專業(yè)英語詞匯(氣象工程)

1、主題詞表 English Chinese01. 大氣 atmospheric science 大氣科學(xué)meteorology 氣象學(xué)theoretical meteorology 理論氣象學(xué)mesometeorology 中尺度氣象學(xué)micrometeorology 微氣象學(xué)physical meteorology 物理氣象學(xué)atmosphere 大氣evolution of atmosphere 大氣演化atmospheric impurity 大氣雜質(zhì)atmospheric suspended matter 大氣懸浮物atmospheric diffusion 大氣擴散atmospheri

2、c composition 大氣成分atmospheric ion 大氣離子atmospheric mass 大氣質(zhì)量air quality 大氣品位atmospheric density 大氣密度atmospheric subdivision 大氣分層homosphere 均質(zhì)層heterosphere 非均質(zhì)層homopause 均質(zhì)層頂significant level 特性層standard pressure level 標準層isothermal layer 等溫層lower atmosphere 低層大氣middle atmosphere 中層大氣upper atmosphere

3、高層大氣troposphere 對流層tropopause 對流層頂stratosphere 平流層stratopause 平流層頂mesosphere 中間層mesopause 中間層頂thermosphere 熱層exosphere 外逸層ionosphere 電離層magnetosphere 磁層magnetopause 磁層頂chemosphere 光化層chemopause 光化層頂ozonosphere 臭氧層free atmosphere 自由大氣planetary atmosphere 行星大氣standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere)

4、標準大氣 （參考大氣）homogeneous atmosphere 均質(zhì)大氣isothermal atmosphere 等溫大氣polytropic atmosphere 多元大氣scale height 大氣標高meteorological element 氣象要素air temperature 氣溫wet-bulb temperature 濕球溫度dry-bulb temperature 干球溫度temperature profile 溫度廓線atmospheric pressure 氣壓standard atmosphere pressure 標準大氣壓station pressure

5、本站氣壓sea-level pressure 海平面氣壓pressure gradient 氣壓梯度barometric height formula 壓高公式pressure gradient force 氣壓梯度力Coriolis force 科里奧利力water vapor 水蒸汽transfer of water vapor 水汽輸送water vapor profile 水汽廓線water vapor pressure 水汽壓humidity 濕度relative humidity 相對濕度absolute humidity 絕對濕度specific humidity 比濕mixin

6、g ratio 混合比dew point temperature 露點(溫度)depression of the dew point （溫度）露點差super-saturated air 過飽和空氣saturation specific humidity 飽和比濕saturation vapor pressure 飽和水汽壓psychrometric formula 測濕公式saturation deficit 飽和差international cloud atlas 國際云圖cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云

7、底cloud top 云頂cloud ceiling 云冪cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 總云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云屬cloud etage 云族cloud species 云種cloud variety 云類cloud form 云狀cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 鉤卷云cirrostratus, Cs

8、卷層云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷層云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷層云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷積云altocumulus, Ac 高積云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高積云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高積云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 莢狀高積云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 積云性高積云altocumulus floccus 絮狀高積云altocumulus caste

9、llanus, Ac cas 堡狀高積云altostratus, As 高層云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高層云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高層云cumulus, Cu 積云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡積云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展積云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎積云cumulus congestus, Cu con 濃積云cumulonimbus, Cb 積雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 禿積雨云cumulonimbus c

10、apillatus, Cb cap 鬃積雨云stratocumulus, Sc 層積云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光層積云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光層積云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 積云性層積云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡狀層積云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 莢狀層積云stratus, St 層云stratus fractus, St fra 碎層云nimbostratus, Ns 雨層云str

11、atiform cloud 層狀云cumuliform cloud 積狀云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混亂天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud 冰雹云wind 風(fēng)wind direction 風(fēng)向wind speed, wind velocity 風(fēng)速maximum wind speed 最大風(fēng)速extreme wind speed 極大風(fēng)速wind speed profile 風(fēng)速廓線horizontal wind vector 水平風(fēng)矢量wind force 風(fēng)力

12、wind force scale 風(fēng)級Beaufort wind scale 蒲福風(fēng)級calm 0級風(fēng)light air 1級風(fēng)light breeze 2級風(fēng)gentle breeze 3級風(fēng)moderate breeze 4級風(fēng)fresh breeze 5級風(fēng)strong breeze 6級風(fēng)near gale 7級風(fēng)gale 8級風(fēng)strong gale 9級風(fēng)storm 10級風(fēng)violent storm 11級風(fēng)hurricane 12級風(fēng)gust 陣風(fēng)local wind 地方性風(fēng)surface wind 地面風(fēng)foehn 焚風(fēng)mountain-valley breeze 山谷風(fēng)s

