土建工程合同技術(shù)附件中英文

1、土建工程合同技術(shù)附件（中英文）PART1-GENERA第一部分概要1.01DESCRIPTION工程描述A.ExtentofWork:Theextentofearthworkincludesbutisnotlimitedtosite工程范圍：土方工程范圍包括，但不局限于場(chǎng)地清理，clearance,excavationandbackfillingoftrenchesandpitsforstructures,trenchesforpipes,conduits,channels,walls,etc.,excavationandbackfillingfor結(jié)構(gòu)溝槽，管道，渠道，擋墻等地溝的開挖與回填

2、，walkwaysandslabs,preparationofsubgrade,provisionofborrowpitfill人行道和地板的開挖與回填，地基修整，提供借土坑填料，materialsandfillingandcompactingwhererequired,backfillingandcompacting并對(duì)有要求的借土坑，進(jìn)行回填夯實(shí)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)回填夯實(shí)satisfactorymaterialonsiteanddisposingofsurplusandunsatisfactorymaterials符合要求的土方料，在指定的堆放場(chǎng)地倒掉多余的以及不合要求的土方料toapproveddu

3、mpingareasallasdirected.Theextentofworksspecifiedunder以下章節(jié)所指定的工作內(nèi)容還應(yīng)該包括白蟻的防治工作。thissectionshallalsoincludeantitermitetreatmentandcontrolWorks.1.02QUALITYASSURANCE質(zhì)量保證A. CodesandStandards:Performworkincompliancewithapplicablerequirementsofsafetycodesandregulations.規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：施工應(yīng)符合安全規(guī)范與制度的相關(guān)要求B. Furnishsam

4、plesandperformalltestsandqualitycontrolrequiredfortheproperexecutionofthework,asstipulatedin-MethodsofTestforSoilsforCivilEngineeringPurposes(AllParts),andasrequiredbytheEngineer.根據(jù)BS1377中的規(guī)定-針對(duì)土木工程(所有條款)的土工試驗(yàn)方法，以及工程師的要求，提供樣本，以及進(jìn)行正確施工作業(yè)所要求的工程質(zhì)量控制和實(shí)驗(yàn)。C. TheContractorshallconductsubsurfaceinvestigatio

5、natlocationsagreedwithEngineerpriortocommencementofthework.TheContractorshallsubmitforapprovalhisproposedmethodofinvestigation.Uponcompletionofthework,theContractorshallsubmitaGeotechnicalInvestigationReportcontainingfactualdataandfindingsduringtheinvestigation,andgeotechnicalinterpretationsandrecom

6、mendations,includingbutnotlimitedto:在施工開始前，承包商應(yīng)在工程師同意的地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行地勘作業(yè)。承包商應(yīng)提交其擬采用的地勘方法以獲得批準(zhǔn)。在地勘工作結(jié)束后，承包商應(yīng)及時(shí)提交地質(zhì)勘察報(bào)告，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：在勘探過程中獲取的真實(shí)資料和發(fā)現(xiàn)物，以及地質(zhì)解釋性資料和建議，包括但不局限于：真實(shí)資料應(yīng)1. Factualdatacontainingthefollowinginformation:包含以下內(nèi)容：a) Astatementonthepurposeandrationaleoftheinvestigation.對(duì)勘察目的以及原理的陳述b) Adescriptionoft

7、heworkcarriedout,includingreferencetospecificationsandstandardsadoptedandanydeviationsfromthem.對(duì)已完成的勘察工作的描述，包括：所參考規(guī)范，所采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和與其之間的偏差c) Exploratoryboreholelogs.鉆孔記錄d) Insitutestrecords.原位測(cè)試記錄e) Laboratorytestresults.試驗(yàn)室測(cè)試結(jié)果f) Planwithlocationsofexploratoryholes.探孔平面布置圖2. Theinterpretivedatashallinclud

