春季教材初三實驗班第二講

1、撲騰英語春季實驗班 九年級第二講Key Point: 動詞Grammar of This Unit動詞的分類（按照不同的方式）： 1 根據(jù)動詞在句子中的用途分為： 實義動詞：在句子中表示有關主語的動作或狀態(tài)的主要動詞； 例：study（學習），walk（步行），sing（唱歌），dance（跳舞） 助動詞：auxiliary verb 例：do , have , can ,be 動詞 2 根據(jù)動詞能否有賓語分為： 及物動詞：(vt) transitive verb 可以直接加賓語 例：買本書 buy a book 不及物動詞：(vi) intransitive verb 不可以直接加賓語 例：

2、去學校 go to school 系動詞： 聯(lián)系動詞 linking verb 加表語，構成主系表結(jié)構 如： am is are look seem sound taste 后加名詞或形容詞系動詞分為：1）狀態(tài)系動詞，表示一種狀態(tài) 如：seem （似乎）; keep （保持）; be; stay; remain2）感官系動詞 如：sound; look; smell; taste; feel3）變成系動詞 如：become; turn ; get ; go情態(tài)動詞：情：感情 態(tài)：態(tài)度情態(tài)動詞：表示一種情感和態(tài)度的動詞can could may might must should will wo

3、uld need have to情態(tài)動詞自身的詞匯意義：表示或者暗示某種情緒或者態(tài)度，表示可能、建議、愿望、必要、允許、能力等等；情態(tài)動詞在句子中不能單獨做謂語，必須和實意動詞一起組成復合謂語。 例：I can do sth. I can write. He can play.情態(tài)動詞本身不隨主語的不同而變化 例：I can / she can / we can must與have to二者的區(qū)別： 相同點：都表示必須、應當； 區(qū)別點： 1） must 常常表示有強烈的個人色彩；表達個人感情；一般表示說話人的主觀意圖。 例：She is a really nice people.You mus

4、t meet her. . 2）have to 沒有個人色彩，通常用來表達一種客觀事實； 例： I must get up early tomorrow. I have to get up early tomorrow. 3） must 表示一般現(xiàn)在時，將來時，不表示過去；have to 有所有的時態(tài)形式 例：I had to go to hospital. Have you ever had to go to hospital? 二者的否定形式： mustn't 嚴令禁止不許做 don't have to 沒必要做動詞的語態(tài)：動詞要通過某種特殊形式來表示主語是動作的實施者、執(zhí)

5、行者還是動作的承受者。 例：動作的執(zhí)行者 He wrote the book. 動作的接受者 The book is written by him.被動語態(tài)被動的構成：be + done動詞被動語態(tài)與時態(tài)相結(jié)合的構成：時態(tài)構成被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時主語+do / doesIs/am/are + done一般過去時主語+did Was/were + done一般將來時主語+will / shall / be going to + doWill / shall + be + done現(xiàn)在進行時主語+am / is / are + doingis/am/are/ + being + done過去進行時主

6、語+was / were +doingwas/were + being + done現(xiàn)在完成時主語+have / has +donehave / has + been + done過去完成時主語+had +donehad + been + done八大基本時態(tài)： 八種時態(tài)表時態(tài)一般進行完成完成進行過去一般過去時過去進行過去完成現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行現(xiàn)在完成將來一般將來時過去將來過去將來時1.一般將來時1)一般將來時的構成：will+ do; be going to + do; be doing.2)一般將來時的用法。 a)will表示單純的將來；表意愿；表示禮貌地詢問對方是否愿意。 The s

7、un will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.We will help him if he asks us. b)be going to + do表示計劃、打算做某事；表示決定的很可能發(fā)生的事；或某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday? Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. c)be doing 常用在趨向動詞go, come, leave, stay, start, begin表將來中，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。We are l

8、eaving for London. d)“be about to+ do” 和“be to +do” 結(jié)構表示即將發(fā)生的動作。The train is about to start. e)用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來：Ø 表示按規(guī)定或時間表預計將來發(fā)生的動作。 Our plane takes off at 8:10.Ø 當主句為一般將來時態(tài)時，在if, as soon as, until, when等引導的狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match.2.現(xiàn)在完成時1)

