大學英語四級應試寫作

1、四級寫作四級寫作大學英語四級考試大綱大學英語四級考試大綱對寫作的要求對寫作的要求v教育部（2006修訂版）明確規(guī)定寫作部分要求考生達到大學英語課程教學要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性寫作任務，能描述個人經(jīng)歷、觀感、情感和發(fā)生的事件等，能寫常見的應用文，能就一般性話題或提綱在半小時內(nèi)寫出至少120詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整，用詞恰當，語意連貫。能掌握基本的寫作技巧?！?評分標準評分標準v短文寫作要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)根據(jù)提綱寫出一篇120詞以上的短文，本部分的得分占總分的15%，采用總分評分法（Global Scoring），從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。滿分為15分，共分五等：14分、1

2、1分、8分、5分及2分（注：四級作文在試卷總分中占15%，改卷時按照作文總分15分來評改，然后經(jīng)過處理轉(zhuǎn)化為710分中的作文分數(shù)）。各個分數(shù)檔的標準如下：評分評分依據(jù)（依據(jù)（1. 主題主題、2. 表達表達、3. 文字文字、4. 語言語言）14分切題切題，表達表達思想清楚，文字文字通順，連貫性較好?；旧蠠o語言語言錯誤，僅有個別拼寫錯誤。 11分切題切題，表達表達思想清楚，文字文字通順，但有少量語言語言錯誤。 8分基本切題切題，有些地方表達表達思想不夠清楚，文字文字勉強連貫；語言語言錯誤相當多，其中有一些是嚴重錯誤。 5分基本切題切題，表達表達思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴重錯誤。 2分條理不

3、清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。0分白卷；文不對題，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達思想。 v備注：備注：閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標準，對照樣卷評分，若認為與某一分數(shù)（如8分）相似，即定為該分數(shù)（即8分）；若認為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該檔次，則可加分（即9分）或減1分（即7分），但不得加或減半分。 v字數(shù)不足按下表所示酌情扣分：v 累計字數(shù)90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 49扣分123579歷年真題分析與總結(jié)歷年真題分析與總結(jié)v一、請看近十年的一、請看近十年的20套作文試題列表分析：套作文試題列表分析： 參見參見大學英語四級考試教程大學英語四級考試教程P

4、61二、縱觀歷年大學英語四級考試作文題目，我們不難二、縱觀歷年大學英語四級考試作文題目，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，近年來的四級作文凸顯發(fā)現(xiàn)，近年來的四級作文凸顯三大趨勢三大趨勢：序號序號內(nèi)容內(nèi)容1實用性實用性增強增強從體裁體裁上看，議論文、說明文、應用文寫作占絕大多數(shù)，記敘文偶爾也會涉及。到目前為止，雖然議論文議論文占絕對優(yōu)勢，但近年來應用文應用文上升的勢頭很猛，書信、歡迎詞、祝賀詞、招聘書、解說詞、見證書、競選演說等頻頻出現(xiàn)，集中體現(xiàn)了大綱對實際運用語言能力的要求。 2主要考核主要考核三大主題三大主題從內(nèi)容內(nèi)容上看，所考題型都與考生熟悉的生活事件與現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。就話題話題而言，四級作文主要有三類：社會熱門話

5、題、校園生活話題和日常生活話題，如教師節(jié)、英語口試、計算機的使用、求職面試、上大學的費用等等，因此，平時應盡量偏向這幾方面的主題進行練習。 3注重注重綜合能力綜合能力的考核的考核四級作文從傾向于單純考查某一文體，逐漸過渡到幾種文體的結(jié)合幾種文體的結(jié)合。如：2004年6月的A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction是一篇解說詞，屬應用文，但同時要求說明和描寫。這說明作文命題越來越靈活。 四級寫作基本模式四級寫作基本模式三段式三段式文章引言段主題句 (Topic Sentence)擴展句1 (Developing Sentence 1)擴展句2 (De

