大學(xué)英語詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

1、名詞名詞名詞在句中多用來作主語、賓語、表語和定語。在名詞在句中多用來作主語、賓語、表語和定語。在英語應(yīng)用能力考試中，要求考生根據(jù)題意把括號(hào)里英語應(yīng)用能力考試中，要求考生根據(jù)題意把括號(hào)里所給的詞變成名詞。所給的詞變成名詞。1. 所填詞的特征所填詞的特征n前有物主代詞如前有物主代詞如my, his, her, their, our, your, its 等等n前有冠詞如前有冠詞如a, an, then前有形容詞如前有形容詞如large, clever, foolish等等n前有冠詞前有冠詞+形容詞如形容詞如 that ancient, the clever 等等n前有不定代詞前有不定代詞many,

2、 much, a few, a little, several 等等2. 所填詞多為抽象名詞或表示人的名詞。如所填詞多為抽象名詞或表示人的名詞。如decision, illness, protection 等等常見名詞后綴常見名詞后綴 表示人的名詞后綴：表示人的名詞后綴：1）-al crime-criminal, 2) an Canada Canadian, Australia-Australian, history historian, music musician 3) ant account accountant, assist assistant4) ar/ er/ or beg-be

3、ggar, lie liar, operate operator, survive survivor, law lawyer village villager, 5) ee employ employee, interview interviewee, 6) ist science scientist, tour tourist, journal journalist, physics physicist 名詞加詞綴變換為其他詞性的情況名詞加詞綴變換為其他詞性的情況 后綴后綴變換后的詞性變換后的詞性舉例舉例-ful形容詞形容詞（充滿）（充滿）skill-skillful, success-su

4、ccessful-less形容詞形容詞（無）（無）care-careless, hope-hopeless-al-ic-ical形容詞（的）形容詞（的）tradition-traditionalindustry-industrialhistory- historical (歷史的歷史的) -historic(有歷史意義的有歷史意義的)-ly形容詞（品質(zhì)形容詞（品質(zhì)的）的） friend-friendly, year-yearly-y形容詞（充滿，形容詞（充滿，性質(zhì)）性質(zhì)）storm-stormy, ease-easy, sun-sunny-ous形容詞（多）形容詞（多）danger-dange

5、rous -en形容詞（的）形容詞（的）wood-wooden, gold-golden-ist名詞（主義者，名詞（主義者，人）人）tour-tourist, journal-journalist-ian名詞（人）名詞（人）music-musician, history-historian-en動(dòng)詞（使動(dòng)詞（使更更加）加）strength strengthen名詞加詞綴變換為其他詞性的情況名詞加詞綴變換為其他詞性的情況 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-名詞名詞n1.We have been informed that the (equip) n_ will be arriving here in ten d

6、ays.n正確答案：正確答案：equipmentn參考譯文：我們已經(jīng)得到通知，設(shè)備參考譯文：我們已經(jīng)得到通知，設(shè)備10天天后運(yùn)到。后運(yùn)到。n解題分析：空格前有定冠詞解題分析：空格前有定冠詞the，定冠詞，定冠詞修飾名詞。因此，本題應(yīng)使用修飾名詞。因此，本題應(yīng)使用equip的名的名詞形式詞形式equipment。形容詞n形容詞通常用在系動(dòng)詞后作表語，或用在形容詞通常用在系動(dòng)詞后作表語，或用在名詞前作定語。名詞前作定語。 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞作表語系表結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞作表語 名詞前形容詞作定語名詞前形容詞作定語 如果括號(hào)內(nèi)給出形容詞，考查比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)如果括號(hào)內(nèi)給出形容詞，考查比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)形式形式考試中

7、常見句型：考試中常見句型：1) be very + 形容詞形容詞2) a/ an/ the + 形容詞形容詞 + 名詞名詞3) very/ too/ many/ rather + 形容詞形容詞4) 形容詞形容詞 + 名詞名詞常見形容詞后綴：常見形容詞后綴：n1、- ern 附在表方向的名詞后附在表方向的名詞后 east eastern north northern south southern west western n2、-ful 附在抽象名詞后附在抽象名詞后 joy joyful peace peaceful skill skillful color colorfuln3、 - ish