9、現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構： has/ have + done2) 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。 a) 表示過去發(fā)生的或是已經(jīng)完成的對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。常與already, just, yet連用。 I have lost my pen. b) 表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for + 時間段，since + 時間點連用，動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。We have lived here since 2000. c) 表示經(jīng)驗或次數(shù)等。常與ever, never, three times等詞連用。 I have never been to Beijing before.3) 和現(xiàn)在完

10、成時連用的時間狀語：just, ever, never, before, since+時間點, for+時間段。4) 區(qū)別have/ has gone to 與 have/ has been to3.過去進行時1) 過去進行時的結(jié)構：was/were+ doing。2) 過去某一時刻或者是過去一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。 I was watching TV at that time.3) 與when和while連用。及when和while的區(qū)別。When I came home, my mother was cooking.While I was watching TV, my mother w

11、as cooking.4) 和過去進行時連用的時間狀語：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday.4. 過去完成時1）過去完成時的結(jié)構：had + done。2）過去完成時的用法 a）表示一個動作在過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過去”，常與時間狀語從句連用。By the end of last month he had only finished half of the work.I found your coat after you had left the house. b) 表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去

12、某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的某個時間。并有可能繼續(xù)下去。常與for, since引導的表示時間的短語或從句連用。 She said that she had made much progress since she came here. c) 在賓語從句中也經(jīng)常使用過去完成時，表示從句動作先于主句動作發(fā)生。 I thought I had seen him before. He told me that he had run out of his money to buy old bikes.3) 與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： by last week, up till then, b

13、y the end of last year, by + 過去的時間狀語。5. 過去將來時1）過去將來時的結(jié)構：would + do2) 過去將來時的用法： a) 表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（一般用在賓語從句中）；表示曾經(jīng)打算或準備要做的動作； 或表示某種跡象即將發(fā)生。He said he would buy some fruit for his sister. I thought it was going to rain soon. b) go, come, leave, arrive, start 等動詞用進行時態(tài)表將來。 He said he was coming t

14、his evening.Passage Onestadium / stedm / n. 體育場；運動場 flame / flem / n. 火焰；光芒 skate / sket / v. 滑冰；溜冰 fan / fæn / n. 愛好者；迷 line / lan / n. (交通)線；路線 competition / kmp't()n / n. 比賽palace / 'pæls/ n. 皇宮；宏偉的大型建筑 bring to an end 結(jié)束The 2014 Winter OlympicsGood morning, ladies and gentlemen

15、. Come and watch the official start of the Olympics in the Fisht Olympic Stadium. This way!THE OPENING CEREMONYWere seeing the Olympic flame arrive in the stadium, ending its long trip. The flame has traveled about 65,000 kilometers. Thats the longest distance the flame has ever been carried for a W

16、inter Olympics. And its been carried by around 14,000 people across Russias 83 regions. This year, the torch（火炬） has also been carried to the North Pole and the International Space Station. However, the torch could not be lit in space for safety reasons. Lets move on.THE COASTAs you all know, all sk

17、ating events will take place on the coast. The oldest ice event in the Winter Games is figure skating. It started as a summer sport in 1908 before the creation of the Winter Olympics. The short track speed skating event was not added until 1992. Skating events are among the most popular for Olympic

18、fas.THE TRAINAll right, everyone, its just a 30-minute ride from the coast to the mountains. When Sochi was chosen to host the Olympics, this train line was added to the city. Many of the buildings we visited on the coast were built for the games, too. The stadium we visited yesterday, the Iceberg S

19、kating Palace and many hotels here are new. Now lets enjoy the ride.THE MOUNTAINSWelcome to the Krasnaya Polyana Mountains! Ten of this years 15 Olympic competitions are being held here, and many are starting today. Most are skiing events such as freestyle or ski jumping. Please dont be alarmed by t