13、ea-land breeze 海陸風(fēng)on-shore wind 向岸風(fēng)off-shore wind 離岸風(fēng)gorge wind 峽谷風(fēng)slope wind 坡風(fēng)glacier breeze 冰川風(fēng)drainage wind 流泄風(fēng)visibility 能見度effective visibility 有效能見度visual range of light 燈光能見距離surface visibility 地面能見度horizontal visibility 水平能見度vertical visibility 垂直能見度slant visibility 傾斜能見度meteor 大氣現(xiàn)象weather

14、phenomenon 天氣現(xiàn)象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 陰天blue of the sky 天空藍度apparent form of the sky 天穹形狀state of ground 地面狀態(tài)sky condition 天空狀況precipitation 降水a(chǎn)mount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水強度showery precipitation 陣性降水convective precipitation 對流性降水non-convective precipit

15、ation 非對流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall amount 雨量continuous precipitation 連續(xù)性降水intermittent precipitation 間歇性降水showery rain 陣雨freezing rain 凍雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipi

16、tation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 風(fēng)暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙塵暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮塵blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜點first frost 初霜latest frost 終霜tornado 龍卷dust devil 塵卷風(fēng)squall 颮snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夾雪showery snow 陣雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow gr

17、ains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 積雪snowfall amount 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 積冰wire icing 電線積冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹塊ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷陣雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴單體atmospherics 天電lightning 閃電light

18、ning channel 閃電通道forked lightning 叉狀閃電sheet lightning 片狀閃電ball lightning 球狀閃電streak lightning 條狀閃電pearl-necklace lightning 串珠狀閃電fog 霧mist 輕霧wet fog 濕霧sea fog 海霧ice fog 冰霧frontal fog 鋒面霧advection fog 平流霧radiation fog 輻射霧advection-radiation fog 平流輻射霧mixing fog 混合霧evaporation fog 蒸發(fā)霧supercooled fog 過冷卻

19、霧ground fog 地面霧upslope fog 上坡霧air-mass fog 氣團霧tropical air fog 熱帶氣團霧rime 霧凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照時數(shù)duration of possible sunshine 可照時數(shù)02. 大氣探測 atmospheric sounding and observing 大氣探測meteorological observation 氣象觀測synoptic observation 天氣觀測synoptic hour 天氣觀測時間principa

20、l synoptic observation 基本天氣觀測intermediate synoptic observation 輔助天氣觀測surface observation 地面觀測visual observation 目測background pollution observation 本底污染觀測field observation 外場觀測conventional observation 常規(guī)觀測non-conventional observation 非常規(guī)觀測ship observation 船舶觀測fixed point observation 定點觀測space-based o

21、bservation 空基觀測ground-based observation 地基觀測mountain observation 山地觀測sounding 探空upper air observation 高空觀測auxiliary ship observation, ASO 輔助船舶觀測aircraft sounding 飛機探測rocket sounding 火箭探測radio sounding 無線電探空captive balloon sounding 系留氣球探測pilot balloon observation 測風(fēng)氣球觀測radiowind observation 無線電測風(fēng)觀測st

22、andard time of observation 標準觀測時間actual time of observation 實際觀測時間observational frequency 觀測次數(shù)observational error 觀測誤差supplementary observation 補充觀測autographic records 自記記錄surface data 地面資料upper air data 高空資料barometer level 氣壓表高度pressure reduction 氣壓換算barometric correction 氣壓訂正international synoptic

23、 code 國際天氣電碼network of meteorological station 氣象臺站網(wǎng)observation site 觀測場meteorological platform 氣象觀測平臺ocean weather station 海洋氣象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移動船舶站mountain observation station 高山觀測站automatic meteorological station 自動氣象站meteorological instrument 氣象儀器screen,instrument she

24、lter 百葉箱thermometer 溫度表telethermometer 遙測溫度表thermograph 溫度計geothermometer 地溫表surface geothermometer 地面溫度表angle geothermometer 曲管地溫表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地溫表grass thermometer 草溫表maximum thermometer 最高溫度表minimum thermometer 最低溫度表mercury thermometer 水銀溫度表Lyman- hygrometer 萊曼-濕度表bimetallic thermog

25、raph 雙金屬片溫度計barograph 氣壓計aneroid barograph 空盒氣壓計mountain barograph 高山氣壓計barometer 氣壓表aneroid barometer 空盒氣壓表ship-barometer 船用氣壓表mountain barometer 高山氣壓表pressure altimeter 氣壓測高表normal barometer 標準氣壓表national standard barometer 國家標準氣壓表regional standard barometer 區(qū)域標準氣壓表absolute standard barometer 絕對標準

