汽車?yán)碚撜n程設(shè)計(jì)

1、汽車?yán)碚撜n程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)車輛092 祖春勝 學(xué)號(hào)0901040440第五組目錄一、 題目要求2二、 解決過(guò)程及獲得曲線分析3一、設(shè)計(jì)題目一3 1.功率轉(zhuǎn)速以及轉(zhuǎn)矩轉(zhuǎn)速圖3 2.驅(qū)動(dòng)力行駛阻力平衡圖33.動(dòng)力特性圖54.加速度倒數(shù)曲線75.加速時(shí)間曲線9（1）超車加速時(shí)間曲線9（2）原地起步連續(xù)換擋加速時(shí)間曲線126.動(dòng)力性評(píng)價(jià) 13二、設(shè)計(jì)題目二151.功率轉(zhuǎn)速圖以及轉(zhuǎn)矩轉(zhuǎn)速圖 152.功率力平衡圖 153.最高檔以及次高檔等速百公里油耗曲線 174.燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性加速時(shí)間曲線 185.經(jīng)濟(jì)性評(píng)價(jià) 22三、設(shè)計(jì)題目三241.繪制.I曲線以及曲線，f、r線組曲線242.利用附著系數(shù)曲線與制動(dòng)效率曲線

2、273.計(jì)算制動(dòng)距離 29三、心得體會(huì)31四、參考資料32題目要求1. 設(shè)計(jì)題目一的要求是確定一輕型貨車的動(dòng)力性能（本組貨車裝用五檔變速器），利用所給數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行汽車動(dòng)力性分析與評(píng)價(jià)。2. 設(shè)計(jì)題目二的要求是采用題目一中的貨車，根據(jù)汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的負(fù)荷特性以及萬(wàn)有特性，利用所給數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行汽車的經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析與評(píng)價(jià)。3. 一中型貨車裝有前、后制動(dòng)器分開(kāi)的雙管路制動(dòng)系，根據(jù)所給的參數(shù)以及有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行汽車制動(dòng)性分析與評(píng)價(jià)。解決過(guò)程與獲得曲線分析一、 設(shè)計(jì)題目一確定一輕型貨車的動(dòng)力性能，進(jìn)行動(dòng)力性分析和評(píng)價(jià)。1.功率轉(zhuǎn)速圖以及轉(zhuǎn)矩轉(zhuǎn)速圖程序：n=600:100:4000;Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/

3、1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; %求轉(zhuǎn)矩Pe=Ttq.*n/9550; %求功率plot(n,Pe)hold onplot(n,Ttq)xlabel(n(r/min),ylabel(Pe(Kw)title(itPe-n和Ttq-n)gtext(Pe);gtext(Ttq);2.驅(qū)動(dòng)力行駛阻力平衡圖程序clcig1=5.560;ig2=2.769;ig3=1.644;ig4=1.000;ig5=0.793;nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83; L=3.2;a=2

4、.900;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598; pg=7.0;m=9590;g=9.8; G=m*g;n=600:10:4000;Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; %求轉(zhuǎn)矩Ft1=Ttq*ig1*i0*nT/r; %求汽車各檔驅(qū)動(dòng)力Ft2=Ttq*ig2*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Ttq*ig3*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Ttq*ig4*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Ttq*ig5*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/(ig1*i

5、0); %求汽車各檔對(duì)應(yīng)的車速ua2=0.377*r*n/(ig2*i0);ua3=0.377*r*n/(ig3*i0);ua4=0.377*r*n/(ig4*i0);ua5=0.377*r*n/(ig5*i0);Ff=G*f; %汽車的滾動(dòng)阻力ua=linspace(0,120,100);Fw=CDA*ua.2/21.15; %汽車的空氣阻力F=Ff+Fw; %汽車的滾動(dòng)阻力與空氣阻力之和即行駛阻力plot(ua1,Ft1)hold onplot(ua2,Ft2)hold onplot(ua3,Ft3)hold onplot(ua4,Ft4)hold onplot(ua5,Ft5)hold

6、onplot(ua,F)hold onplot(ua,Ff)xlabel(ua/(km/h),ylabel(F/N)title(it五檔汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)力-行駛阻力平衡圖)gtext(leftarrowFtfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowFtfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowFtfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowFtfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowFfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowFw+Fffontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowFffontname隸書(shū))ua,F=ginput(2)%結(jié)果是ua

7、 = 70.8318 %五檔時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力的曲線交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的車速 85.3497 %四檔時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力的曲線交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的車速即最高車速F = 1.0e+003 *1.8972 %五檔時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力的曲線交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)力的大小2.1850 %四檔時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力的曲線交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)力的大小圖：3.動(dòng)力特性圖程序clcig1=5.560;ig2=2.769;ig3=1.644;ig4=1.000;ig5=0.793;nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83; L=3.2;a=2.900;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;

8、pg=7.0;m=9590;g=9.8; G=m*g;n=600:100:4000;Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4;Ft1=Ttq*ig1*i0*nT/r;%求汽車各檔驅(qū)動(dòng)力的大小Ft2=Ttq*ig2*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Ttq*ig3*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Ttq*ig4*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Ttq*ig5*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/(ig1*i0); %求汽車各檔速度的大小ua2=0.377*r*n/(ig2*i0);ua3=0.