6、veloping Sentence 1)結(jié)尾句 (Concluding Sentence)發(fā)展段主題句 (TS)擴展句1 (DS1)擴展句2 (DS2)結(jié)尾句 (CS)結(jié)尾段主題句 (TS)擴展句1 (DS1)擴展句2 (DS2)結(jié)尾句 (CS)三、為了便于考生盡快掌握四級作文的寫作方三、為了便于考生盡快掌握四級作文的寫作方法，在此綜合歷年四級考試作文真題，重點介法，在此綜合歷年四級考試作文真題，重點介紹紹七類七類常見的寫作類型常見的寫作類型。v. 對比選擇型對比選擇型v. 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型v. 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型v. 問題解決型問題解決型v. 應用型應用型v. 綜合敘事型綜合敘事型v.

7、 圖表型圖表型. 對比選擇型對比選擇型特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v對比選擇型議論文是大學英語四級考試寫作最常見最常見的寫作題型。一般來說，這類議論文的通常是對一個觀點或事物的正反兩方面正反兩方面或者兩種不同的觀點或事物兩種不同的觀點或事物進行對比對比，從而引出主題，得出結(jié)論。在對兩種不同的觀點或事物進行對比時，主要運用比較和對比兩種寫作技巧。在四級考試中曾多次出現(xiàn)此類議論文。. 對比選擇型對比選擇型寫作流程寫作流程v第一段：簡介簡介。(簡單介紹某一現(xiàn)象或事物。)v第二段：主要對比觀點或事物主要對比觀點或事物。(分析某一觀點或事物的正反兩面，或比較兩種不同的觀點或事物。)v第三段：結(jié)論結(jié)論。(

8、得出結(jié)論，或提出自己的看法。)v或者或者v第一段：主要觀點或事物甲主要觀點或事物甲。(簡單提及某一現(xiàn)象或事物，并分析該現(xiàn)象或事物的好處。)v第二段：主要觀點或事物乙主要觀點或事物乙。(分析該現(xiàn)象或事物的利弊。)v第三段：結(jié)論結(jié)論。(得出結(jié)論，或提出自己的看法。). 對比選擇型對比選擇型句子模板句子模板v1. 對比不同觀點/對比法：v When it comes to , peoples ideas/views/notions/opinions vary from person to person/from one to another.v There is no consensus(共識) o

9、f opinions/there are some controversies/there is no agreement among people as to do /as to the view of .v Whenever people , they will come across the problem of whether they should or , and it is natural for different opinions to arise.v The general public has been debating whether or not . 對比選擇型對比選

10、擇型句子模板句子模板v1. 對比不同觀點/對比法：v Some people think we should . They say that . While others think otherwise .They argue that .v Some people advocate that . Others hold the opposite opinion/adopt a totally different view/take an opposite side. They believe .v Those in favor of believe/claim that . Those op

11、pose to argue/hold/point out that .v Everything has two sides and is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages. 對比選擇型對比選擇型句子模板句子模板v2. 在兩種對立觀點中選擇一種觀點/表明自己的觀點：v Were it left to me to decide whether we should , I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.v As far as I am concer

12、ned, the former/latter notion is preferable/holds more weight.v As for me, I agree to/prefer to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behinds my belief. First of all, .v Weighing up the arguments on both sides, Im inclined to believe that . 對比選擇型對比選擇型句子模板句子模板v2. 在兩種對立觀點中選擇一種觀點/表明自己的觀點

13、：v In my opinion/mind, we should .v From my perspective/point of view, I think .v Personally speaking, I approve of .v From what I have discussed above, I can draw the conclusion that .v【模板一】v 1 Nowadays, wherever you go, you will hear people talk about . 2 Whether you like it or not, it had become

14、a part of our life. v 3 Some people who are in favor of maintaining that . 4 In their view, . 5 While those who are against argue that . 6 Besides, .v 7 As far as I am concerned, I stand on the side of . 8 First of all, 9 Furthermore, . 10 Thirdly, . 11 Therefore, . 對比選擇型對比選擇型作文模板作文模板v【模板二】v 1 Views