8、附在具體名詞后附在具體名詞后 fool foolish child childish n4、- less brain brainless color colorless harm harmless home homeless5、- ly father fatherly friend friendly man manly day daily hour hourly month monthly week weekly year yearly 常見形容詞后綴：常見形容詞后綴：形容詞變換為其他詞性的情況形容詞變換為其他詞性的情況 前綴前綴后綴后綴變換后的詞性變換后的詞性舉例舉例un- 形容詞（不）形容

9、詞（不）lucky-unlucky, able-unable, unnecessary, unimportant, unbelievablein-, il-, im-, ir- 形容詞（不，非）形容詞（不，非）formal-informal, legal-illegal, irregular, impossible, incompleteen-動(dòng)詞（使成為）動(dòng)詞（使成為）able-enable, courage-encourage -ness名詞（狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)）名詞（狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)）happy-happiness, carelessness-ty,-ity名詞（抽象名詞）名詞（抽象名詞）diffic

10、ult-difficulty, possibility -th名詞（結(jié)果，過程）名詞（結(jié)果，過程）true-truth, death-age名詞（狀態(tài)，集合）名詞（狀態(tài)，集合）short-shortage-ist名詞（主義者，人）名詞（主義者，人）special-specialist, socialist-en動(dòng)詞（成為，使成為）動(dòng)詞（成為，使成為）sharp-sharpen, soft-soften-ize動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞real-realize, modernize-fy動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞class-classify(分類分類)，simplify(簡化簡化)-ly副詞副詞truly, carefully,

11、happily鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞1.In some ways these schools are (differ) _ from Chinese middle schools. 答案：答案：different譯文：在某些學(xué)校，這些學(xué)校不同于中國譯文：在某些學(xué)校，這些學(xué)校不同于中國的中學(xué)。的中學(xué)。分析：分析：be different from 是固定搭配，是固定搭配，“和和不同不同”。 2. The (create) _ person is always ready to change his or her idea and to challenge the idea of othe

12、r people and society. 答案：答案：creative譯文：富有創(chuàng)造力的人總是隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備改變譯文：富有創(chuàng)造力的人總是隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備改變自己的主意，而且對(duì)他人和社會(huì)的觀點(diǎn)自己的主意，而且對(duì)他人和社會(huì)的觀點(diǎn)提出質(zhì)疑。提出質(zhì)疑。分析：分析：create 是動(dòng)詞，空格前為定冠詞，是動(dòng)詞，空格前為定冠詞，后面是名詞，名詞短語做主語，應(yīng)填上后面是名詞，名詞短語做主語，應(yīng)填上create的形容詞形式，去的形容詞形式，去e加加ive.鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞3. A Youth Hostel is a place that offers a good nights sleep in frien

13、dly surroundings at a (reason) _ price. 答案：答案：reasonable譯文：青年旅館是在友好環(huán)境中以合適價(jià)譯文：青年旅館是在友好環(huán)境中以合適價(jià)格提供良好住宿的地方。格提供良好住宿的地方。分析：括號(hào)中所給的詞分析：括號(hào)中所給的詞reason位于名詞位于名詞price之前，是修飾之前，是修飾price的定語，因此應(yīng)的定語，因此應(yīng)該用該用reason 的形容詞形式的形容詞形式 reasonable.鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞5. I was (please) _to have received your letter dated May 20th. 答案

14、：答案：pleased譯文：我很高興收到你譯文：我很高興收到你5月月20日寫給我的信。日寫給我的信。分析：分析：please是動(dòng)詞，但這里應(yīng)該變成形是動(dòng)詞，但這里應(yīng)該變成形容詞容詞pleased后才有后才有“高興高興“的意思。的意思。be pleased to do sth. 意為意為”高興做某事高興做某事“。鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞6. The teacher said his work was (satisfy) _ but there was still room for improvement. 答案：答案：satisfactory/ satisfying譯文：老師說，他的工作另

