語法專項(xiàng)2——狀語從句（九大狀語從句詳講+配套練習(xí)）

1、語法專項(xiàng)2 狀語從句【狀語從句綜述】由從句擔(dān)任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語（或其它動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子，它可以用來表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。一、時(shí)間狀語從句1.表示時(shí)間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引導(dǎo)。例如：When I came into the

2、office, the teachers were having a meeting.當(dāng)我進(jìn)入辦公室時(shí)，老師們正在開會(huì)。He started as soon as he received the news. 他已得到這個(gè)消息，就出發(fā)了。Once you see him, you will never forget him.一旦你見了他，你就不會(huì)忘記他。No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.我一上床就睡著了。2.when, while, as的區(qū)別這三個(gè)詞都可以用作連接詞，表示時(shí)間關(guān)系，但有所區(qū)別。 (1)when表示時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)，意思常

3、常是“當(dāng)(在)的時(shí)候”。主句和從句中的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day.我們在求學(xué)的時(shí)候，每天都到圖書館去。 (2)while 用作連接詞表示時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)，意思也是“當(dāng)(在)的時(shí)候”，主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生。它有時(shí)可與when通用，但它只能指一段時(shí)間(a period of time)，而不能指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的(a point of time)。如上面第一個(gè)例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二個(gè)例句中的when，就不能用while代替

4、。例如： Please dont talk so aloud while others are working.別人在工作的時(shí)候，請勿大聲講話。(3)as用作連接詞表示時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)，意思也是“當(dāng)(在)時(shí)候”，往往可與when或while通用，但它著重指主句和從句中的動(dòng)作或事情相并發(fā)生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.當(dāng)他下公共汽車的時(shí)候，我看見了他。 3.一些表示時(shí)間的名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every t

5、ime。例如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.我第一次到這座島嶼的時(shí)候，我就對它的美麗感到驚異。The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.我一走進(jìn)房間里，就覺得不對頭。Every time I visit him, he is always reading.每次當(dāng)我拜訪他的時(shí)候，他總是在讀書。4.directly和immediately也可作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一就”，相當(dāng)于the moment/the instant

6、和as soon as。例如：I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一轉(zhuǎn)身孩子們就搗亂。5. before 和afterbefore 引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后，如果從句是過去時(shí)，主句一般要用過去完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。after引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，如果主句要用過去時(shí)，從句則要用過去完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。例如：The plane had taken off befo

7、re he arrived at the airport.他到機(jī)場前飛機(jī)早就起飛了。After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.他在南方生活了將近二十年后，決定去北方碰碰運(yùn)氣。They arrived at the cinema after the film began.電影開始之后他們到了影院。6. no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when這兩個(gè)連詞詞組都是表示主句與從句動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，意為“一就

8、”。主句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒裝。例如：No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.他剛走進(jìn)房間天就開始下起雨來了。He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.他剛上床電話就響了。7. till 和until這兩個(gè)詞的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；在否定句中，主句要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)until和before同義。例如：Until they

9、had finished the work, they did not go home.直到他們完成工作才回家。二、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如because強(qiáng)。例如：He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.因?yàn)闆]有謀到那個(gè)職位，他很沮喪。As it is raining, I will not go out. 因?yàn)橥饷嫦掠?，我就不出去了。Now

10、 that you mention it, I do remember. 既然你提到了那件事，我一定記住。三、地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。例如：Sit wherever you like.隨便坐。Make a mark where you have a question.在你有問題的地方做個(gè)標(biāo)記。四、目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so, so that（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。；例如：Speak clearly, so that they may understand yo

11、u.說的清楚些以便他們能聽懂。She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.他買了一本書目的是能跟上電視上的功課。He left early in case he should miss the train.以免錯(cuò)過火車，他離開的很早。五、結(jié)果狀語從句1.結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that （從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, so that, such that等引導(dǎo)。 例如：She was ill, so that she didnt attend the m

12、eeting. 他病了，因此他沒有參加會(huì)議。He was so excited that he could not say a word. 他是如此的激動(dòng)以至于說不出話來。She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.她是如此好的一個(gè)老師，我們每個(gè)人都很尊敬她。2. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞）+that【小叮嚀】so many （much, few, little） +名詞，such a lo

13、t of （或lots of）+名詞是慣用法，不可亂用。例如：She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.她是如此漂亮的一個(gè)女孩，我們大家都喜歡她。They were such beautiful flowers that we bought home. 花是如此的美麗，我們買回了家。It was such delicious food that they ate it up. 食物是如此美味，他們都吃光了。3. so+形容詞或副詞+that / so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatHe is so rich that he c