8、e,butisnotlimitedtothefollowinginformation.解釋性資料應(yīng)包含，但不局限與下列信息a) Generalgeology.地質(zhì)概況b) Subsurfaceconditionsbyareaandsoilprofiles.區(qū)域地下狀況和土壤剖面c) Groundwatercondition.地下水情況d) Earthworkrecommendationsfor:土方工程建議：-Excavationandbackfilling土方開挖和回填I(lǐng)ncludingbutnotlimitedto,fillandcutslopes,compactionrecommenda

9、tion,watercontrolincludingeffectsofartesianpressuresifany,moduliiofsubgradereaction,CBRvalues,fillsettlementetc.包括但不局限于，填方和切削造坡，夯實(shí)建議，包括如有承壓水在內(nèi)的地下水防治，基底反應(yīng)模量，CBRfi。填土沉陷等等。e) Foundationrecommendationfor:對(duì)基礎(chǔ)的建議為：- Deepfoundations(piling)深基礎(chǔ)(樁基)- Shallowfoundation淺基礎(chǔ)Including,butnotlimitedto,designparame

10、ters(bearingcapacities),types,recommendedlevels,anticipatedsettlements,protection,etc.包括但不局限于，設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)(承載力)，基礎(chǔ)類型，建議埋深，預(yù)期沉降，基礎(chǔ)保護(hù)等等。D.TestsforProposedSoilMaterials:對(duì)擬采用土料試驗(yàn)1. TestsoilmaterialsproposedforuseintheworkandpromptlysubmittestreportresultstotheEngineerforapproval.測(cè)試本工程擬使用的土方料，并及時(shí)向工程師提交測(cè)試報(bào)告結(jié)果，以獲得

11、批準(zhǔn)2. Provideoptimummoisture-maximumdensityofrelativedensitytestdataasappropriateforeachtypeofsoilencounteredinsubgrade,fillsandbackfills.DeterminemaximumandrelativedensitiesinaccordancewithBS1377.提供適合于地基中遇到的每種土質(zhì)以及填土和回填土的最佳濕度-最大相對(duì)密實(shí)度試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。依照BS1377確定土的最大密度和相對(duì)密度。3. Determinethephysicalandmechanicalprope

12、rtiesandsuitabilityofsubgradematerials,fillsandbackfills.確定地基土料，填料和回填料的物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)及其適應(yīng)性。4. TestforProposedMaterials:PerformandreporttotheEngineerthefollowingsamplingandtestingfortheproposedsubgradematerials,fillsandbackfillsforeachtypeoffillmaterialallinaccordancewithBS1377:擬使用土料的測(cè)試：根據(jù)BS1377，對(duì)擬采用的土基材料，及

13、各類填土和回填土進(jìn)行以下測(cè)試和取樣，并向工程師提交報(bào)告：a. DryandWetPreparationofSoilSamplesforParticles-SizeAnalysisandDeterminationofSoilConstants制備干、濕土樣以進(jìn)行顆粒粒徑分析，并確定土壤常數(shù)b. LiquidLimit,PlasticLimitandPlasticityIndexofSoils土的液限，朔限和朔限指數(shù)c. ParticleSizeDistributionandtheAmountofMaterialFinerthantheNo.200SieveinSoils粒徑分布，以及粒徑小于20

14、0號(hào)篩的土在土壤中的含量d. TestsforIn-SituDensityofSoil土的原位密實(shí)度測(cè)試e. Moisture-DensityRelationsofSoilsUsing4.50kgRammer457mmDrop.MethodD使用4.50kg擊實(shí)錘，457m偌距，方法D,測(cè)試土的密與濕度的關(guān)系f. TestforCaliforniaBearingRatio加利福尼亞承載比試驗(yàn)g. TestforRelativeDensityofCohesionlessSoils無粘性土相對(duì)密實(shí)度測(cè)試h. TestforDensityofSoilinPlacebytheRubberBalloon

15、Method用橡膠球測(cè)試法在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)土進(jìn)行的密實(shí)度測(cè)試5.MinimumTestRequired:Theabovetestsshallbecarriedoutforeachtypeofborrowpitfillmaterialbutnotlessthan3eachforeverylayerofborrowpitfillmaterials.試驗(yàn)的最低要求：對(duì)每一類借土坑填土料都要進(jìn)行上述試驗(yàn)，但借土坑中的每一層土料，測(cè)試點(diǎn)不得少于3個(gè)E.Anti-termiteTreatment:Pre-constructionalanti-termitetreatmentofsoilalongtheperimet