15、人滿意，不過譯文：老師說，他的工作另人滿意，不過還有改進(jìn)的余地。還有改進(jìn)的余地。分析：括號(hào)里給出了動(dòng)詞分析：括號(hào)里給出了動(dòng)詞satisfy, 根據(jù)句根據(jù)句意，這里應(yīng)該用形容詞做表語。意，這里應(yīng)該用形容詞做表語。satisfactory/ satisfying都表示都表示“令人令人滿意滿意“之意，因此都可以用。之意，因此都可以用。鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞 7. I have a (plenty) _ supply of things to keep the children happy when we go on long journeys. 答案：答案：plentiful譯文：我可以提供

16、很多的東西讓孩子們譯文：我可以提供很多的東西讓孩子們長途旅行時(shí)玩得高興。長途旅行時(shí)玩得高興。分析：空格前為不定冠詞，后是名詞，分析：空格前為不定冠詞，后是名詞，根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該填上形容詞。根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該填上形容詞。Plenty 是名詞，形容詞是是名詞，形容詞是plentiful. 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞8. Living in the country is less (expense) _ than living in the city. 答案：答案：expensive譯文：農(nóng)村的生活費(fèi)比城市的低。譯文：農(nóng)村的生活費(fèi)比城市的低。分析：分析：be 動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。空格后是連詞動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)

17、?？崭窈笫沁B詞than,與形容詞比較級(jí)連用，因此應(yīng)該填形與形容詞比較級(jí)連用，因此應(yīng)該填形容詞。容詞。 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞9. Thanksgiving is a (tradition) _ festival in the US and Canada. 答案：答案：traditional譯文：感恩節(jié)是美國和加拿大的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。譯文：感恩節(jié)是美國和加拿大的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。分析：名詞短語做表語，空格前是不定冠分析：名詞短語做表語，空格前是不定冠詞，后面是名詞，應(yīng)填上形容詞做表語。詞，后面是名詞，應(yīng)填上形容詞做表語。鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)-形容詞形容詞副詞副詞ad./adverb常見副詞形式常見副詞形式

18、n1. 直接加直接加-ly careful - carefully recent - recentlyn2. 以以le結(jié)尾的改為結(jié)尾的改為ly possible -possibly terrible - terriblyn3. 以以y 結(jié)尾的變結(jié)尾的變y 為為i 加加 ly sleepy - sleepily lucky - luckily考試中常見句型考試中常見句型be (副詞副詞)adj.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞副詞副詞動(dòng)詞賓語動(dòng)詞賓語副詞副詞主語主語副詞副詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞副詞副詞句子句子副詞副詞副詞副詞He has been extremely busy these days.Everything went

19、smoothly.She didnt do it intentionally.She suddenly fell ill.Luckily, Peter was there.He works terribly hard.He rushed (danger) _ across the busy street to catch the bus.The chairman emphasized his ideas by speaking more (loud) _ .Could you go to bed (early) _ than you usually do? There are some mor

20、e topics to discuss, _ the problem of pollution.A. generally B. especially C. exactly D. probablyI didnt attend the evening party, but (apparent) _ it was a great success.歷年常見考題歷年常見考題dangerously loudly earlierBapparently歷年常見考題歷年常見考題I thought his explanation was (unnecessary) _ complex.(unfortunate)

21、_, she was got a bad cold and cant attend the conference.The little girl gave an (extreme) _ wonderful performance last night.Yesterday I was last getting to the railway station, but (fortunate) _ , the train was late, too.The secretary is so efficient that his boss thinks (high) _ of him.unnecessar

22、ilyUnfortunatelyextremelyfortunatelyhighly動(dòng)詞nextreturnnextreturnn通常用作謂語通常用作謂語注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用：一般現(xiàn)注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來完過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)n不充當(dāng)謂語時(shí)，又叫非限定形式不充當(dāng)謂語時(shí)，又叫非限定形式(也叫做非謂語形也叫做非謂語形式式)，動(dòng)詞有三種非限定形式，分別為：，動(dòng)詞有三種非限定形式，分別