14、an buy lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.4. so that, that都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句He didnt study hard, （so） that he failed the exam.5. tooto, enoughto 可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句與sothat 替換，sothat結(jié)構(gòu)可以用tooto替換必須具備兩個(gè)條件，一是主句和結(jié)果狀語從句的主語必須一致，二是從句中的謂語部

15、分必須含有can（could） not.She is so young that she cant go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isnt old enough to go to school.六、條件狀語從句1. 條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )?！拘《摗?/p>

16、條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。例如：If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.如果他沒在辦公室，那他一定出去吃午飯了。You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.只要你把書保持干凈，你就可以借。So far as I know, he will be away for three months.據(jù)我所知，他將離開三個(gè)月。You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far aw

17、ay from the river bank.如果離河岸不太遠(yuǎn)，你可以游泳。If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.如果他早來幾分鐘，他就見到你了。2.if 和unless的用法區(qū)別if 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”，unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。例如：If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying？如果你明天有考試，你為什么不學(xué)習(xí)？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.運(yùn)

18、動(dòng)會(huì)明天將要開始，除非下雨?！拘《摗織l件狀語從句中常用一般時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3.providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在條件下”等意思。例如：All living things respire as long as they live.所有的生物只要他們活著都要呼吸。Supposing (that) you fail a second time, dont get

19、disappointed, but try again.假如你又一次失敗了，不要泄氣，再試一次。On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.如果液體進(jìn)一步冷卻的話，會(huì)變成固體。4. only if和if only的用法區(qū)別only if 引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語氣，意為“只要”； if only引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣，意為“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.惟有你堅(jiān)持下去，你

20、才能成功。If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.如果我有翅膀，我就能夠輕松地環(huán)游地球了。七、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引導(dǎo)。例如：Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.無論你說什么，我不會(huì)改變主意。Al

21、though/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress.盡管她學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但還是進(jìn)步不快。Whenever Im unhappy(No matter when Im unhappy)，it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么時(shí)候我不高興，總是我的朋友給我鼓勵(lì)?！拘《摗?. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。例如：Though he is a child, he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但是他知道的很多。= Child as he is, he knows a

22、lot.2.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式(1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動(dòng)詞副詞”時(shí)，常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.盡管你努力了，你可能不會(huì)成功。(2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞”，常將這個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞提到從句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.盡管你等了，他可能不會(huì)見你。(3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動(dòng)詞單數(shù)名詞”，則常將這個(gè)作表語的名詞提前，但這個(gè)名詞前面的不定冠詞要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right

23、 from wrong.盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，他能明辨是非。八、方式狀語從句1.方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。例如：You must do the exercise as I show you.你必須依照我的動(dòng)作作為示范來鍛煉。He acted as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)的好像什么也沒發(fā)生一樣。2.as 和just as用法區(qū)別二者都表示“如；猶如，正如”。just as 比as強(qiáng)調(diào)的語氣更強(qiáng)。例如：In the early days, people could not count as w

24、e do now.在早期日子中，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計(jì)數(shù)。Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.大部植物像它們需要水一樣，也需要陽光。3.as if 和as though的用法as if 或as though從句可以用陳述語氣，表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況；也可以用虛擬語氣，表示不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反的情況，意為“好像，仿佛”。例如：It looks as though it is going to rain.天看起來要下雨。He spoke as if he were a philosopher.他說話就像是一位哲學(xué)家。(從句動(dòng)詞與主

25、語謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句謂語要用一般過去時(shí))He speaks as if he had been to the moon.他談起話來就好像是去過月球。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，從句謂語要用過去完成時(shí))He speaks as if he would fly to the moon.他談起話來就好像是要飛往月球。(從句動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語之后，從句謂語要用would/could/mightdo)九、比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引導(dǎo)。例如：I have made a lot more mistakes than you hav

26、e.我犯的錯(cuò)誤比你多多了。He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.他吸引他能擔(dān)負(fù)的起的香煙。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙，就感到越幸福。十、使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題1.在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：Well go outing if it doesntt rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我將出去。Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.我

27、一到上海就給你寫信。2.有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動(dòng)詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語 + be”部分。例如：When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.他只有十歲的時(shí)候，就不得不日夜工作。If (you are) asked, you may come in.如果你被叫著，你就可以進(jìn)來。If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.如果有必要，我會(huì)再向你解釋一遍。3.注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)

28、的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。例如：You are to find it where you left it.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定語從句，句中有先行詞）I dont know where he came from.（賓語從句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主語從句）This place is where they once hid.（表語從句）【小試牛刀】I用橫線劃出下列句子中的狀語從句，并指出是哪種狀語從句：1. Ch

29、ild as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began t

30、o rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9. Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. I will find her wherever she may be.

31、 13. Now that you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.14. He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.15. We must do everything as he tells us.16. India is much bigger than Japan.17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.II 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. Let's begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I don't like their food.5.