26、氣壓表microbarograph 微壓計mercury barometer 水銀氣壓表Fortin barometer 福丁氣壓表Kew pattern barometer 寇烏氣壓表hygrograph 濕度計hygrometer 濕度表psychrometer 干濕表aspirated psychrometer 通風(fēng)干濕表standard aspirated psychrometer 標準通風(fēng)干濕表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手搖干濕表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干濕表dew-point hygrometer 露

27、點濕度表hair hygrometer 毛發(fā)濕度表hair hygrograph 毛發(fā)濕度計black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球溫度表barothermograph 氣壓溫度計dry-bulb thermometer 干球溫度表wet-bulb thermometer 濕球溫度表sunshine recorder 日照計Jordan sunshine recorder 喬唐日照計Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培爾-司托克日照計pyrheliometer 直接輻射表pyranometer 總輻射表sky radiomet

28、er diffusometer 天空輻射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 凈輻射表pilot-balloon plotting board 測風(fēng)繪圖板hail-rain separator 雹雨分離器evaporograph 蒸發(fā)計evaporation pan 小型蒸發(fā)器evaporation tank 大型蒸發(fā)器standard pan 標準蒸發(fā)器ceiling projector 云冪燈visibility meter,visiometer 能見度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量計accumulati

29、ve raingauge 累計雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗式雨量計electric conductivity raingauge 水導(dǎo)式雨量計siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量計rainfall intensity recorder 雨強計telemetering pluviograph 遙測雨量計wind vane 風(fēng)向標anemometer 風(fēng)速表contact anemometer 電接風(fēng)速表cup anemometer 轉(zhuǎn)杯風(fēng)速表propeller anemometer 螺旋槳式風(fēng)速表anemorumbometer 風(fēng)向風(fēng)速表h

30、ot-wire anemometer 熱線風(fēng)速表strong wind anemograph 強風(fēng)儀navaid wind-finding 導(dǎo)航測風(fēng)laser ceilometer 激光云冪儀anemograph 風(fēng)速計radio theodolite 無線電經(jīng)緯儀aerological theodolite 測風(fēng)經(jīng)緯儀radiosonde 無線電探空儀dropsonde 下投式探空儀constant level balloon 定高氣球ultrasonic anemometer 超聲測風(fēng)儀ceiling balloon 云冪氣球meteorological aircraft 氣象飛機snow

31、 scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 稱雪器drosometer, dewgauge 測露表frozen soil apparatus 凍土器sonde 探空儀profiler 廓線儀meteorological rocket 氣象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天氣雷達meteorological radar 氣象雷達lidar 激光雷達sodar, acoustic radar 聲雷達Doppler radar 多普勒天氣雷達incoherent radar 非相干雷達radar networ

32、k composite 雷達組網(wǎng)radar sounding 雷達探空windfinding radar 測風(fēng)雷達Doppler sodar 多普勒聲達Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷達MST radar MST雷達UHF Doppler radar 超高頻雷達VHF radar 甚高頻雷達coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存儲濾波器radar rainfall integrator 雷達雨量積分器range velocity display, RVD 距離速度顯示velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方位顯示constant alti

33、tude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置顯示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置顯示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切變顯示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距離顯示radarsonde 雷達測風(fēng)儀atmospheric remote sensing 大氣遙感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 溫度反演inversion of satellite sounding 衛(wèi)星探測反演meteorolog

34、ical satellite 氣象衛(wèi)星NIMBUS 雨云衛(wèi)星NOAA 諾阿衛(wèi)星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 極軌氣象衛(wèi)星TIROS 泰羅斯衛(wèi)星TIROS-N 泰羅斯-N衛(wèi)星ESSA 艾薩衛(wèi)星ITOS 艾托斯衛(wèi)星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球靜止氣象衛(wèi)星meteorological satellite ground station 氣象衛(wèi)星地面站microwave radiometer 微波輻射儀high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨率干涉

35、探測器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨率紅外輻射探測器scanning radiometer, SR 掃描輻射儀very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率輻射儀vertical temperature profile radiometer 溫度垂直廓線輻射儀data collection platform, DCP 資料收集平臺automatic picture transmission, APT 自動圖象傳輸high resolution picture transmissi

36、on, HRPT 高分辨率圖象傳輸high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率云圖傳真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率云圖傳真delay picture transmission, DPT 延時圖象傳輸direct read-out ground station 直讀式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天氣圖傳真synoptic data 天氣資料non-synoptic data 非天氣資料real time data 實時資料non-real time data 非實時資料stretched d