9、377*r*n/(ig3*i0);ua4=0.377*r*n/(ig4*i0);ua5=0.377*r*n/(ig5*i0);Fw1=CDA*ua1.2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.2/21.15;ua=linspace(0,120,35);Fw=CDA*ua.2/21.15;D1=(Ft1-Fw1)/G; %汽車各檔的動(dòng)力因素D2=(Ft2-Fw2)/G;D3=(Ft3-Fw3)/G;D4=(Ft4-Fw4)/G;D5=(Ft5-Fw5)/G;f=Fw/G; %滾動(dòng)

10、阻力系數(shù)plot(ua1,D1)hold onplot(ua2,D2)hold onplot(ua3,D3)hold onplot(ua4,D4)hold onplot(ua5,D5)hold onplot(ua,f)xlabel(ua/(km*h-1),ylabel(D)title(it五檔動(dòng)力特性圖)gtext(leftarrowDfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowDfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowDfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowDfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrowDfontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftar

11、rowffontname隸書(shū))ua,D=ginput(2)%結(jié)果是ua = 81.9816 %五檔時(shí)動(dòng)力特性曲線與滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)曲線的交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的車速 89.1705 %四檔時(shí)動(dòng)力特性曲線與滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)曲線的交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的車速即最高車速D = 0.0102 %五檔時(shí)動(dòng)力特性曲線與滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)曲線的交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)力因數(shù)的大小 0.0111 %四檔時(shí)動(dòng)力特性曲線與滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)曲線的交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)力因數(shù)的大小4.加速度倒數(shù)曲線程序clcig1=5.560;ig2=2.769;ig3=1.644;ig4=1.000;ig5=0.793;nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.8

12、3; L=3.2;a=2.900;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598; pg=7.0;m=9590;g=9.8; G=m*g;n=600:100:4000;Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; %求轉(zhuǎn)矩Ft1=Ttq*ig1*i0*nT/r; %求汽車各檔的驅(qū)動(dòng)力Ft2=Ttq*ig2*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Ttq*ig3*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Ttq*ig4*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Ttq*ig5*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.

13、377*r*n/(ig1*i0); %求汽車各檔的車速ua2=0.377*r*n/(ig2*i0);ua3=0.377*r*n/(ig3*i0);ua4=0.377*r*n/(ig4*i0);ua5=0.377*r*n/(ig5*i0);F1=G*f+CDA*ua1.2/21.15; %求汽車對(duì)應(yīng)各檔的滾動(dòng)阻力與空氣阻力之和即行駛阻力F2=G*f+CDA*ua2.2/21.15;F3=G*f+CDA*ua3.2/21.15;F4=G*f+CDA*ua4.2/21.15;F5=G*f+CDA*ua5.2/21.15;d1=1+(Iw1+Iw2+If*ig12*i02*nT)/(m*r2);%各檔

14、對(duì)應(yīng)的汽車旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù)d2=1+(Iw1+Iw2+If*ig22*i02*nT)/(m*r2);d3=1+(Iw1+Iw2+If*ig32*i02*nT)/(m*r2);d4=1+(Iw1+Iw2+If*ig42*i02*nT)/(m*r2);d5=1+(Iw1+Iw2+If*ig52*i02*nT)/(m*r2);b1=d1*m./(Ft1-F1); %各檔對(duì)應(yīng)加速度的倒數(shù)b2=d2*m./(Ft2-F2);b3=d3*m./(Ft3-F3);b4=d4*m./(Ft4-F4);b5=d5*m./(Ft5-F5);plot(ua1,b1)hold onplot(ua2,b2)hold o

15、nplot(ua3,b3)hold onplot(ua4,b4)hold onplot(ua5,b5)axis(0 100 -100 100); %坐標(biāo)的范圍title(it五檔汽車加速度倒數(shù)曲線)xlabel(ua/(km/h),ylabel(1/a)gtext(leftarrow1/a1fontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrow1/a2fontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrow1/a3fontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrow1/a4fontname隸書(shū))gtext(leftarrow1/a5fontname隸書(shū))5.加速時(shí)間曲線1）超車加速時(shí)間曲線程序cle

