

7、前綴顏色 通用名 前綴 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/ chromatin/ chromatometer紅 red erythro- erythrocyte/ erythrocyturia/ erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/ leukemia/ leukocytuira黑 black melano- melena/ melanoma/ melanoderma黃 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/ xanthosis/ xanthoma綠 green棕 brown brown mixture/

8、brown ring橙 orange Victoria orange/ ethyl orange/ orange G粉紅 pink oink frothy sputum緋紅 crimson青銅 bronzed bronzed diabetes藍 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/ cyanopsia/ cyanemia紫 violet/ purple注：有些病名的“藍”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(1)含義 前（后）綴 形容詞 示例病 patho- pathogen/ pathology/ pathogenesis/-path

9、y -pathic neuropathy/ nephropathy/ adenopathy病態(tài) -osis otic neurosis/ tuberculosis/ schistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytosis減少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytopenia無 a-/an- atypical/ anuria/ agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/ platelet/ leaflet micro-

10、 microscopy/ microorganism/ micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/ macronucleus/ macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/ acromegaly/ hepatomegaly復合/多 poly- polyuria/ polymer/ polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/ panmyelosis/ pandemic6與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(2)含義 前（后）綴 示例相反 dis- disease/ disorder/ disability困難/障礙 dys- dysfun

11、ction/ dyspepsia/ dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/ malnutrition/ malpractice炎癥 -itis appendicitis/ bronchitis/ arthritis瘤/塊 -oma lymphoma/ adenoma/ hematoma血癥 -emia leukemia/ septisemia/ bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/ hypoalgesia/ algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/ pamplegia/ myoplegia流出

12、-rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea壞死 -necrosis /necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ necrospermia結石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes7與方位有關的前綴含義 通用詞 前綴 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/ epithelium/ supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/ subclavicular/

13、 subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- /pre- forehead/ anteroposterior/ precirrhosis后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/ postprandial/ retrocardiac內 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/ endoscopy/ entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/ excretion/ exocardial間 between inter

14、- intermuscular/ intercostal/ intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/ paraprotein/ pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/ pericarditis/ peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- /centro- centrifugation/ centralize/ centronucleus反/對 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/ countershock/ contraindic

15、ation注： in vivo/invaivou/活體內; in vitro/in vaitrou/活體外或試管內； in situ/insaitju:/原位8與外科手術有關的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/ gastrectomy/ splenectomy切開 -tomy tracheotomy/ hysterotomy/ craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/ thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/ gastroesophagostomy成形術 -plasty trache

16、oplasty/ osteoplasty/ myoplasty整（矯）形 ortho- orthopedics/ orthopod/ orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/ nephrography/ phlebography經 trans- transdominal/ translateral/ transurethral注： ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸） -graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如

17、：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9與化學品有關的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例酸鹽 ate sulfate/ nitrate/ acetate醇 -ol alcohol/ propanol/ taxol醛 -al retinal/ methylal/ propanal酮 -one acetone/ progesterone/ ketone糖 glyco- glycogenolysis saccharo- saccharomyces -saccharide polysaccharide酶 -ase reductase/ transminase/ kinase素 -in peni

18、cillin/ heparin/ nuclein原 -gen allogen/ antigen/ glycogen苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/ phenate/ phenetidin氨基 amino- aminobenzene/ aminopherase/ aminopyrine10與“作用”有關的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例殺 -cide/-cidal insecticide/ pesticide/ bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/ virostatic/ tuberculostatic驅逐 -fuge fe

19、brifuge/ centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/ antimycotic/ antimutagen去/脫/除 de- dehydroprednisone/ detergent/ desensitization回/再/復 re- reabsorb/ reactivation/ recombinant冷凍 cryo- cryobiology/ cryopreservation/ cryoprotectant否/去/分離 dis- disinfection/ dissociate/ dissection向后/退行 retro- retrograde/ retrostern

20、al/ retrocardiacSuffixMeaningExample-acpertaining to 屬于，關于cardiac: pertaining to the heart心臟（病）的-alpertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的-arypertaining to belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia睫毛的,纖毛的,毛狀的-aseenzyme 酶amylase: any e