16、erofthebuildingandsoilfacesincontactwiththebuildingincludingtreatingbackfillwithanti-termitematerialsasrequiredshallbeundertakenbyanapprovedspecialisedSub-contractorinaccordancewiththefollowingmainrequirementsandguidelines:白蟻防治：根據(jù)要求在施工前，對(duì)建筑物周邊土壤以及與建筑物直接接觸的土壤表面進(jìn)行防白蟻處理，包括用防白蟻藥劑對(duì)回填土進(jìn)行處理，應(yīng)該根據(jù)以下主要要求和準(zhǔn)則，讓

17、經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的專業(yè)分包商來承擔(dān)。1. TheContractorshallsubmitfulldetailsofthespecialisedSub-contractorwhomheproposestousefortheapprovaloftheEngineer.承包商應(yīng)向工程師提交擬使用的專業(yè)分包商的全部詳細(xì)資料以獲得批準(zhǔn)2. TheContractorshallsubmitamethodstatementtotheEngineerdetailingthemostappropriatemethodalongwiththerateofapplicationfortheexistingsitecondi

18、tionsandtakingintoconsiderationtheconfigurationandlayofthebuilding,fortheapprovaloftheEngineerbeforecommencinganywork.Thecontractorshallalsofurnishfulldetailsofthechecmicalsheproposestousealongwithallnecessarydocumentalevidenceasrequiredforcompliancewiththeregulations,localauthoritiesrequirementsand

19、proventrackrecord.Themostappropriatemethodtobeusedshallbedecidedatthetimeofconstructionafterconsideringallaspects.在任何施工作業(yè)開始前，承包商應(yīng)向工程師提交方法陳述以獲得工程師的批準(zhǔn)，該陳述應(yīng)詳細(xì)說明最適合的方法及針對(duì)場(chǎng)地實(shí)際情況的藥劑施用量，并將建筑物的輪廓形狀及位置考慮在內(nèi)。承包商還要提交其擬使用的化學(xué)藥劑的詳細(xì)資料，并附帶所所有必要的證明文件，如所要求遵守的規(guī)定，當(dāng)?shù)刂鞴懿块T的要求和業(yè)績(jī)記錄證明。所采用的最適合本工程的施工方法應(yīng)在經(jīng)多方面考量之后，在即將施工時(shí)才能確定。3.

20、HoweveranyapprovalaccordedbytheengineershallnotrelievetheContractor/Sub-Contractorofanyresponsibilitiesandcontractualobligations.然而工程師的批準(zhǔn)并不能減輕承包商、分包商的任何責(zé)任和合同義務(wù)。4. Thetreatmentshallguaranteethatthebuildingwillremainfreefromanytermiteactivitiesforaminimumdurationof10yearsafterthecompletionoftheWorks.T

21、hespecialisedSub-contractorshallgiveanundertakingthatinthecaseofinfestationofthesaidstructurebyanytermiteactivities,heshallcarryoutsuchtreatment(s)asmaybenecessarytorenderthestructurefreefromtermiteinfestationwithoutanyextracosttotheEmployer,andtilltheendofthetenyearsperiodstatedabove.白蟻防治處理應(yīng)確保在工程完工

22、后至少10年之內(nèi)，建筑物免受白蟻活動(dòng)的侵害。專業(yè)分包公司應(yīng)給出承諾，假如上述結(jié)構(gòu)遭受白蟻活動(dòng)的侵害，他應(yīng)該在不增加業(yè)主額外費(fèi)用的前提下，采用這種可能是必要的處理方法，以使得結(jié)構(gòu)免于遭受白蟻活動(dòng)的侵害，直到上述10年期限結(jié)束1.03JOBCONDITIONS施工條件A. Siteinformation:Subsurfaceinvestigationincludingboring,sampling,testingandfoundationrecommendationshallbecarriedoutbytheContractorasspecifiedin1.02Chereinabove.場(chǎng)地信息收

