國(guó)人撰寫(xiě)SCI醫(yī)學(xué)論文和投稿注意事項(xiàng)

1、國(guó)人撰寫(xiě)SCI醫(yī)學(xué)論文和投稿注意事項(xiàng) 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志英文版 汪謀岳 好的醫(yī)學(xué)論文的基本要求 有創(chuàng)新 有科學(xué)性 有價(jià)值 符合倫理學(xué)要求 有可讀性 內(nèi)容 語(yǔ)言首先要有好的科研工作 選題好選題好 新穎，有創(chuàng)新新穎，有創(chuàng)新 不一定很復(fù)雜不一定很復(fù)雜 和自己工作結(jié)合起來(lái)和自己工作結(jié)合起來(lái) 根據(jù)自身?xiàng)l件選題根據(jù)自身?xiàng)l件選題 適當(dāng)考慮和他人合作適當(dāng)考慮和他人合作 注重積累注重積累 重視科研設(shè)計(jì) 多做前瞻性研究多做前瞻性研究 隨機(jī)，對(duì)照（隨機(jī)，對(duì)照（RCT），雙盲），雙盲 多中心研究多中心研究 做好觀察性研究做好觀察性研究 觀察資料要細(xì)致觀察資料要細(xì)致重視統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)問(wèn)題 正確使用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法 正確描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 不同資

2、料使用的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法 描述使用的統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件及版本 描述檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)英文摘要 250字左右 目的（背景）、方法、結(jié)果、結(jié)論 目的：列主要目的，不定式短句或過(guò)去時(shí)短句 方法：列主要方法，一般過(guò)去時(shí) 結(jié)果：列主要結(jié)果，數(shù)據(jù)，一般過(guò)去時(shí) 結(jié)論：一句話， 現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去或完成時(shí)從句 引言 需要交待研究的背景 需要交待本文研究目的和意義 需要引用相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn) 字?jǐn)?shù)多一些材料與方法 應(yīng)明確說(shuō)明選擇的觀察或?qū)嶒?yàn)對(duì)象（患者或?qū)嶒?yàn)動(dòng)物，包括對(duì)照） 描述受試者的年齡、性別和其他重要特征，明確研究對(duì)象是如何選擇的。 應(yīng)說(shuō)明研究的地點(diǎn)，以及診斷、納入和剔除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 材料與方法 詳細(xì)介紹研究方法、儀器和操作程序。 使用已有的方法，應(yīng)標(biāo)

3、明參考文獻(xiàn)；對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)表但大家不是很熟悉的方法，不僅要給出參考文獻(xiàn)，還要做簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明；如使用的是新的或經(jīng)過(guò)修改的方法，應(yīng)說(shuō)明使用的原因，并評(píng)價(jià)其局限性。 對(duì)使用的藥物或化學(xué)制品，應(yīng)介紹其通用名稱(chēng)、劑量和使用途徑。材料與方法 第一次描述產(chǎn)品時(shí)，要注明生產(chǎn)廠家名稱(chēng)和所在國(guó)家名稱(chēng) 描述隨機(jī)時(shí)要介紹隨機(jī)的過(guò)程 應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)要介紹所采用的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法、采用的軟件及版本，并注明檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)。 交待試驗(yàn)有無(wú)得到倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)和受試者知情同意材料與方法 材料與方法非常重要，影響結(jié)果和結(jié)論的可信性 不要寫(xiě)的太簡(jiǎn)單 是否交待清楚，只有一個(gè)檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即讀者是否可以重復(fù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果 應(yīng)圍繞研究的主題，用文字、圖表有邏輯地、有層次地列出

