漢語四字格翻譯

1、漢語四字格翻譯四字格詞語是漢語詞匯的一大特點(diǎn)。它一般是由分成前后兩個(gè)部分的四個(gè)語素構(gòu)成。從語法關(guān)系看，詞組中前后兩個(gè)部分可以是主謂、動(dòng)賓、偏正或者并列關(guān)系。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，四字格由自由詞組和固定詞組組成。自由詞組是臨時(shí)組成的，可以隨意拆散，重新組合，例如：“品種齊全”，“做工精細(xì)” 等。而固定詞組是一個(gè)整體，四個(gè)語素不能拆開、隨意更換。而且，一些意義特殊、流傳久遠(yuǎn)的四字格詞語也被稱為成語，如：“死里逃生”“滄海一粟”等。漢語四字格詞語的突出特點(diǎn)就是：內(nèi)容言簡(jiǎn)意賅，形式整齊劃一，語音順口悅耳，表達(dá)效果形象生動(dòng)。如果我們能在翻譯實(shí)踐中恰當(dāng)使用并能恰如其分地譯出這些四字格詞語，那么就能在忠實(shí)原文的基礎(chǔ)上

2、，大大增加譯文流暢程度，從而給讀者留下更深刻的印象。 漢語中出現(xiàn)的四字格，很多只是為了讀起來上口，對(duì)仗，并沒有太深的寓意，我們只需簡(jiǎn)單的理解一下意思，我們?cè)诤芏嗲闆r下可以將四字格前后兩個(gè)詞語分開來處理，首先考試&大判斷該結(jié)構(gòu)屬于什么詞類，然后再分析前后兩個(gè)詞語間的邏輯關(guān)系，用相應(yīng)的單詞或者表達(dá)處理即可。（一）并列關(guān)系（一）并列關(guān)系這種四字結(jié)構(gòu)，前后兩個(gè)詞語屬于并列關(guān)系，我們只要能夠?qū)⑶昂髢蓚€(gè)詞語分別譯成相應(yīng)的英語譯文，中間用并列連詞“and”連接即可。名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名勝古跡 scenic spots and historic

3、alsites湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山綠水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesquerock formations 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán) streamline administration and institut

4、e decentralization集思廣益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas國(guó)泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and enga

5、ge in fraud流連忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home國(guó)際局勢(shì)復(fù)雜多變 the complex and volatile international situation國(guó)計(jì)民生 national welfare and the peoples livelihood開拓進(jìn)取 blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存異 seek common ground while shelving differences（二）（二）語意重復(fù)語意重復(fù)這種四字結(jié)構(gòu)前后兩個(gè)詞語的語意是一樣的，如果前后兩個(gè)詞語都翻譯就構(gòu)

6、成語意重復(fù)了。廣袤無垠的中華大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的決策 a visionary/far-sighted decision貫徹落實(shí)重大決策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions層巒疊嶂 peaks rising one after another優(yōu)勝劣汰 survival of the fittest延年益壽 prolong ones life靈丹妙藥 panacea / miraculous cure求真務(wù)實(shí) pragmatic審時(shí)度勢(shì)

7、size up the trend of events招商引資 attract investment譽(yù)滿全球舉世聞名 world-renowned長(zhǎng)治久安 a long period of stability功在當(dāng)代，利在千秋 in the interest of the current and future generations繼往開來，承前啟后 (continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜 no sweet without sweat車到山前必有路，船到橋頭自然

8、直 in the end things mend /theres always a way out急功近利 eager for instant success and quick profits打黑掃黃 crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重 of high ability and integrity互利互補(bǔ) mutually complementary and beneficial互諒互讓mutual understanding and accommodation遵紀(jì)守法 observe the relevant code of conduct

9、and the law（三）（三）目的關(guān)系目的關(guān)系減員增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕還林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures集資辦學(xué) raise money to set up new schools結(jié)黨營(yíng)私 form cliques for private gain扭虧為盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitableone（四）（四）途徑方式途徑方式寓教于樂 teach thro

10、ugh lively activities因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude按勞分配 distribution according to performance以商養(yǎng)文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）（五）偏正詞組偏正詞組廉潔奉公 honestly perform ones official duties環(huán)境綠化 environmental greening超前消費(fèi) premature consumption; O

11、ver-consume; excessive consumption以強(qiáng)凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak以人為本 people foremost; People-oriented（六）（六）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ) complement each others advantages 自主經(jīng)營(yíng)，自負(fù)盈虧 make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for ones own profits and losses（七）（七）條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系不進(jìn)則退 no progress simply means regression（八）（八）省略意象省略意象瞻前顧后 overcautious and indecisive源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng) have a long history嘔心瀝血 spare no efforts畫龍點(diǎn)睛 bring out th