15、/Opinion on (Attitudes towards) vary from person to person. 2 Some people think that . 3 They hold this opinion because (they think) . v 4 Others, however, take a negative / positive attitude to . (Others, nevertheless, are more pessimistic / optimistic about it). 5 From their point of view, . 6 Bes

16、ides, . v 7 In my opinion/Personally /From my point view /If asked my attitude, I am more in favor of . 8 I stand in / hold this attitude /opinion / view because . 9 Its true that , but it doesnt mean that . 10 Therefore / In a word/ In short, . 11 Instead, we should . 對比選擇型對比選擇型作文模板作文模板. 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型

17、特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v 現(xiàn)象闡釋型的作文通常先指明一種現(xiàn)象或提出一種觀點，然后對這一現(xiàn)象或觀點進行解釋，最后得出結(jié)論或發(fā)表個人見解。. 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作流程寫作流程v第一段：概述概述。(簡要描述某一現(xiàn)象或某一觀點。)v第二段：具體闡述具體闡述。(具體闡釋現(xiàn)象或觀點的正確性正確性或危害性或危害性等。)v第三段：個人見解個人見解。(表明自己的態(tài)度或看法。)v或者或者v第一段：概述概述。(簡單描述某一現(xiàn)象或觀點。)v第二段：具體闡述具體闡述。(具體闡述引起這種現(xiàn)象的或持有這種觀點考慮的主要因素考慮的主要因素。)v第三段：個人評價個人評價。(對現(xiàn)象或者觀點進行評價。). 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象

18、解釋型句子模板句子模板v1. 分析原因：v There are many/plenty of/ a number of/ numerous reasons explaining/ for .v The reasons of lie in several aspects .v Many factors contribute to . v There are many reasons that many account for .v The reasons for/why are as follows: .v There are many reasons for it, but generally

19、, they come down in three major ones. 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型句子模板句子模板v1. 分析原因：v is mainly caused by .v What caused these changes? .v There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change.v The reasons that caused changes are diverse. On the one hand, . On the other hand, .v The rapid growth of owes much t

20、o . 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型句子模板句子模板v2. 總結(jié)歸納 / 說明影響 / 表明作者態(tài)度 / 以作者個人為例：v Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that .v In short/ In brief, .v To solve the problem of , we .v From all the facts given above, we can see .v Considering all these /Taking all these into consideration/account, I believe .v As t

21、o/for me, I believe .v Take me as an example/In my own case, I .v【模板一】v 1 In recent years, (描寫現(xiàn)狀或趨勢). 2 This has caused a lot of problems.v 3 First, (結(jié)果1). 4 For example, (細節(jié)，說明結(jié)果1). 5 Second, (結(jié)果2). (細節(jié)，說明結(jié)果2). 6 Finally, (結(jié)果3). (細節(jié)，說明結(jié)果3).v 7 Since is such a serious problem, we should take effecti

22、ve measures to . 8 First, we should (措施1). 9 Besides, (措施2). 10 And finally, (措施3). . 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板作文模板v【模板二】v 1 At present/ In recent years/ Nowadays, (描寫現(xiàn)狀或趨勢). 2 It may someday become the main trend when (進一步描述這一現(xiàn)象或觀點).v 3 Three major elements/factors would be taken into consideration when (doin

23、g sth). 4 First of all, (主要因素1). 5 Moreover, (主要因素2). 6 Last, (主要因素3). 7 From their perspective, .v 8 Everything has both positive and negative aspects, and (這種現(xiàn)象或觀點) is of no exception. 9 (這種現(xiàn)象或觀點的正確性). 10 However, (這種觀點或現(xiàn)象的危害性). . 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板作文模板. 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v 原因解釋型作文的重點在于探討產(chǎn)生某一社會現(xiàn)

24、象或問題的原因。近十年來，原因闡釋型議論文在四級考試中出現(xiàn)的并不多。. 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型寫作流程寫作流程v第一段：現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象。(對某一社會現(xiàn)象進行描述。)v第二段：原因闡釋原因闡釋。(闡釋產(chǎn)生這一社會現(xiàn)象的原因。)v第三段：評述評述或提出解決方法提出解決方法。(發(fā)表個人看法，或提出解決思路。). 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型句子模板句子模板v1. 一果多因：v Why ? For one thing, . For another, .v The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing, . For another, .