4、。 先主要結(jié)果，后次要結(jié)果 能用圖表的盡量用圖表。 圖表所示與文字表述盡量不要重復(fù)。 需要文字對(duì)圖表內(nèi)容概括性描述。結(jié)果 不要隨意剔除不合預(yù)期的結(jié)果 作者有義務(wù)報(bào)告陰性結(jié)果 要重視對(duì)失訪者的追蹤和描述 圖表的說(shuō)明文字要詳細(xì)，提高圖表的自明性關(guān)于表格關(guān)于圖片論文的討論要充分 第一段指出本研究的重要結(jié)果和新發(fā)現(xiàn) 要把本結(jié)果和國(guó)內(nèi)外其他相關(guān)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，指出和其它研究的異同及原因 要指出本研究的不足 最后做小結(jié)和展望寫(xiě)討論的注意事項(xiàng) 不要寫(xiě)成小綜述 不要簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)結(jié)果摘要舉例 BACKGROUND: Integration of palliative care with standard oncolo

5、gic care improves quality of life and survival of lung cancer patients. We surveyed physicians to identify factors influencing their decisions for referral to palliative care.摘要舉例 METHODS: We provided a self-administered questionnaire to physicians caring for lung cancer patients at five medical cen

6、ters. The questionnaire asked about practices and views with respect to palliative care referral. We used multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of low referral rates (25%). RESULTS: Of 155 physicians who returned survey responses, 75 (48%) reported referring 25% of patients for palliat

7、ive care consultation. Multivariate analysis, controlling for provider characteristics, found that low referral rates were associated with physicians concerns that palliative care referral would alarm patients and families odds ratio (OR) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21-0.98, while the belie

8、f that palliative care specialists have more time to discuss complex issues (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.56-6.02) was associated with higher rates of referral.摘要舉例 CONCLUSIONS: Although palliative care consultation is increasingly available and recommended throughout the trajectory of lung cancer, our data in

9、dicate it is underutilized. Understanding factors influencing decisions to refer can be used to improve integration of palliative care as part of lung cancer management 引言舉例The terrorist attack on the world Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (hereafter referred to as 9/11), and its consequent collap

10、se killed 2751 persons, including 343 rescue workers employed by the Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) and exposed thousands of persons to a dense, persistent dust cloud of pulverized building materials and chemical by-products of combustion or pyrolysis.1 The FDNY rescue workers who responded

11、 to the World Trade Center site during the collapse or the subsequent 10-month rescue-and-recovery operations had substantial loss in pulmonary function during the first year after the event, more than 12 times the annual age-associated rate.2 The largest decline was observed among workers who arriv

12、ed at the site on the morning of 9/11, and there were larger declines among firefighters than among emergency medical services (EMS) workers.2 Among non-FDNY rescue workers, volunteers, and residents of lower Manhattan who were exposed to World Trade Center dust, abnormal results on spirometry were

13、common3,4 and persisted during a 3-year follow-up.3 However, health records were not available before 9/11 to determine the extent of new versus preexisting abnormalities. We investigated the longer-term consequences of exposure to World Trade Center dust by characterizing trends in pulmonary functi

14、on during the 7 years after 9/11, as assessed by repeated measures of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) among FDNY rescue workers. 材料與方法舉例 Study Population Spirometric Measurements Other Measures Statistical Analysis 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)舉例We compared individual characteristics between firefighters and EMS

15、workers, according to smoking status and arrival-time group, using Pearsons chi-square test, the MannWhitney test, Students t-test, or analysis of variance, as appropriate. All reported P values are two-sided. We used linear mixed models8,9,10 to estimate weighted average values for FEV1 and percent

16、 of the predicted FEV1 for each 6-month period from March 12, 2000, to September 11, 2008, for all workers and separately for arrival-time groups and for firefighters and EMS workers. We also used the linear mixed models to assess changes during the first 6 and 12 months after 9/11, during the 7 yea

17、rs after 9/11, and during the 6 years between September 12, 2002, and September 11, 2008. We adjusted the FEV1 for age on 9/11, sex, height, and race and adjusted both the FEV1 and the percent of the predicted FEV1 for weight, smoking status, arrival time, and duration of work. The models allowed fo