23、為： 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 (to do sth.)； 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 (V-ing)； 分詞分詞 (現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 V- ing 和過去分詞和過去分詞 V- ed)。謂語動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)體時(shí)體主動(dòng)態(tài)主動(dòng)態(tài)（助動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞+主動(dòng)詞）主動(dòng)詞）被動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)（助動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞+主動(dòng)詞）主動(dòng)詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do / doesam/are/is +done一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)didwas/were +done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/are/is doingam/are/is+being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doingwas/were+being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完

24、成時(shí)have/has donehave/has+ been done過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)had donehad + been done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doingreturn動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)詞的非限定形式不定式不定式n不定式時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：不定式時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式to do to be done 進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式完成式to have doneto have been donenThe couple seated in the re

25、staurant seemed to be having a wonderful time.nI hope to see you again.nIt is an honour to be asked to speak here. She seems to have read this book before.next動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)詞的非限定形式不定式不定式不定式可作除謂語外的任何句子成分。不定式可作除謂語外的任何句子成分。n作主語時(shí)，常放在謂語動(dòng)詞后：作主語時(shí)，常放在謂語動(dòng)詞后：e.g. It is hard for me to learn English.n作定語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的名作定

26、語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的名/代詞之后：代詞之后：e.g. I have a lot of work to do. There is a long way to go.n不定式作使役動(dòng)詞、感觀動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足時(shí)，常省略不定式作使役動(dòng)詞、感觀動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足時(shí)，常省略“to”:make /let /order/have + sb. do sth.see /watch /hear /feel /notice +sb. do sth.e.g. I saw him go out.n省略不定式符號(hào)省略不定式符號(hào)“to”的詞組還有：的詞組還有：have batter、would rather、rather than

27、 、would sooner 、cannot but 、cannot help but 、do nothing thane.g. I can do nothing but wait here.next動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)詞的非限定形式不定式不定式n作賓語，有些及物動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞的不定作賓語，有些及物動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞的不定式作它的賓語：式作它的賓語： want / hope / agree / promise / mean / decide /expect / manage / pretend / determine+ to do sth.e.g. I mean to do that once

28、again. He promised to give her a birthday present.return動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞n有些及物動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作它的賓語：有些及物動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作它的賓語：avoid / enjoy / mind / insist on / object to / give up / practise / put off + 名詞名詞/ doing sth. n動(dòng)名語作介詞的賓語，且有時(shí)介詞會(huì)省略：動(dòng)名語作介詞的賓語，且有時(shí)介詞會(huì)省略：spend (in) doing sth.be no point (in) doing sth.h

29、ave difficulty (in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.n注意：當(dāng)注意：當(dāng)“to”是作介詞，而不是不定式的標(biāo)志時(shí)，其后面是作介詞，而不是不定式的標(biāo)志時(shí)，其后面應(yīng)該接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞：應(yīng)該接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞：lead to / be used to / look forward to / be accustomed to / pay attention to / confess to/contribute to / devote to + 名詞名詞/ doing sth. return動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)詞的非限定形式分詞分詞作狀語作狀語n現(xiàn)在分詞作狀

30、語時(shí)表示主動(dòng)，所表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語有邏輯現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)表示主動(dòng)，所表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；上的主謂關(guān)系； 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)，它表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語間有動(dòng)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)，它表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語間有動(dòng)賓的關(guān)系。賓的關(guān)系。e.g. Following the manager, a young lady comes in. If kept in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week.n“with +名詞名詞/形容詞分詞（或形容詞介詞短語）形容詞分詞（或形容詞介詞短語）”往往作

31、伴隨往往作伴隨狀語狀語e.g. he fell asleep with the lamp burning.作定語作定語n現(xiàn)在分詞與修飾的詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系：現(xiàn)在分詞與修飾的詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系： a moving film 令人感動(dòng)的電影令人感動(dòng)的電影 a moved audience 受感動(dòng)的觀眾受感動(dòng)的觀眾next動(dòng)詞的非限定形式動(dòng)詞的非限定形式分詞分詞n分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(e.g. write)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞(e.g. go)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在分分詞詞一般式一般式 writin