23、集：如上文1.02C所確定的包括鉆孔，取樣，測(cè)試在內(nèi)的地勘和基礎(chǔ)建議，應(yīng)由承包商負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施B. UseofExplosives:TheuseofexplosivesfortheWorkwillnotbepermitted,norshalltheContractorimportanyexplosivesintoUAEinconnectionwiththeworkunderthisContract.爆破的使用：本工程不允許采用爆破施工，按照本合同，也不能向與本工程相關(guān)的阿拉伯國(guó)家進(jìn)口爆炸物品人身及財(cái)產(chǎn)的保護(hù)C. ProtectionofPersonsandProperty:1. Barricadeo

24、penexcavationsmadeasapartofearthworkoperationsandpostwithwarninglights.Operatewarninglightsduringhoursfromdusktodawneachdayandasotherwiserequired.作為土方施工的一部分，對(duì)敞開挖基坑應(yīng)設(shè)置圍護(hù)，并架設(shè)警示燈。除另有要求外，從黃昏到黎明的每一天警示燈都應(yīng)處于開啟狀態(tài)。2. Protectstructures,utilities,pavements,andotherfacilitiesfromdamagecausedbysettlement,lateral

25、movements,undermining,washout,andotherhazardscreatedbyearthworkoperations.防止由于沉降，側(cè)移，坑道開挖，沖刷，以及由于土方施工而引起其他災(zāi)害對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)，市政設(shè)施，鋪路面，及其他設(shè)施的破壞3. Takeprecautionsandprovidenecessarybracingandshoringtoguardagainstmovementorsettlementofexistingimprovementsornewconstruction.Incarryingoutexcavationandotherworksclosetoe

26、xistingstructuresandtopreventsubsidenceofthefoundationofsuchstructures,theContractorshallprovideandshallberesponsibleforthestrengthandadequacyofthenecessarysheeting,bracingandshoringasrequiredinorderthattheexcavation,backfillingandanyotherworkcanbesafelyperformed.TheContractorshallincludeinhisratesf

27、oralladditionaltemporaryworksthatmayberequiredtopreventanydamagetosuchstructures.采取預(yù)防措施和架設(shè)必要的支撐系統(tǒng)來防止原有改建結(jié)構(gòu)或新建結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生位移和沉降。在靠近原建筑物附近進(jìn)行開挖和從事其他施工作業(yè)，以及為防止該建筑物基礎(chǔ)沉降，承包商應(yīng)采用所要求的足夠強(qiáng)度和數(shù)量的必要撐板和支撐，以保證開挖、回填和任何其他施工作業(yè)都能夠安全進(jìn)行，并對(duì)其負(fù)責(zé)。承包商的報(bào)價(jià)應(yīng)包含為預(yù)防任何對(duì)這種結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞所需采取的所有額外的臨性工程。PART2-PRODUCTS產(chǎn)品2.01DEFINITIONS定義A. SatisfactorySo

28、ilMaterials:Satisfactorysoilmaterialsforbackfillandfillaredefinedandshallcomplywiththosedetailedin.BS1377合格的土方料;在BS1377中定義了合格的填方料和回填方料，并應(yīng)符合在BS1377中所詳述內(nèi)容。B. UnsatisfactorySoilMaterials:UnsatisfactorysoilmaterialsforbackfillandfillanddescribedinBS1377,unlessotherwiseacceptabletotheEngineer.不合格土料：在BS13

29、77定義不合格的填方料和回填方料，除非工程師能夠接受C. CohesionlessSoilMaterials:Cohesionlesssoilmaterialsincludegravels,sand-gravelmixtures,sandsandgravelly-sands.非粘性土料：非粘性土料包括礫石，砂礫，砂和礫砂D. CohesiveSoilMaterials:粘性土1. Cohesivesoilmaterialsincludeclayeyandsiltygravels,sand-claymixtures,gravel-siltmixtures,clayeyandsiltysands,

