高考英語名詞性從句講解

1、英語名詞性從句英語名詞性從句Noun Clause起名詞性作用的從句，叫名詞性從句。起名詞性作用的從句，叫名詞性從句。換言之，在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)膿Q言之，在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語部分，換由一個(gè)句子來充主語、賓語、表語和同位語部分，換由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。當(dāng)，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。請思考請思考定語從句定語從句的定義：的定義：起定語作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。起定語作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。名詞性從句名詞性從句定義定義名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語主語 His job

2、 is important.What he does is important.表語表語This is his job.This is what he does every day. 賓語賓語 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位同位語語 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.連接副詞（連接副詞（4個(gè)）：個(gè)）：when、 why、where、 how引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞（從屬連詞（3個(gè)）

3、：個(gè)）：that 、if、 whether連接代詞連接代詞 （9個(gè)）：個(gè)）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語itit代替，而本代替，而本身放在句子末尾。身放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如：結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如： It i

4、s a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞詞 (及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后?；蚪樵~之后。1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語作動(dòng)詞的賓語 (1) 由由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷酝ǔ？梢允÷?, 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether

5、 (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語，作介詞的賓語，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容

6、詞的賓語，作形容詞的賓語，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作為形式賓語可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. 表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的

7、名詞性從句，放在系表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句主語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有可以接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。等。另外，常用的還有另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和和It is because 等等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is _ we cant get the support o

8、f the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythat1. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner wou

9、ld be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 同位語從句同位語從句常用名詞有常用名詞有beli

10、ef, chance,doubt,fact, hope, idea, information，news, opinion, possibility,question, result, suggestion, thought,truth,wish等等。等等。常用連詞：常用連詞：that /when/ where/ why 和和how等等。等等。e.g. 消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊(duì)。消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊(duì)。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. 問題是他是如何做這件事的。問題是他是如何做這件事的

11、。 Its the question how he did it.連接副詞（連接副詞（4個(gè)）：個(gè)）：when、 why、where、 how引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞（從屬連詞（3個(gè)）：個(gè)）：that 、if、 whether連接代詞連接代詞 （9個(gè)）：個(gè)）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（1）：）：從句中的每一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都有從句中的每一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都有3個(gè)功能個(gè)功能，分別如下，分別如下:從屬連詞從屬連詞“that”-無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用無詞義

12、、不作成份、起連接作用“if”- “是否是否”、不作成份、起連接作用、不作成份、起連接作用“whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起連接作、不作成份、起連接作用用1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is certain .2、The fact is that Beijing will hold 29th Olympic Games this year.3、I know that well begun is half done . 4、He heard the news that Liuxiang set a new world r

13、ecord . “that”-無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）（同位語從句）（同位語從句）1、My idea is that we should do it right now.2、She wont believe that he has become a thief.3、That he is a famous singer is known to us.4、I knew the news that our team won the match. 5、His suggestion is that w

14、e should finish the work at once.說出從句部分及類別并翻譯：說出從句部分及類別并翻譯：同位語從句同位語從句表語從句表語從句表語從句表語從句主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、The problem is whether you could give us some valuable advice . 3、I asked him whether he could do me a favor .4、Could you tell me the quest

15、ion whether English is useful for us now. “whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起連接作用、不作成份、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）（同位語從句）（同位語從句）If 只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的主語從句。的主語從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。If與與whether的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、I ask

16、ed him whether he could do me a favor .請思考：請思考：1、It depends on weather if she will come back on time . 2、I asked him if he could do me a favor .1、If不能引導(dǎo)放于句首的主語從句，而不能引導(dǎo)放于句首的主語從句，而whether可可以。以。2、引導(dǎo)表語從句用、引導(dǎo)表語從句用whether，不用，不用if。3、引導(dǎo)同位語從句用、引導(dǎo)同位語從句用whether，不用，不用if。4、whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，不用可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，不用if

17、 。5、whether or not 連在一起可以，但連在一起可以，但if不可以。而不可以。而“whether-or not = if -or not”If與與whether的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1、I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is w

18、ell.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether請用請用if / whether填空：填空：whether連接代詞連接代詞 （9個(gè)）：個(gè)）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、“who”-“誰誰”、作主語、起連接作用

19、、作主語、起連接作用1、Who will go to the college is still uncertain . 2、The trouble is who could lend me some money .3、He want to know who picked up his mobile phone .（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、Whom you will learn from is worth thinking over . 2、The thing I am anxious about is whom he will turn to

20、for help .3、His mother asked him whom he could believe in .“whom”-“誰誰”、作賓語、起連接作、作賓語、起連接作用用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、What I desire to get is a good reputation . 2、What he will tell me is what I have been expecting to know .3、They agree with what I said just now . “what”-“事情事情”、作主表賓語、起連接作用

21、、作主表賓語、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、Which class is suitable for us isnt most important . 2、What he wants to ask you now is which team won the game . 3、Could you tell me which one is right . “which”-“哪哪-”、作定語、起連接作用、作定語、起連接作用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、Whose bag was the most be

22、autiful is still unknown now . 2、The question is whose friends could lend me a hand .3、I want to know whose suggestion is more practical . “whose”-“誰的誰的”、作定語、起連接作、作定語、起連接作用用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“whoever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作主語、起連接作用、作主語、起連接作用1、Whoever could solve the problem will be rewarde

23、d . 2、The person I will praise is whoever could work out the question .3、You should appreciate whoever helped you in the past . （主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“whomever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作賓語、起連接作用、作賓語、起連接作用1、Whomever you will meet in the meeting is excellent . 2、The person I could depend on is whom