18、r the acute decrement in spirometric measurements that was previously observed in the first year after 9/11.2 We included all predictors in the models as fixed effects. We used a random intercept to take into account the heterogeneity across subjects and the correlation induced by having repeated ob

19、servations on the same subjects. We performed a similar analysis with the last FEV1 value taken during the final 2 years of follow-up as the outcome but without the random effects. For white workers and black workers, at each 6-month interval, we used marginal logistic-regression models, fit with ge

20、neralized estimating equations,11 to estimate the percentage of FEV1 values that fell below the lower limit of the normal range and the percentage that fell below 70% of the predicted value. Both the linear mixed models and the marginal logistic-regression models take into account that individuals c

21、ould contribute unequal numbers of repeated correlated observations to the analyses over time. All data analyses were performed with the use of SAS software, version 9.1. 結(jié)果舉例 Study Population （列表） Measures of Lung Function 論文的討論 Discussion We identified regions of rare copy-number variation in fami

22、lies with autism and observed an association between a microdeletion on chromosome 16 (and the inherited reciprocal duplication) and autism. 論文的討論 Several limitations of our trial should be mentioned. The vasopressin was infused over a set range of doses, and we did not measure vasopressin levels as

23、 a guide to the dose or the duration of infusion. 論文的討論 In conclusion, our data indicate that a region of chromosome 16p11.2 influences susceptibility to autism when it is either deleted or duplicated. 關(guān)于作者署名 國(guó)際醫(yī)學(xué)期刊編輯委員會(huì)（ICMJE）對(duì)作者身份的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： （1）參與研究的構(gòu)思、設(shè)計(jì)或分析以及資料的解釋?zhuān)唬?）撰寫(xiě)論文或參與重要內(nèi)容的修改；（3）同意最后的修改稿發(fā)表。 要實(shí)事求是，

24、集體決定 要避免爭(zhēng)端，特別是與境外國(guó)外的合作項(xiàng)目，向國(guó)外投稿的時(shí)候關(guān)于作者署名 集體署名 可以署名單位、協(xié)作組等 可以以幾個(gè)主要負(fù)責(zé)人代表某個(gè)協(xié)作組關(guān)于作者署名 國(guó)外做的工作國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)表，要特別注意署名和單位的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) 原則上要署名國(guó)外單位，且須事先經(jīng)過(guò)國(guó)外的知情許可 國(guó)內(nèi)無(wú)關(guān)人員不應(yīng)署名作者關(guān)于作者署名 關(guān)于通訊作者 一般指課題負(fù)責(zé)人 國(guó)內(nèi)期刊主要是為了聯(lián)絡(luò)方便 一般署名一人 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)系列雜志同意不同單位作者可并列通信作者關(guān)于作者署名 關(guān)于并列第一作者 對(duì)與第一作者有同等貢獻(xiàn)者，可署名同等貢獻(xiàn)者 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)系列雜志要求不同單位作者可署名同等貢獻(xiàn)者，同一單位作者不可署名同等貢獻(xiàn)關(guān)于縮寫(xiě) 用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)縮

25、寫(xiě) 在摘要和正文第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，不常用的縮寫(xiě)要先標(biāo)全文 文章不要用太多的縮寫(xiě)關(guān)于論文寫(xiě)作格式 不同期刊有不同格式要求 投稿前要看看所投期刊的格式要求關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式關(guān)于論文格式參考文獻(xiàn) 注意格式 保證準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，相關(guān)文獻(xiàn) 數(shù)量不能過(guò)少 需要有近2年文獻(xiàn) 最好適量自引倫理學(xué)問(wèn)題 倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn) Ethics committee Institutional review board 知情同意（informed consent） 知情 同意 保密 其他 器官移植 人工流產(chǎn)倫理學(xué)問(wèn)題 還要注意動(dòng)物的倫理學(xué)問(wèn)題 說(shuō)明按照單位或國(guó)家的動(dòng)物管理