30、sand-siltmixtures,clays,silts,andeveryfinesands.粘性土料包括粘土質(zhì)和粉土質(zhì)礫石，砂與粉土混合土，粘土，粉土，和特細(xì)砂2. Cohesivesoilmaterialsaredefinedasthosehavingaplasticityindexexceeding11and/orhavingamountpassingU.S.sieveNo.200exceeding36%.粘性土料被定義為那些朔性指數(shù)超過11和（或）通過美國(guó)200號(hào)篩的顆粒數(shù)量超過36%的土3. Soilmaterialexhibitingcohesivenessandmeetingt

31、herequirementsofsatisfactorysoilsshallbeconsideredbytheEngineersatisfactorysoilmaterial.那些顯示出粘性的土料以及符合合格土質(zhì)的土料，應(yīng)該由工程師認(rèn)定為合格土料2.02SOILMATERIALS土料A. BackfillandFillMaterials:回填料及填料1. General:Providesatisfactorysoilmaterialsforbackfillandfill,freeofrockorgravellargerthan50mminanydimension,andfreeofclay,d

32、ebris,waste,vegetableandotherdeleteriousmatter.Useexcavatedorborrowmaterialthathasbeensampled,testedandapprovedbytheEngineerassatisfactorysoilmaterial.概述：為回填和填土提供合格的土料，不得含有任彳粒徑大于50mm勺巖石或礫石，以及土塊，碎磚瓦快，垃圾，植物和其它有害的物質(zhì)。采用那些經(jīng)過取樣，測(cè)試和經(jīng)工程師同意采用的開挖土和借土最為合格土料。2. Borrow:Borrowshallconsistoftheexcavationofmaterial

33、fromborrowpitsselectedbytheContractorandapprovedbytheEngineer.Heshallpayallroyaltiesandbearallexpenseofdevelopingthesourcesandofhandling,haulingandplacingthematerialatnoadditionalcosttotheEmployer.借土：借土應(yīng)包含從經(jīng)分包商的挑選的借土坑中挖取的土料，并經(jīng)由工程師同意。分包商應(yīng)支付所有許可開采費(fèi)用和承擔(dān)這種資源開發(fā)的所有費(fèi)用，以及處理，搬運(yùn)和放置這種土料，而不得向業(yè)主索取額外費(fèi)用B. PavedAre

34、as:Providesatisfactorysoilmaterials,asdefined,tohaveasoakedCBRofnotlessthan15%asdeterminedbyBS1377.鋪裝區(qū)域：提供合格的土料，如定義的那樣，飽和CBRfi不超過BS1377確定的15%1.SoilgroupclassificationA-3shallnotbeusedfortop200mmofsubgrade.A-3類土不得用于土基表面200mmi內(nèi)的范圍2.03ANTI-TERMITETREATMENTMATERIALS蟻處理材料Materialsincorporatedintheanti-te

35、rmitetreatmentandcontrolshallbeincludedbytheContractorinhissubmittal.Fulldetailsofthechemicalsheproposestousealongwithallnecessarydocumentalevidenceasrequiredforcompliancewiththeregulations,localauthoritiesrequirementsandproventrackrecord,shallalsobesubmittedfortheapprovaloftheEngineer.白蟻的處理與防治所使用的材

36、料應(yīng)包含在承包商所提交的資料中，其擬使用的化學(xué)藥劑詳細(xì)資料，與之一起的，符合法規(guī)所要求的所有必要的證明材料，當(dāng)?shù)匦姓芾聿块T的要求和經(jīng)得起證明的業(yè)績(jī)資料，都應(yīng)該提交，并獲得工程師的批準(zhǔn)PART3-EXECUTION開挖3.01INSPECTION檢查A.TheContractorshallexaminethesubstratesandtheconditionsunderwhichtheearthworkshallbeperformedandcorrectanyunsatisfactoryconditions.Donotproceedwiththeworkuntilunsatisfactoryc