20、he gunshots - the biathlon（冬季兩項） event mixes skiing with shooting. Sliding events like the bobsled races will also be held in the mountains.That brings to an end todays Olympic tour. Enjoy your time at the Olympics, and dont forget to watch Paralympic Games （殘疾人奧林匹克運動會） next month!中考錯題本 call 【誤】 I&#

21、39;ll call at Mr Brown.【正】 I'll call on Mr Brown.【誤】 I'll call on Mr Brown's home.【正】 I'll call at Mr Brown's home.【析】 作"拜訪"講時，at后面接訪問地點，而on后面接訪問的人。 call on; drop in; visit call on比較正式的為公務的訪問，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，如：If you'r

22、e free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來，如：My school's headmaster will visit America next week.change 【誤】 I want to change my camera with that one.【正】 I want to change my camera for that one.【析】 change for為"以某物為交換物"。而change with則是"隨而變"，如：The wood's colour changed with the s

23、eason.cheap 【誤】 Ateacher's salary is generally very cheap.【正】 A teacher's salary is generally very low.【析】 工資的高低要用low，cheap是指價格便宜，如果要講物美價廉則要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.class 【誤】 The class is watching TV.【正】 The class are watching TV.【析】 class作主語時，如果作為整體講則應用單數(shù)形式的謂語動詞，如：The cla

24、ss was more than forty in number. 如考慮到具體的每個成員時則應用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞，如：The class are, in general, very bright.close 【誤】 It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.【正】 It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.【析】 這里的close是動詞，意為"關閉"，而keep后要加形容詞，所以要用close的過去分詞形式closed作形容詞。作形容詞用的close意為"

25、近的"、"親密的"。cook 【誤】 My father is a good cooker.【正】 My father is a good cook.【析】 很多動詞加上er則變?yōu)閳?zhí)行該動作的一種人，如work; worker, teach; teacher. 但cook即是動詞"做飯"，同時名詞也是"廚師"。而cooker則是"廚具"、"炊具"之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高壓鍋)。corner 【

26、誤】 There is a post office in the corner of the street.【正】 There is a post office at the corner of the street.【誤】 A girl sat at the corner of the room.【正】 A girl sat in the corner of the room.【析】 in the corner是在建筑物內(nèi)部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.country

27、 【誤】 You can find cows in a country.【正】 You can find cows in the country.【析】 country即可作"國家"講，也可作"農(nóng)村"講。當作"農(nóng)村"講時，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式。例如：【誤】 Farmers live in the countries.【正】 Farmers live in the country.【析】 但作為"國家"講時則可有單、復數(shù)形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, Chi

28、na, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的國家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族組成的國家，如：The Chinese nation(中華民族)。state多側(cè)重于政權方面的區(qū)域、國家范圍，如：the state farm(國營農(nóng)場)。crowd 【誤】 The room soon was crowded by people.【正】 The room soon was crowded with people.【析】 crowded在這句話中應作為形容詞，

29、所以這句話不是被動語態(tài)而是系表結(jié)構，如：The room was crowded with books. 單項選擇1. Where is Tom? He _ to the shop, he would be back in an hour. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. is going2. I won't go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didn't lose3. Our headmaster _ he

30、re for just over two years. A. has been B. have been C. is D. was4. The two old men _ each other since 1970. A. didn't see B. don't see C. haven't seen D. won't see5. How often _ you _ to the park when you were in Tianjin? A. do; go B. did; go C. will; go D. have; gone6. He hit the t

31、ree and _ badly hurt. A. had B. has C. was D. is7. _ this kind of question often _ in your class, Ann? A. Does; ask B. Is; asked C. Has; asked D. Will; ask8. The trees in our school _ every Friday afternoon. A. are watered B. are watering C. has watered D. were watered9. Various programs _ on TV. Wo

32、rld news _ best received. A. will show; are B. are shown; is C. are showing; is D. have shown; are10. The PLA was _ August 1, 1927. A. found in B. found on C. founded on D. founded in11. Lucy isn't in now. Maybe she _ to the reading room. A. is B. goes C. has gone D. has been12. Now I_ who he is