26、和使用有關(guān)規(guī)定來(lái)操作 處死動(dòng)物要盡量減少動(dòng)物痛苦 用詞要人性化，如不用kill,用sacrifice倫理問(wèn)題舉例 This study was approved by the institutional review board at Montefiore Medical Center. Written informed consent was obtained from all FDNY workers. 版權(quán)問(wèn)題 引用別人的圖表除了需作文獻(xiàn)引用外，還有征求作者和雜志的同意 自己發(fā)表的文章中的圖表再在另一篇文章中使用，需要經(jīng)過(guò)原雜志授權(quán) 文章發(fā)表后，如果再以另一種形式出版，在版權(quán)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)讓的情

27、況下，要經(jīng)過(guò)原雜志同意關(guān)于一稿多投 (Duplicate submission) 概念 將內(nèi)容相同或大致相同的文稿同時(shí)或先后投向不同的期刊等載體關(guān)于一稿多投 有關(guān)概念的三個(gè)問(wèn)題 何謂內(nèi)容大致相同 投稿時(shí)間 投稿的受體 期刊 報(bào)紙 書(shū)籍 電子、網(wǎng)絡(luò)版不屬于一稿多投的幾種情況 會(huì)議報(bào)告后再發(fā)表 論文匯編發(fā)表后再發(fā)表可以，增刊發(fā)表后不應(yīng)再發(fā)表 國(guó)內(nèi)一些雜志認(rèn)為摘要發(fā)表后可以再全文發(fā)表 不同語(yǔ)言同時(shí)或先后發(fā)表屬于二級(jí)發(fā)表，需要雙方雜志認(rèn)可 電子、網(wǎng)絡(luò)版發(fā)表后一些雜志認(rèn)可關(guān)于一稿多投 原因 主觀 職稱(chēng)晉升，職務(wù)提升，認(rèn)識(shí)不足 客觀 期刊處理不及時(shí) 后果 重復(fù)發(fā)表，相應(yīng)處罰 性質(zhì) 不道德行為二級(jí)發(fā)表（Se

28、condary Publication） 作者須事先取得有關(guān)雜志編輯的同意 二級(jí)發(fā)表應(yīng)與第一次發(fā)表間隔一周以上 主要是針對(duì)不同的讀者群 應(yīng)該忠實(shí)于原版 應(yīng)在首頁(yè)腳注第一次發(fā)表的出處 文題應(yīng)提示是二級(jí)發(fā)表 同時(shí)出版不同語(yǔ)言的雜志編輯要知道NLM提供主要語(yǔ)言版本的索引CMJ對(duì)二級(jí)發(fā)表的態(tài)度 不贊成二級(jí)發(fā)表 特殊的代表中國(guó)人群的好的臨床試驗(yàn)還可考慮關(guān)于利益沖突 為什么要聲明利益沖突 保證審稿的客觀性 保證刊登稿件的公正性關(guān)于利益沖突 利益沖突的種類(lèi) 作者和編輯及審稿人的關(guān)系 作者和企業(yè)的關(guān)系 審稿人和企業(yè)和產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系 審稿人的學(xué)術(shù)傾向等關(guān)于利益沖突 有或無(wú)都要在投稿函聲明 利益沖突多的要另紙列出具體的各類(lèi)利益沖突臨床試驗(yàn)的注冊(cè) www.ClinicalT .au www.controlled- www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm試驗(yàn)注冊(cè)舉例 (ClinicalT number, NCT00262769 ClinicalT .) 寫(xiě)好投稿函 說(shuō)明研究是真實(shí)的 說(shuō)明研究的重要性 說(shuō)明研究是否存在利益沖突 說(shuō)明作者署名無(wú)爭(zhēng)議 說(shuō)明此稿是否存在一稿多投等 重視