25、Still another, .v A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect/both individual and social contribute to .v Another important factor is . 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型句子模板句子模板v1. 一果多因：v is also responsible for the change/problem.v Certainly, the is not the sole reason for .v The factors that contribute t

26、o include . v You dont have to look very far to identify the reason that .v Thanks to/ Owing to/Due to/Because of/As a result of . 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型句子模板句子模板v2. 一因多果v It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on .v It involves some serious consequence for .v There are a number of dreadful conseq

27、uence of . Perhaps the most serious/disastrous consequence is .v It may cause/result in/lead to a host/number of problems.v It leaves/involves some serious consequence of v The immediate result it produce is . And perhaps the most obvious result of is . 原因闡釋型原因闡釋型作文模板作文模板v 1 Nowadays, we often hear

28、that (提出現(xiàn)象). 2 This phenomenon is not accidental, and there is social and individual background. v 3 Why ? 4 For one thing, (原因1). 5 For another, (原因2). 6 For instance, (舉例說明). 7 From that, 8 we . v 9 As far as I am concerned, I agree that . 10 I think that (作者本人的觀點). 11 .v第三段或為：9 We should take mea

29、sures to . 10 First, (措施1). Second, (措施2). 11 Finally, (措施3). 問題解決型問題解決型特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v 問題解決型的作文通常先說明情況，提出問題，隨后提出解決方法或處理方式，最后給予評價。. 問題解決型問題解決型寫作流程寫作流程v第一段：引言引言。(描述現(xiàn)狀、形勢、提出問題。)v第二段：解決方案解決方案。(提出解決問題的方法。)v第三段：評價評價或個人選擇個人選擇。(簡要評價提及的方法，或選擇其中一、兩種自己認為合適的方法并說明理由。). 問題解決型問題解決型句子模板句子模板v1. 提出問題：v Nowadays, wit

30、h , more and more , which causes serious problem to .v Nowadays, .It has become such a serious problem which has aroused the concern from .v Recently, the problem of has become increasingly serious in .v Today, with , a serious social problem has arisen . 問題解決問題解決型型句子模板句子模板v1. 提出問題：v Today, more and

31、 more people have realized that has become a very serious problem.v Nowadays, there is growing concern over .v Currently, is being considered a major problem in . 問題解決型問題解決型句子模板句子模板v2. 解決問題：v To solve this problem, .v As is known to all, there are many ways to .v To put an end to this serious proble

32、m, in my opinion, several measures should be taken/adopted by .v How can we solve this problem? I think there are three approaches. 問題解決型問題解決型句子模板句子模板v2. 解決問題：v If you want to solve this problem, the following advice may be helpful.v My suggestions to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follo

33、ws. In the first place, . Secondly . Finally .v At first thought, the problem seems far too involved (復雜的), but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with. . 問題解決型問題解決型作文模板作文模板v 1 Nowadays, great importance has been attached to (目前的現(xiàn)象及存在的問題). 2 Many ways can contribute to (要解決的問題), but the

34、 following ones may be effective.v 3 First of all, (方法1). 4 Besides, (方法2). 5 Finally, (方法3).v 6 In conclusion/ To sum up, the ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. 7 (希望). . 應用型應用型特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v應用文，就是在現(xiàn)實生活中有實際應用功能的文體，比如信信函、通知、演講稿、導游詞、見證書函、通知、演講稿、導游詞、見證書等。應用文是大學英語四級