33、. A. am knowing B. know C. knew D. was known13. Three years ago he _ and has not returned yet. A. was left B. left C. had left D. has left14. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. falls; is riding B. fell; was riding C. was falling; was riding D. felt; was riding15. Nearly everybo

34、dy here _ when the old museum _. A. knows; was built B. know; built C. knows; built D. is known; was built16. The teacher must _ carefully in class. A. listen B. be listened C. be listened to D. be listening17. Do you know Mr. Black? No. I hear he is a teacher, but I _ him before. A. had never seen

35、B. didn't see C. would never see D. have never seen18. How many times _ your uncle _ to Shanghai? Twice. A. does; go B. does; be C. did; go D. has; been19. May I have a look at your letter? No, you _. A. don't B. can't C. couldn't D. mustn't20. "May I smoke here?" "

36、;No, you _." A. mustn't B. don't C. must D. needn't21. All of your workbooks must _ to the teachers' office right now. A. hand in B. take C. be brought D. be done22. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _? No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. needn

37、9;t we; mustn't B. mustn't we; needn't C. mustn't you; mustn't D. needn't we; needn't23. You _ to school tomorrow if you go to look after your mother in the hospital. A. don't need come B. don't come C. needn't to come D. needn't come24. The last bus has j

38、ust left. I'm afraid you _ walk home. A. can B. may C. must D. have to25. Do you have to take care of your mother at home? Yes. I _. A. do B. have to C. have D. shall26. Help me with this suitcase, _ you? A. don't B. will C. do D. shall25. They started early that morning in order that they _

39、 there before noon. A. might get B. may get C. would get D. got 中考題型之十二選十A.dream either get good happy you many real sad see too womanI used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day from my kitchen window. One day I asked her why she practiced so 1 . She said：”I want to go to college. The

40、 only way I can go is 2 a scholarship(獎學金).I like basketball and 1 want to be the 3 player in college. My dad told me :”If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”She never changed her mind. I watched her through those junior high years and into senior high school. One day before she graduate

41、d from high school，I saw her sitting on the grass 4 I asked her what was wrong. She told me that her coach said she was too short to be a good basketball player, so she should stop 5 about going to college. She was heartbroken and it made me feel bad 6 .Then she smiled and told me her father said th

42、at coach was wrong. He did not understand the power(力量)of dream. Her father said to her: “If you 7 want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you 8 can stop your dream.” He told her again：”If the dream is big enough，the facts dont count.”The next year, she and her team went to a

43、big game. She 9 by a coach of a famous college team and was offered a scholarship to the 10 basketball team of their college. She was to get the college education that she had dreamed of and worked toward for all those years.“If the dream is big enough. The facts dont count.” It is true.1. 2. 3. 4.

44、5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B.he build run easy get stand visit invent say science France whichThe Eiffel Tower is one of Europe's most famous buildings. It 1 in a park near the River Seine in Paris. It is 300 meters tall. It was designed and 2 by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel many years ago for the Paris Uni

45、versal Exposition."Universal" here means "of the whole world", and "exposition" is a place where new 3 new kinds of art and new kinds of food are displayed.Eiffel hoped that people could go to the top of the tower 4 , so he asked Elisha Otis to design an elevator. Unfor

46、tunately, the 5 government did not like the first design 6 Otis showed them, and they would not let him put the elevator in. In early 1889, the first visitors had to climb hundreds of stairs 7 to the top.It's interesting that Eiffel 8 lived in the tower where he had his own apartment. Although E

47、iffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also for 9 use. Now, the tower gets much more 10 than another famous buildingthe Louvre (盧浮宮). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 中考題型之完成對話Mr. Friend: Hello, Sue. 1 can I help you with?Sue: Hello, Mr. Friend. Ive got problems.Mr. Friend: Oh, dear! Wha

48、t are 2 with you?Sue: Well, Im not good at sports and often 3 at by the other students in P.E.Mr. Friend: Im sorry to hear that. I 4 that you should try your best in P.E. lesson and enjoy the exercise. Now, do you have any problems?Sue: Yes. I 5 have any friends here and I am very lonely. I am good at sch