32、gbeing writtengoing完成式完成式 having written having been writtenhaving gone過去分詞過去分詞writtengone非限定性動(dòng)詞練習(xí)非限定性動(dòng)詞練習(xí)1. while hunting in the forest, _. A. a snake bit her. B. she were bitten by a snake. C. she was bitten by a snake. D. a snake bit her.2. While (cross) _ the street, you must keep your eyes open

33、.3. The girl admitted, after several hours of (question) _, using someone elses credit card.4. The houses are made of wood. Houses so (construct) _are much cheaper to build.5. _ by a crowd of spectators, Tom felt nervous. A. Being watched B. Watched C. Watching D. Having watched6. The content is tho

34、rough and detailed, _ to business English. A. being paid special attention B. paid special attention C . with special attention being paid D. special attention paidcrossingbeing questionedconstructedreturn情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)should (ought to ) + have + V- ed 表示應(yīng)該發(fā)生卻沒有發(fā)生的事表示應(yīng)該發(fā)生卻沒有發(fā)生的事e.g. We ought to have g

35、iven you more help. 2. must + have +V- ed 表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測(cè)表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測(cè),只用于肯定句只用于肯定句e.g. The pond is full of water. It must have rained last night.3. could/can+have+V-ed 表示對(duì)過去行為的推測(cè)及過去能做而未做的事，是對(duì)過去不付表示對(duì)過去行為的推測(cè)及過去能做而未做的事，是對(duì)過去不付諸實(shí)施的事情的惋惜。諸實(shí)施的事情的惋惜。e.g. He can have finished the work soon.4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have + b

36、een + v-ing 表示推測(cè)某種動(dòng)作表示推測(cè)某種動(dòng)作 “應(yīng)當(dāng)一直在應(yīng)當(dāng)一直在-”， “可能一直在可能一直在-”。 e.g. I am sorry we are late. You should have been waiting for us.本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該本可能本可能肯定肯定一直一直return情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)v1.You look so sleepy. You _ to bed very late last night. A. had gone B. were going C. must have gone D. wentv2.She _ letters, for she had

37、 a pen in her hand when she came to the door. A. was writing B. had written C. must have written D. must have been writingv3. Mary has got a full mark in the test. She _ very hard all these days.A. will work B. may work C. must have worked D. could have workedcDc情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)v4. I _ to the library ye

38、sterday but I forgot all about it. A. should have gone B. ought to go C. had to go D. should gov5. The book you were looking for might (remove) _, or is temporarily unavailable.v6. Last week he promised that he (come) _ today, but he hasnt arrived yet.have been removedAwould comereturn虛擬語氣虛擬語氣if 條件句

39、中條件句中的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣固定句式中固定句式中的虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣If 從句從句主句主句1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式過去式 (be-were)Would/should/could+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 2.與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成式過去完成式Would/should/could+ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 3.與將來事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反Were to doshould doWould/should/could+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 1 2 3 4 5 4. 交叉虛擬交叉虛擬 （即時(shí)間狀語混合）（即時(shí)間狀語混合） 有時(shí)候有時(shí)候,條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的條件從句表示的動(dòng)作

40、和主句表示的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作,發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的(如下例如下例:一個(gè)是一個(gè)是過去發(fā)生過去發(fā)生,一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生)例子：例子：if you had taken my advice yesterday, now you would be better. IF 可以省略，引起部分倒裝?？梢允÷裕鸩糠值寡b。 （were, should, had 提前）提前） 當(dāng)條件從句中出現(xiàn)當(dāng)條件從句中出現(xiàn)were, should, had 等時(shí)等時(shí), 可以將可以將if 省略省略, 把把were, should, had 放在主語的前面放在主語的前面. 例子例子: Had he been