35、考試中常見的考查內(nèi)容，與議論文、記敘文和說明文相比，應用型作文與生活、社會的聯(lián)系更加緊密，在格式、行文習慣等方面更講究規(guī)矩。因此，無論寫哪些應用型作文，都必須按其各自規(guī)范化的、約定俗成的格式來寫，不能隨意改變格式。v下面主要介紹英文信函、通知、演講稿、導游詞的寫作模板。. 應用型應用型(信函信函) 句子模板句子模板v1. 信函句子模板開頭常用表達：v Excuse me for not writing to you for so long a time.v Your letter dated is at hand.v Words cannot express my joy of receivi

36、ng your letter of May 8th.v I am writing to .v I am very much delighted to inform you that . v I have the pleasure to tell you that . 應用型應用型信函信函v2. 信函句子模板結(jié)尾常用套話：v I send you my best wished. v Looking forward to hearing from you soon.v All the luck in the world to you.v Please give my best regards to

37、 your family/parents. 應用型應用型(信函信函)作文模板作文模板v同學間的日常信件作文模板：v1 Dear , v 2 I am glad to know that . 3 As for _ , I suppose that can be a good choice for you. (首先用一句話來回應收到的信，然后進入此次寫信的主題。) 4 . 5 . 6 Whats more, . 7 To , you are supposed to . 8 are also of great importance, . (對來信的第二問題進行答復)v 9 Now lets talk

38、 about . 10 First of all, you should . 11 In addition, . (轉(zhuǎn)至第三個問題) 12 If any further questions come to you, do not hesitate to write to me.v 10 .vYours,. 應用型應用型(通知通知) 作文模板作文模板v活動通知作文模板：vVolunteer Neededv 1 With the approaching of (活動日) , (組織者) is to organize and is now recruiting volunteers.v 2 This

39、 program is planned to . 3 It aims to . 4 By participating in the activity, volunteers can . 5 Volunteers are expected to . 6 The program will be carried out .v 7 are needed. 8 Fellow students who meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity, please call us at or email us at . v 9 Com

40、e and join us!. 應用型應用型(演講稿演講稿)作文模板作文模板v競賽演講稿作文模板：vA Campaign Speech v1 , (選擇一個合適的稱呼。)v 2 Thank you for . 3 , 4 I am delighted to announce that . (演講詞常用開場白套語。)v 5 , I have always been considered as . 6 Meanwhile, . 7 . 8 In addition, if I get elected. (層次清楚地陳述自己的優(yōu)勢，突出重點)v 9 . 10 If elected, I am conf

41、ident that . 11 I will . (工作規(guī)劃的簡要陳述，點到為止)v 12 Thank you very much for your attention. (結(jié)束語套話). 應用型應用型(導游詞導游詞)作文模板作文模板v導游解說詞作文模板：v1 ,v 2 Welcome to . 3 First of all, Id like to introduce myself: I am , Its my honor to be here with all of you, and I wish you a wonderful trip today. (表示歡迎，自我介紹，開場白套話。)v

42、 4 Here is the schedule of the day. 5 is the first place we are going to visit this morning. 6 Then will be our destination in the afternoon. (簡要介紹行程安排，無需贅述。) 7 Now we are on the way . . . . (用三四句話介紹第一景點的概況，突出重點。)v 8 Thats the introduction to . 9 If you have any questions, please dont hesitate to as

43、k me. (結(jié)束語套話). 綜合敘事型綜合敘事型特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v 綜合敘事型文章是以記人敘事為主要內(nèi)容、以敘述為主要表達方式的文章。寫這類作文要綜合記敘、描寫和議論等寫作方法，既要交代時間、地點、人物、事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和變化，也要分析事情發(fā)生的原因或?qū)懗鰝€人感受。. 綜合敘事型綜合敘事型寫作流程寫作流程v第一段：引出主題引出主題。(交待清楚事情發(fā)生的背景，如時間、地點及人物等。)v第二段：主體主體。(描述事情發(fā)生的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。)v第三段：事件分析事件分析。(分析事件發(fā)生的原因或者寫出個人的感受。). 綜合敘事型綜合敘事型句子模板句子模板v1. 表示時間順序的連接詞：v E