16、ar nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218; Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;L=3.2;a=2.900;hg=0.9;m=9590;g=9.8;k=200;G=m*g;ig(1)=5.56;ig(2)=2.769;ig(3)=1.644;ig(4)=1.00;ig(5)=0.793;nmin=600;nmax=4000; n=linspace(nmin,nmax,k);%在最大轉(zhuǎn)速和最小轉(zhuǎn)速之間采樣，得出200個(gè)等差數(shù)列的轉(zhuǎn)速采樣點(diǎn)for i=1:5deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*(ig(i)

17、2*i02*nT)/(m*r2);%各檔對(duì)應(yīng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù)endTq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; %轉(zhuǎn)矩for i=1:5 ua(i,:)=0.377*n.*r/(ig(i)*i0); %各檔對(duì)應(yīng)的車速endfor i=1:5 Ft(i,:)=Tq.*ig(i)*i0*nT/r; %各檔對(duì)應(yīng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力enduua=linspace(0,120,k);Fw=CDA*uua.2/21.15; %空氣阻力F=CDA*uua.2/21.15+G*f; %空氣阻力與滾動(dòng)阻力

18、之和即為行駛阻力for i=1:5 for j=1:200 a(i,j)=(Ft(i,j)-F(j)/(deta(i)*m);%汽車各檔的加速度 endenda_re=1./a;%加速度取倒數(shù)j=1;while ua(4,j)40 %4檔的車速在40Km/h以下 j=j+1;endm1=j;j=1;while ua(4,j)53 %5檔的車速在53Km/h以下 j=j+1;endm2=j;j=1;while ua(5,j)53 %五檔的車速在53Km/h以下 j=j+1;endm3=j;j=1;while ua(5,j)80 %五檔的車速在80Km/h以下 j=j+1;endm4=j;for

19、i=1:(m2-m1) Ts(i)=(ua(4,m1+i)-ua(4,m1+i-1)/3.6/a(4,m1+i-1);endt(1)=Ts(1);for i=1:(m2-m1-1) t(i+1)=t(i)+Ts(i+1); %4檔速度從40Km/h到53Km/h的加速時(shí)間endfor i=1:(m4-m3) Ts(m2-m1+i)=(ua(5,m3+i)-ua(5,m3+i-1)/3.6/a(5,m3+i-1);endfor i=1:(m4-m3) t(m2-m1+i)=t(m2-m1+i-1)+Ts(m2-m1+i);%五檔車速?gòu)?3Km/h到80Km/h的加速時(shí)間以及四檔從40km/h到5

20、3Km/h的加速時(shí)間累計(jì)endfigureplot(t,horzcat(ua(4,m1:m2-1),ua(5,m3:m4-1)axis(0,250,35,75)title(汽車超車時(shí)車速時(shí)間曲線圖)xlabel(t/s)ylabel(ua/(Km/h)t,ua=ginput(1)%結(jié)果是：t = 216.8779 %汽車由4檔40Km/h加速到53Km/h時(shí)換擋進(jìn)入5檔加速至70Km/h的加速時(shí)間ua = 70.1462 %車速為70Km/h2）原地起步連續(xù)換擋加速時(shí)間曲線程序：clear nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218; I

21、w1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;L=3.2;a=2.900;hg=0.9;m=9590;g=9.8; G=m*g; ig=5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793; nmin=600;nmax=4000; u1=0.377*r*nmin./ig/i0; u2=0.377*r*nmax./ig/i0; deta=0*ig; for i=1:5 deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*(ig(i)2*i02*nT)/(m*r2); %各檔的旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù)end ua=0:0.01:99;N=length(ua);n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;inv_a=0

22、*ua;delta=0*ua; Ff=G*f; %滾動(dòng)阻力Fw=CDA*ua.2/21.15; %空氣阻力for i=1:N k=i; if ua(i)=u2(1) n=ua(i)*(ig(1)*i0/r)/0.377; %不同的車速對(duì)應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)速Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; %轉(zhuǎn)矩Ft=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r; %驅(qū)動(dòng)力inv_a(i)=(deta(1)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); %加速度的倒數(shù)delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6

23、; %車速變化0.01km/h所需的加速時(shí)間elseif ua(i)=u2(2) n=ua(i)*(ig(2)*i0/r)/0.377; Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; Ft=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r; inv_a(i)=(deta(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6; elseif ua(i)=u2(3) n=ua(i)*(ig(3)*i0/r)/0.377; Tq=-19.313+295.27*

24、(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).2+40.874*(n/1000).3-3.8445*(n/1000).4; Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r; inv_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6; elseif ua(i)max(ua(2,:)&ua(3,j1)max(ua(3,:)&ua(4,j1)max(ua(4,:)&ua(5,j1)=70temp4(1,n3)=ua(5,j1)/3.6; temp4(2,n3)=1./a(5,j1); n3=n3+1; end end y=temp1(1,