37、onditionshavebeencorrectedinamanneracceptabletotheEngineer.承包商應(yīng)檢查下部土層和工作條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行土方施工，并改正任何不符合要求的作業(yè)條件。只有當(dāng)這種條件在以工程師能夠接受的某種方式進(jìn)行糾正之后，施工作業(yè)才能進(jìn)行。3.02SITECLEARANCE場(chǎng)地清理A. TopSoilRemoval:表土清理1. Unsuitabletopsoilisdefinedasfriableclayloamsurfacesoilorotherencrustedorobjectionablesurfacesoilfoundindepthofnotl

38、essthan600mm.不符合要求的表土被定義為易碎的粘壤土地表土，或其它板結(jié)或令人不滿意的地表土2. Stripunsuitabletopsoiltoaminimum100mmdepthsinfillareas,andinsuchmannersoastopreventinterminglingwiththeunderlyingsub-soil.StrippingoftopsoilshallbesubjecttotheapprovaloftheEngineer.在填方區(qū)，剝離至少100mmi不適合的地表土，用這種方式可以防止與下部土壤相混合，表土清除取決于工程師的同意B. Disposalo

39、fWasteMaterial:Transportwastematerials,unsuitablematerials,topsoilmaterials,trashanddebristoapproveddumpingareas.廢棄土料的處理：運(yùn)走廢棄的，不適用的土和地表土，垃圾，廢渣到指的定區(qū)域進(jìn)行堆放3.03EXCAVATION開挖A. General:Excavationconsistsoftheremovalofallmaterialsencounteredwhenestablishingtherequiredgradeelevations,settingasidesatisfactor

40、ysoilmaterialforreuseinbackfillingandfillingintrenches,aroundstructuresandwalkwaysanddisposalofunsatisfactoryandexcessmaterials.綜述：開挖包括移除在建立起所要求的基底高程過程中所有遇到的所有土料，并將合格的土料放置在旁邊，并在地溝，建筑物周邊和人行道施工中再次使用，以及處理那些不合格以及多余的土料B. UnauthorizedExcavation:未經(jīng)授權(quán)的開挖1. Unauthorizedexcavationconsistsofremovalofmaterialsb

41、eyondindicatedsubgradeelevationsorsidedimensionswithoutthespecificdirectionoftheEngineer.Replaceunauthorizedexcavationashereinspecified.未經(jīng)授權(quán)的開挖包括移除那些超過指定基底標(biāo)高或超過指定周邊尺寸的土料，而沒有經(jīng)過工程師明確指示的土方。替換這里所明確指示的非授權(quán)土方2. Understructuresfilltheunauthorizedexcavationwithplainconcrete,14.0MPaminimumcompressivestrength,

42、totherequiredgrade.BackfillunauthorizedexcavationwithsatisfactorysoilmaterialonlywhenacceptabletotheEngineer.Compactionofsuchbackfillmaterialshallbetoitsfulldepthandtonotlessthan97%ofmaximumdrydensityor77%relativedensityasapplicable.在結(jié)構(gòu)之下用不小于14.0MP機(jī)壓強(qiáng)度的素混凝土填回的非授權(quán)挖方部分，至要求的基底，僅僅在工程師接受的情況下，才可以用合格土料回填非授

43、權(quán)挖方段。對(duì)這種回填土整個(gè)厚度范圍內(nèi)的土進(jìn)行夯實(shí)，視具體情況，其最大干密度不小于97%，相對(duì)密實(shí)度不小于77%3. Elsewhere,backfillandcompactunauthorizedexcavationsasspecifiedforauthorizedexcavationsofthesameclassificationunlessotherwisedirectedbytheEngineer.除工程師另有指示之外，在其他地方，回填和夯實(shí)非授權(quán)的挖方，可如同具體指定的同樣類型區(qū)域的授權(quán)挖方一樣處理C. AdditionalExcavation:Whenexcavationhasrea

44、chedrequiredsubgradeelevations,notifytheEngineerfortheinspectionofconditions.額外挖方：當(dāng)開挖至要求的基底標(biāo)高時(shí)，通知工程師對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況進(jìn)行檢查1.IfunsuitablebearingmaterialsareencounteredattherequiredgradeelevationscarryexcavationsdeeperandreplacetheexcavatedmaterialtothedepthasdirectedbytheEngineerandasfollows:如果在要求的基底標(biāo)高處遇到不適合的承載土，