44、arly in the morning/In the early morningv In the middle of the day/At noonv Late in the afternoon/In the late afternoonv Far/Deep into the nightv In the past; At present,; In the futurev First; Second; Next; Then; Finallyv At first/In the beginning; At last/In the endv Shortly afterwards/At once/Imm

45、ediately/All of a sudden/Suddenly/Soonv The moment /As soon as/The first time ; Not until, Next time , Before , After , etc. . 綜合敘事型綜合敘事型作文模板作文模板v 1 It is (時間和地點) when (事件) took place. 2 (簡單敘述一兩句).v 3 I saw sight. 4 (描寫情景，注意描寫的順序). 5 To begin with, . 6 And then, . 7 Eventually, . 8 As a consequence,

46、 (結(jié)束語).v 9 In my opinion, three factors contribute to . 10 First, (原因1). 11 Second， (原因2). 11 Last , (原因3). 12 All these led to (結(jié)束語).v第三段或為以下模式：v 9 I do believe (個人感受). . 圖表型圖表型特點及寫作要求特點及寫作要求v圖表型作文要求根據(jù)圖表上的數(shù)據(jù)，找出所反映的某個趨勢或某一個問題、現(xiàn)象某個趨勢或某一個問題、現(xiàn)象，并對該問題、趨勢所產(chǎn)生的原因進行分析分析。常見的圖表型作文有表格（table）、曲線圖（line chart）、條形

47、圖/柱狀圖（bar chart）、餅形圖（pie chart）和圖片（picture）。v圖表型作文的寫作誤區(qū)誤區(qū)：有些考生習慣在第一段羅列所有數(shù)據(jù)，形式單調(diào)，沒有重點，篇幅又長，容易讓人厭倦，而第二、三段受篇幅和時間限制，未能充分展開。. 圖表型圖表型寫作注意事項寫作注意事項v寫圖表型作文的注意事項注意事項：v1. 看懂并理解圖表的含義，這是寫好圖表型作文的前提；v2. 選擇能充分說明圖表主題的典型典型數(shù)據(jù)；v3. 根據(jù)分析結(jié)果和文章的題目寫出各段的主題句并展開論述。v合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排是：第一段簡明扼要，盡量少引數(shù)據(jù)，重在點明趨勢；二、三段的分析是重點，應展開。. 圖表型圖表型寫

48、作流程寫作流程v第一段：描述圖表反映的總情況描述圖表反映的總情況。(總體說明圖表所反映的趨勢、問題、現(xiàn)象，并選用典型數(shù)據(jù)進行說明。)v第二段：分析原因分析原因。(分析該問題或該現(xiàn)象的原因或后果。)v第三段：結(jié)論結(jié)論。(提出解決問題的辦法、建議或進行展望。). 圖表型圖表型句子模板句子模板v1. 圖表內(nèi)容總括性描述：v As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in .v From the above table it can be seen that .v As it is shown in the

49、table, .v According to the graph, . It is clear from the table that . The survey/study shows/suggests that . According to the figures given in the table . As you may see from the diagram, . The two charts above tell us something about . 圖表型圖表型句子模板句子模板v2. 圖表內(nèi)容具體數(shù)據(jù)變化描述：v increase/decrease by v2. incre

50、ase from tov3. increase steadily from v4. There was a marked increase in v5. There has been a rapid increase in v6. an increase of v7. decline in v8. four times as much as v9. amount to . 圖表型圖表型句子模板句子模板v(2) 圖表內(nèi)容具體數(shù)據(jù)變化描述：v10. fall from to v11. appear stablev12. reach (+數(shù)字)v13. continue to growv14. has been growing faster and faster since v15. less thanv16. up tov17. compared withv18. the number of remains the same as . 圖表型圖表型句子模板句子模板v(3