25、1)*temp1(2,1)+qiuji(temp1(1,:),temp1(2,:)+qiuji(temp2(1,:),temp2(2,:)+qiuji(temp3(1,:),temp3(2,:)+qiuji(temp3(1,:),temp3(2,:);end%(2)車速function ua=chesu(n,r,ig,i0); %由轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算車速 ua=0.377*r.*n/(ig*i0); end%（3）轉(zhuǎn)速function n=zhuansu(ua,r,ig,i0); %求轉(zhuǎn)速 n=ig*i0.*ua./(0.377*r);end%(4)轉(zhuǎn)矩 function y=zhuanju(n); %

26、求轉(zhuǎn)矩函數(shù) y=-19.313+295.27.*(n./1000)-165.44.*(n./1000).2+40.874.*(n./1000).3-3.8445.*(n./1000).4; end%(5)驅(qū)動(dòng)力function y=qudongli(Ttq,ig,i0,yita,r); %求驅(qū)動(dòng)力函數(shù) y=(ig*i0*yita.*Ttq)/r; end %(6)積分函數(shù) function p=qiuji(x0,y0) %求積分函數(shù) n0=size(x0); n=n0(2); x=linspace(x0(1),x0(n),200) ; y=spline(x0,y0,x); %插值 % figu

27、re;plot(x,y); p=trapz(x,y) ; end %(7) %求不同i0下的六工況油耗 function b=youhao(i0); global f G CDA yita m r If Iw1 Iw2 pg B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 n %聲明全局變量 ig=5.56,2.769,1.644,1.00,0.793;r=0.367;m=9590;g=9.8;s=1075;yita=0.85;CDA=2.77;f=0.013;%i0=5.83; G=m*g;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598; %汽車的基本參數(shù)設(shè)定 n0=815 1207 1614 20

28、12 2603 3006 3403 3804; B00=1326.8 1354.7 1284.4 1122.9 1141.0 1051.2 1233.9 1129.7; B10=-416.46 -303.98 -189.75 -121.59 -98.893 -73.714 -84.478 -45.291; B20=72.379 36.657 14.524 7.0035 4.4763 2.8593 2.9788 0.71113; B30=-5.8629 -2.0553 -0.51184 -0.18517 -0.091077 -0.05138 -0.047449 -0.00075215; B40=

29、0.17768 0.043072 0.0068164 0.0018555 0.00068906 0.00035032 0.00028230 -0.000038568; n=600:1:4000; B0=spline(n0,B00,n); B1=spline(n0,B10,n); B2=spline(n0,B20,n); %使用三次樣條插值，保證曲線的光滑連續(xù) B3=spline(n0,B30,n); B4=spline(n0,B40,n); ua5=0.377*r.*n./(i0*ig(5); %求出發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)對(duì)應(yīng)的五檔車速 F5=f*G+CDA*(ua5.2)/21.15; %求出滾動(dòng)

30、阻力和空氣阻力的和 P_fw5=F5.*ua5./(yita*3.6*1000); %求出阻力功率 for i=1:1:3401 %用擬合公式求出各個(gè)燃油消耗率 b5(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*P_fw5(i)+B2(i)*(P_fw5(i)2+B3(i)*(P_fw5(i)3+B4(i)*(P_fw5(i)4; end pg=7.0; %汽油的重度取7.0N/L ua5_m=25,40,50; %勻速階段的車速 s_m=50,250,250; %每段勻速走過(guò)的距離 b5_m=spline(ua5,b5,ua5_m); %插值得出對(duì)應(yīng)速度的燃油消耗率 F5_m=f*G+CDA*(ua5_m

31、.2)/21.15; %車速對(duì)應(yīng)的阻力 P_fw5_m=F5_m.*ua5_m./(yita*3.6*1000); %發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率 Q5_m=P_fw5_m.*b5_m.*s_m./(102.*ua5_m.*pg) ; Q5_a1=jiasu(40,25,ig(5),0.25,ua5,i0); Q5_a2=jiasu(50,40,ig(5),0.2,ua5,i0); Qid=0.299;tid=19.3;s=1075; Q_i=Qid*tid; %求出減速階段的燃油消耗量 Q5all=(sum(Q5_m)+Q5_a1+Q5_a2+Q_i)*100/s; %五檔行駛時(shí)六工況百公里燃油消耗量 b=Q

32、5all; end%(8)加速階段處理函數(shù) function q=jiasu(umax,umin,ig,a,ua0,i0); global f G CDA yita m r If Iw1 Iw2 pg B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 n; %i0 ; ua1=umin:1:umax; %把速度范圍以1km/h為間隔進(jìn)行劃分 delta=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*ig2*i02*yita)/(m*r2); P0=(G*f.*ua0./3600+CDA.*ua0.3/76140+(delta*m.*ua0/3600)*a)/yita; P=(G*f.*ua1/3600+CDA.*ua1.3/76140+(delta*m.*ua1/3600)*a)/yita; dt=1/(3.6*a) ; %速度