24、ever you believe in . 3、You should learn from whomever I praised yesterday . （主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、Whatever you did in the past was very meaningful . 2、What we should do is whatever is worth doing .3、We should do whatever is worth doing . “whatever”- “-的任何東西的任何東西”、作主表賓語、作主表賓語、（主語從句）（

25、主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“whichever”- “-的哪些或哪個(gè)的哪些或哪個(gè)”、作主、表、賓語、作主、表、賓語、1、Whichever team win the game is possible . 2、The fact is whichever teacher could help you learn English well . 3、You could choose whichever book you want . （主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）連接副詞連接副詞“why”- “為什么為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用

26、、作狀語、起連接作用“how”- “如何如何”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“where”- “什么地方什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“when”- “什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候”、作狀語、起連接作用、作狀語、起連接作用“when”- “什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候”、作狀語、起連接作、作狀語、起連接作用用1、When the meeting will begin isnt decided now . 2、The trouble is when he could recover from the disease .3、He asked us when we would graduate

27、 from the school .（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）“where”- “什么地方什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作、作狀語、起連接作用用1、Where I could buy the book is uncertain now .2、His question was where we would hold the opening ceremony .3、I couldnt tell you where they have been living .（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、Why he kill

28、ed himself is still a secret now .2、What surprised me was why they failed again . 3、I just want to ask you why I was fired . “why”- “為什么為什么”、作狀語、起連接作、作狀語、起連接作用用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句）1、How the thief stole the bike is still a mystery .2、What the professor asked us was how we could make o

29、ur parents happy . 3、I will go to ask my teacher how I could work out the problem .“how”- “如何如何”、作狀語、起連接作、作狀語、起連接作用用（主語從句）（主語從句）（表語從句）（表語從句）（賓語從句）（賓語從句） It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如：如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt inter

30、est me whether you succeed or not. It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚It said/ reported/hoped that.據(jù)說據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道/人們希望人們希望Its been announced/declared that.已經(jīng)通知已經(jīng)通知/宣布宣布It seems/appears/happens. that顯然、明顯、碰巧顯然、明顯、碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/無疑無疑 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句

31、中充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則則不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2. what 與與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別用用that / what填填空：空：1._ he wants

32、is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat陳述語序：主

33、語在前，謂語在后陳述語序：主語在前，謂語在后You are a student.-陳述句陳述句I wonder if/whether you are a student. -賓語從句賓語從句Do you know what he is doing?-賓語從句賓語從句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3.名詞性從句必須用名詞性從句必須用陳述句語序陳述句語序?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，是連詞

34、，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行具體內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明。例詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行具體內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明。例如：如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（

35、第一個(gè)（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分在句中不作任何成分）同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句that（連詞）連詞）只起連接的只起連接的作用作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分不充當(dāng)句子成分that(關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞) 充當(dāng)一定的充當(dāng)一定的句子成分句子成分(主，賓，表）主，賓，表）同位語從句與前面的名同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)

36、系，表示這詞是同位關(guān)系，表示這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容定語從句對先行詞起修飾定語從句對先行詞起修飾作用，表示作用，表示“的的”。同位語從句的同位語從句的that 一般一般不能省不能省而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that，當(dāng)其在從句中做賓，當(dāng)其在從句中做賓語時(shí)，常?？梢允÷哉Z時(shí)，常?？梢允÷?、If不能引導(dǎo)放于句首的主語從句，而不能引導(dǎo)放于句首的主語從句，而whether可可以。以。2、引導(dǎo)表語從句用、引導(dǎo)表語從句用whether，不用，不用if。3、引導(dǎo)同位語從句用、引導(dǎo)同位語從句用whether，不用，不用if。4、whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，不用可以引導(dǎo)從句作介

37、詞的賓語，不用if 。5、whether or not 連在一起可以，但連在一起可以，但if不可以。而不可以。而“whether-or not = if -or not”考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 5.If.If與與whetherwhether的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1. _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A. If B. Whether C .That D. Where 3.

38、_ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to名詞性從句練習(xí)名詞性從句練習(xí)50題：題：4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy .A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit

39、 _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. That C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have7. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A. What / because B . What / that C .That / what D. That / beca

40、use8._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A .What / why B .That / what C .What / because D. Why / that 9. He is absent from school . It is _ he was punished! A. why B. because C. that D. the reason10. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth p

41、raising . A. Who B. The one C . Anyone D. Whoever 11. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A .that B. how C. where D. what 12. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether

42、D. It, which 13. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what D. where 14. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- Oh ,thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel ex

43、cited 15._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A. What B. That C. This D. Which 16. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A. what B. which C. when D. that 1

44、7. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A. continues B. continue C. continued D. had continued 18.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever19. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .A.why B. what C. who

45、D. that (05)20.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever21.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. A. and he B. was that he C . which he D . that he 22._ man must fear when traveling in space is radi

46、ation from the sun.A. Which B. How C. What D. That 23.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 24. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put25.The

47、reason that he has been succeeding _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what26. _ breaks the law should be punished. A. Whoever B. No matter who C. anyone. D. who 27. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. reason why C. how D. what28. Do _ you think is

48、right _ difficulties you may have. A. what ;however B. that ;whatever C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever29.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which 30. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this comin

49、g Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether31. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how32. Difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that33. I dont think the question of _ they are old or youn

50、g is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why34. It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.A. if B. whether C. that D. what 35. _ should be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should36. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 37. _ he said at the meeting a