45、應(yīng)繼續(xù)下挖，并替換工程師指定開挖深度范圍內(nèi)的土方，并遵循下列要求：a. Underpavedareasusesatisfactoryfillmaterialscompactedasspecified.在鋪面區(qū)域，使用合格料回填，并按規(guī)定夯實(shí)b. Underfoundationsofstructuresuseplainconcretefillingof14.0MPaminimumcompressivestrength.在結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)之下，采用不低于14.0MPa抗壓強(qiáng)度的素混凝土回填D. ClassificationofExcavations:Allexcavationsshallbedoneona

46、nunclassifiedbasis.Noconsiderationwillbegiventothenatureofthematerials,includingthatofrock.挖方分類：所有開挖均應(yīng)該為不分類開挖。不考慮土料的性質(zhì)，包括巖石在內(nèi)E. StabilityofExcavation:挖方的穩(wěn)定性1. Unlessotherwiserequired,slopethesidesofexcavationtotheangleofreposeofthematerialexcavated,otherwiseshoreandbracewhereslopingisnotpossibleeith

47、erbecauseofspacerestrictionsorstabilityofmaterialexcavated.除非另有要求，對(duì)開挖坑邊進(jìn)行修坡至開挖土料的休止角，而對(duì)于不可能修坡，或場(chǎng)地受嚴(yán)格限制或被開挖的土方穩(wěn)定性不足的地方，就要采用支撐加固2. Maintainsidesandslopesofexcavationsinasafeconditionuntilcompletionofbackfilling.保持挖坑邊坡的安全處于安全狀態(tài)，直到完成回填3. Takeprecautionstopreventslidesorcave-insinexcavation.預(yù)防挖坑滑坡或塌頂F. S

48、horingandBracing:支撐1. TheContractorshallfurnish,putinplaceandmaintainsuchsheeting,bracing,etc.asmaybenecessarytosupportthesidesoftheexcavationandtopreventanymovementofearthwhichcouldinanywaydiminishthewidthoftheexcavationtolessthanthatnecessaryforproperconstruction,orcouldotherwiseinjureordelaythewo

49、rk,orendangeradjacentservicesorstructures.IftheEngineerisoftheopinionthatatanypointsufficientorpropersupportshavenotbeenprovided,hemayorderadditionalsupportsputinattheexpenseoftheContractor.承包商應(yīng)提供，安裝和維護(hù)這樣的支板、支撐桿等，其對(duì)基坑周邊支護(hù)或許是必須的，可以防止土的任何位移，這種位移可以在任何方向減少基坑的尺寸，從而導(dǎo)致其小于正常施工所必須的尺寸，或引起其他方面的傷害或延誤施工，或危及周邊各種設(shè)

50、施或結(jié)構(gòu)。如果工程師判斷在任何地點(diǎn)沒有提供足夠和正確的支撐，那么他或許指令增加支撐，該費(fèi)用由承包商擔(dān)負(fù)。2. Whereverpossible,sheetingandbracing,shallbedrivenaheadofexcavationtoavoidlossofmaterialfrombehindthesheeting;careshallbetakentoavoidtrimmingbehindthefacealongwhichthesheetingshallbedriven.Careshallbetakentopreventvoidsoutsideofthesheeting,butifv

51、oidsoccursuchvoidsshallbefilledandcompactedwithapprovedmaterial.在任何可能的地方，支撐板和支撐應(yīng)該在挖方之前，將其打入以避免支撐板后面的土方松動(dòng)；應(yīng)注意應(yīng)避免修整擋板后面的土，應(yīng)當(dāng)心防止擋板外側(cè)出現(xiàn)空洞，但假如出現(xiàn)了空洞，那么應(yīng)該采用允許的材料將這些空洞回填和壓實(shí)3. Sheetingandbracingshallbecarefullyremovedinsuchamannerasnottoendangertheconstructionorotherstructures.Allvoidsleftorcausedbythewithdr