41、 here last night, I would have told him the news. 講解講解1:If the earth stopped moving, what _ ? do you think would happen did you think will happenc. do you think would be happen d. did you think would be happened答案答案: a譯文譯文: 如果地球停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)如果地球停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),你認(rèn)為會(huì)發(fā)生什么事你認(rèn)為會(huì)發(fā)生什么事?分析分析: 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè), 主句使用主句使用 wou

42、ld + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形返回表格返回表格講解講解2I didnt see your boss at the meeting. If he (come) _ , I would have told him the news. 答案答案: had come譯文譯文: 我在會(huì)上沒有看到你的老板我在會(huì)上沒有看到你的老板. 如果他來的話如果他來的話,我我早就把消息告訴他了早就把消息告訴他了.分析分析: 主句使用主句使用would have told 表示過去時(shí)間表示過去時(shí)間, 從從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該使用表示過去情況的虛擬語氣句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該使用表示過去情況的虛擬語氣, 故使用故使用 had +過去分

43、詞過去分詞.返回表格返回表格講解講解3If I were to do it, I (do) _it in a different way.答案：答案：would do譯文：要是我來做這事，譯文：要是我來做這事， 我會(huì)是另一種做法。我會(huì)是另一種做法。分析：從句使用分析：從句使用 were to do 表示將來時(shí)間，主句表示將來時(shí)間，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該使用表示將來情況的虛擬語氣，的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該使用表示將來情況的虛擬語氣，故使用故使用 would +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形.返回表格返回表格講解講解4 If it hadnt rained last night, the ground (not be )

44、_ so wet now.答案：答案：would not be 譯文：要是昨晚不下雨，現(xiàn)在地面就不會(huì)那么濕。譯文：要是昨晚不下雨，現(xiàn)在地面就不會(huì)那么濕。分析：從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，分析：從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以主句的謂語動(dòng)詞使用所以主句的謂語動(dòng)詞使用 would +動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 返回表格返回表格講解講解5_ last Friday, he would have got to Paris. a. Had he left b. Would he leave c. If he is to leave d. If he was leaving答案：答案：

45、a譯文：要是他上星期五離開，他可能已到達(dá)巴黎了。譯文：要是他上星期五離開，他可能已到達(dá)巴黎了。分析：主句使用分析：主句使用would have got 表示過去時(shí)間表示過去時(shí)間, 從從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該使用表示過去情況的虛擬語氣句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該使用表示過去情況的虛擬語氣, 故從句為故從句為 if he had left. 排除排除c, d 答案。又因?yàn)閺拇鸢?。又因?yàn)閺木渲谐霈F(xiàn)句中出現(xiàn) had , should, were 等詞時(shí)，等詞時(shí)，if 可省略，可省略，同時(shí)把這些詞提前。同時(shí)把這些詞提前。返回表格返回表格練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1. Had Paul received six more votes

46、 in the last election, he our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be2. If I hadnt driven the car yesterday, I (avoid) _ the accident.Dwould have avoided You _ the new foreign teacher if you had been here yesterday. a. must have seen b. would have seen c. should see d.

47、 had seen4. If I (have) _ your phone number, I would have called you yesterday evening. bhad had5. If it hadnt rained last night, the ground (not be) _ so wet now.6. If you knew me better, you would not (say) _ that.7. If he (be) _ here last night, I would have spoken to him.would not behave said ha

48、d been8. They might live quite comfortably (be) _ it not for a quarrel with their neighbor.9. Had they time, they certainly _ and help us. a. would come b. had come c. have come d. will come10. If the earth stopped moving, what do you think (happen) _ ?wereawould happen固定句式中的虛擬語氣固定句式中的虛擬語氣 suggest,

49、demand, advise, propose 等詞引導(dǎo)的賓等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中語從句中2. suggestion, proposal 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中3. It +be+ suggested /demanded + that 從句中從句中 It is + important /necessary + that 從句中從句中4. For fear that (惟恐惟恐), in case, lest (以防以防) 引導(dǎo)的從引導(dǎo)的從句中句中以上四種情況下，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是由以上四種情況下，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是由 should + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成， should 可