21、nzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-clesmallness小,少,貧乏,小氣follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小囊,(頭發(fā)的)毛囊-ean instrument 儀器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (檢查耳朵用的)耳鏡-ealpertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-iacondition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐懼，害怕-icpert

22、aining to toxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 兒科學-ine/insubstance 物質insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰島素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking

23、of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who specializes in 精通于的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 藥理專家-itisinflammation refers to a part in部位的炎癥 rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)umrelation to a whole; related to 與相關endometrium: inner lining o

24、f the uter子宮內膜-ivecharacterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳藥-lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an actiondevelopment: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature-oidresembling; like像mucoid: resembling mucus粘液樣的-olelittle

25、; smallcentriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome細胞中心粒；中心體-omatumor; swelling refers to a doerdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮膚纖維瘤-or/-ereither a person or thingreceptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受體-orycharacterized by; pertaining

26、 to suspensory: which is hanging down懸吊式，懸?guī)?osesugarfructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ouspertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome: the body

27、of nucleic acid核糖體-umstructure; thing; substance結構，物質magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 鎂（金屬元素）-ycondition; act; processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 營養(yǎng)不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffixMeaning Example-algiapain;

28、painful; conditionarthralgia: pain in a joint 關節(jié)痛-aseenzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人類胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚細胞，原始血細胞-carcinomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相關組織的惡性腫瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion;

29、distention突出；膨脹，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesissurgical puncture 手術穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺術-capniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide: (substance) which can kill germs

30、殺菌劑-clastcellphagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌細胞-dyniapainglossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasisexpansion; dilation(膨脹，擴張)atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不張-ectomysurgical excision or removal of gastrect

31、omy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除術-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid 水腫myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水腫-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in t

32、he blood 白血病-emesisvomiting 嘔吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced or prouducespathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原體-genesisproduction 生產spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子發(fā)生-globinprotein蛋白質hemoglo

33、bin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血紅素-gnosisknowledgediagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination -gramimage; pictureelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used

34、in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心電圖-graph(y)process of recording記錄過程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心電圖記錄-iasiscondition; state情況，狀況cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 膽石癥-iatry/-iatricshealing,

35、 frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康復，常指醫(yī)學的一個分支podiatry: treatment of foot disorders足部醫(yī)療-lithstonecholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 膽結石-logythe study of cytology: the science study of cells 細胞學-logistone who studies and treatsurologist: a physician who specializes in

36、the practice of urology 泌尿科醫(yī)生-lysisbreakdown, destructionhemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malaciasofteningosteomalacia: softening of bone 骨軟化-maniaextreme compulsion or preoccupation強迫癥kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盜竊

37、癖-megalygiantacromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大癥-metry/-metermeasurementspirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量測定(法),呼吸量測定(法)-odyniapaincardiodynia: pain in the

38、 heart region 心痛，胸痛-onehormone荷爾蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲狀旁腺激素-opiaa defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近視-opsyto viewbiopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活檢-osismorbid condition病態(tài)的sclerosis: abnormal harde

39、ning 硬化癥-osmiasmellanosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅覺喪失-ostomyprocess of making an opening into or a connection between造瘺gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口術-oxialevel of oxygen氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in b

40、ody tissues組織缺氧-pathydisease; diseased conditionophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病-peniadeficiencyleukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白細胞減少癥-pepsiadigestioneupepsia: good digestion 消化良好-pexya fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 縫合固定hepatopexy: surgical fixa

41、tion of a displace liver肝固定術-phagia/phagyeating; swallowing 吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困難-philattraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜堿性粒細胞-phobiafearxenophobia: irrational fear of strangers對外國人的恐懼，憎惡-plasiaformation; developmenthyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，數(shù)量型肥大-phoniavoicedysphonia: difficulty in speaking發(fā)聲困難-plasmformation; growth or substance of formationcytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell細胞漿-plastysurgical re