52、awalofsheetingshallbeback-filledimmediatelywithapprovedmaterialandcompactedbyrammingwithtoolsespeciallyadaptedforthatpurposeorbyothermeansasmaybedirected.Sheetingandbracingforpipetrenchesshallbedesignedinsuchamannerastopermitgradualwithdrawalduringtheplacingofpipeembedmentorconcreteorvoidsareleftbet

53、weenthepipeencasementorembedmentandthesidesofthetrenches.擋板和支撐應(yīng)該以不危及施工及其它結(jié)構(gòu)的方式移除。所有留下空洞或由于移除擋板留下的空洞，應(yīng)該用允許的材料立即回填，并用專用工具或按指定的其它方夯實(shí)。對(duì)于管道溝所采用的擋板和支撐應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)成，在鋪設(shè)管填料或混凝土?xí)r可以允許緩慢取出，或在溝側(cè)與管道填料或管道套之間留設(shè)空隙4. TheContractorshall,subjecttoapprovaloftheEngineer,leaveinplaceanysheeting,bracingetc.,whichisrequiredornecess

54、arytobeleftinplaceforthepurposeofpreventinginjurytostructuresofproperty.承包商應(yīng)根據(jù)要求將擋板，支撐等等留在原處，或是基于防止對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷的目的將其留在原處5. TheContractorshallberesponsibleforanydamagetotheWorksandforanyinjurytopersonsorpropertycausedbyorarisingoutoftheremovalofthesheetingandbracing.TheEngineer'spermissionorapprovaltot

55、hewithdrawalofsuchsheetingandbracingshallnotrelievetheContractorfromthisresponsibility.承包商應(yīng)對(duì)由于擋板和支撐的移除而引起或由此產(chǎn)生的任何對(duì)工程的破壞，或任何對(duì)人員的傷害，及財(cái)產(chǎn)的損壞負(fù)責(zé)。工程師對(duì)移除這樣的擋板和支撐的同意或批準(zhǔn)，不能減輕承包商對(duì)此應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任G. ExcavationforStructures:結(jié)構(gòu)挖方1. Conformtotheelevationsanddimensionsshownonthedrawings,withinatoleranceofplusorminus25mmande

56、xtendingasufficientdistancefromfoundationstopermitplacingandremovalofconcreteformwork,installationofservices,andforotherconstructionrequired,andforinspection.遵照?qǐng)D紙中的標(biāo)高和尺寸，將誤差控制在±25mmi內(nèi),并擴(kuò)大與基礎(chǔ)之間有足夠距離，以便能夠安裝和拆除混凝土模板，安裝輔助設(shè)施，和滿足其他施工要求及方便檢查2. Inexcavatingforfoundations,andundergroundstructures,takeca

57、renottodisturbthebottomoftheexcavation.Excavatebyhandtofinalgradeandelevation.Trimandcompactbottomstotherequiredlinesandgradetoleaveasolidbasetoreceivestructure.在基礎(chǔ)和地下結(jié)構(gòu)的開挖過程中，注意不要擾動(dòng)基坑底部基土。用人工開挖至最終的基底和標(biāo)高，修整和夯實(shí)基底達(dá)到要求的輪廓和平整度，以堅(jiān)實(shí)地基承載上部結(jié)構(gòu)3. Whererockisencounteredunderconcretefootings,andthelike,itmayben

58、ecessary,dependingontheconditionofsuchrock,toexcavateandremoveanyweatheredrocktoensurethatfootingsarefoundedonsoundrock.Engineershalldirectonsite,asnecessary.在混凝土基礎(chǔ)下方遇到巖石，或類似物的地方，視這種巖石的狀況，或許有必要開挖或移除任何風(fēng)化的巖石以確?；A(chǔ)能坐落在堅(jiān)實(shí)的巖石上。H. ExcavationforTrenchesforPiping:管溝開挖I. Excavatetrenchestotheuniformwidthrequiredfortheparticularitemtobeinstalledsufficientlywidetoprovideampleworkingroom.Maintaini