50、以省略。可以省略。1 2 3 45. wish, would rather, if only, as if, as though +從句時(shí)，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用從句時(shí)，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。過去完成式。6. It is high/ about time + 從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或者詞用過去時(shí)或者should+動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形，should不能不能省略。省略。7. 介詞短語可相當(dāng)一個(gè)條件從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣，介詞短語可相當(dāng)一個(gè)條件從句時(shí)要用虛擬語

51、氣，比如：比如：without, but, but for, otherwise 等。等。But for the heavy rain we would have been there in time. 5 6 7講解講解1 ：The boss insisted that Mr. Copper (give) _ up his experiment at once.答案：（答案：（should）give譯文：老板堅(jiān)持讓庫柏先生立即停止做實(shí)驗(yàn)。譯文：老板堅(jiān)持讓庫柏先生立即停止做實(shí)驗(yàn)。分析：分析：insist 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣語氣should +動(dòng)

52、詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略?？梢允÷?。返回返回講解講解2：The firm has been given instructions that the manger (fly) _ to new York.答案：答案：(should) fly譯文：公司得到指示，要經(jīng)理乘飛機(jī)去紐約。譯文：公司得到指示，要經(jīng)理乘飛機(jī)去紐約。分析：分析：instruction 引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語氣詞使用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形， should 可以可以省略。省略。返回返回講解講解3：It is necessary that he (tak

53、e) _ a good rest after working for a long time. 答案：答案：take譯文：工作了這么長時(shí)間后，他非常有必要好好譯文：工作了這么長時(shí)間后，他非常有必要好好休息一下。休息一下。分析：分析：it is necessary / important/ essential 后后接的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用接的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 返回返回講解講解4：He put his coat on for fear that (or lest) he _ cold. catches b. should catch c. caught d.

54、 has caught答案：答案：B譯文：他穿上外套惟恐著涼。譯文：他穿上外套惟恐著涼。分析：分析：for fear that 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用 (should) +動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。返回返回 講解講解5：I wish I （be）_ as strong as you. 答案：答案： were 譯文：譯文： 我希望能像你一樣健壯。我希望能像你一樣健壯。 分析：分析：wish 引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式， 所以是所以是were.返回返回講解講解6：It is time that we

55、 (go)_ to bed. 答案：答案：went/ should go 譯文：是睡覺的時(shí)候了。譯文：是睡覺的時(shí)候了。分析：分析：It is high/ about time + 從句時(shí)，從句的謂語從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能用過去時(shí)。動(dòng)詞只能用過去時(shí)。返回返回講解講解7： You _ your work ahead of time without their help. havent completed b. wouldnt have completedc. werent completing d. shouldnt have completed 答案：答案：B譯文：要是沒有他們的幫忙，你不會(huì)

56、提前完成工作的。譯文：要是沒有他們的幫忙，你不會(huì)提前完成工作的。分析：分析：without 短語相當(dāng)于短語相當(dāng)于if 條件句，表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)條件句，表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的評(píng)價(jià)，因此主句使用的評(píng)價(jià)，因此主句使用wouldnt have completed.返回返回練習(xí)：練習(xí)： It is high time that we (put) _an end to this quarrel. It is advised that we (sign)_ an agreement right after the discussion. 3. I suggested that he (refuse) _ the o

57、ffer proposed by that company. should put/ put(should) sign(should) refuse He talked as if he (do) _all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it. If only she (know) _ that her behavior was not welcome, she would have been more careful with her manners.6. It is high time we _ something

58、to stop load accident. a. did b. are doing c. will do d. dohad donehad knowna7. Xiao Li speaks English in a way as if she (be) _ an American. 8Its necessary that the problem _ in some way or another. is settled b. was settled c. be settled d. has been settled9I think its high time we _ strict measur

59、es to stop pollution.a. will take b. take c. took d. have takenwerecc10I didnt go with them to the beach yesterday. But I do wish I _ there. had been b. have been c. was d. am11It is required that every employee (come) _ in their uniform before 8:30 am. a(should) comereturnreturnstudiesstudysayiswis

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