37、ata 時展資料sub-satellite point 衛(wèi)星星下點temporal resolution 時間分辨率spatial resolution 空間分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 輻射傳輸方程atmospheric transmission model 大氣傳輸模式03. 大氣物理學(xué) atmospheric physics 大氣物理學(xué)cloud physics 云物理學(xué)precipitation physics 降水物理學(xué)cloud dynamics 云動力學(xué)middle atmospheric physics 中

38、層大氣物理學(xué)aeronomy 高空大氣學(xué)aerology 高空氣象學(xué)radio meteorology 無線電氣象學(xué)boundary layer meteorology 邊界層氣象學(xué)boundary layer climate 邊界層氣候atmospheric boundary layer 大氣邊界層air-sea interface 海氣界面air-sea exchange 海氣交換tracer diffusion experiment 示蹤擴散實驗surface layer 近地層surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大氣波導(dǎo)advection 平

39、流convection 對流free convection 自由對流forced convection 強迫對流convection cell 對流單體Benard cell 貝納胞Benard convection 貝納對流convection model 對流模式updraught 上曳氣流downdraught 下曳氣流transitional flow 過渡氣流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 濕沉降aerosol 氣溶膠aerosol particle size distribution 氣溶膠粒子譜aqueous aerosol 濕氣溶膠strato

40、spheric aerosol 平流層氣溶膠hail generation zone 冰雹生成區(qū)conical hail 錐形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 積雨云模式condensation process 凝結(jié)過程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝結(jié)核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云頂溫度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云結(jié)構(gòu)cloud parti

41、cle sampler 云滴采樣器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴譜cloud droplet collector 云滴譜儀raindrop size distribution 雨滴譜drop-size distribution parameter 滴譜參數(shù)disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴譜儀fog-drop 霧滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 過冷云滴drop spectrum 滴譜collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ic

42、e needle 冰針ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰點condensation 凝結(jié)evaporation 蒸發(fā)potential evaporation 潛在蒸發(fā)solidification 凝固deposition 凝華sublimation 升華freezing 凍結(jié)freezing nucleus 凍結(jié)核condensation nucleus 凝結(jié)核salt nucleus 鹽核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃燒核deposition nucleus 凝華核weather modification 人工影響天氣target

43、area 目標區(qū)cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 鹽粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云劑artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消霧dynamic cloud seeding 動力播云radar meteorology 雷達氣象學(xué)meteorological radar equation 氣象雷達方程radar meteorological observation 雷達氣象觀測radar r

44、eflectivity factor 雷達反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷達等效反射率因子weather echo 天氣回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墻superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 對流回波whirling echo 渦旋狀回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋

45、雨帶回波layered echo 層狀回波banded echo 帶狀回波hook echo 鉤狀回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 異常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 單體回波supercell 超級單體multiple-cell echo 多單體回波echo complex 回波復(fù)合體cloud top height, CTH 云頂高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸變rada

46、r reflectivity 雷達反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 負折射tropospheric refraction 對流層折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系數(shù)range bin 距離庫range averaging 距離平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距離分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距離采樣數(shù)coherent-video signal 相干視頻信號quantized signal 量化

47、信號depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 轉(zhuǎn)動譜帶Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距離模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距離velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 實時顯示pattern recognition technique 圖形識別技術(shù)tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷達回波相關(guān)跟蹤法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴監(jiān)測gray scale 灰色標度cloud

48、attenuation 云衰減precipitation attenuation 降水衰減range attenuation 距離衰減echo synthetic chart 回波綜合圖iso-echo contour 等回波線normalized echo intensity 歸一化回波強度isolated cell 孤立單體weak cell 弱單體satellite meteorology 衛(wèi)星氣象學(xué)satellite sounding 衛(wèi)星探測cloud cluster 云團satellite cloud picture 衛(wèi)星云圖sectorized cloud picture 分區(qū)云

49、圖picture mosaic 拼圖image processing 圖象處理distortion correction 畸變校正infrared cloud picture 紅外云圖visible cloud picture 可見光云圖nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段圖象microwave image 微波圖象image resolution 圖象分辨率digitized cloud map 數(shù)字化云圖enhanced cloud picture 增強云圖false-color cloud picture 假彩色云圖pseudo-color cloud pictur

50、e 偽彩色云圖full-disc cloud picture 全景圓盤云圖nephanalysis 云層分析圖brightness temperature 亮度溫度cloud coverage 云覆蓋區(qū)cloud street 云街cloud line 云線spiral cloud band 螺旋云帶monsoon cloud cluster 季風(fēng)云團tropical cloud cluster 熱帶云團squall cloud 颮線云shield cloud 盾狀云open cloud cells 開口型細胞狀云close cloud cells 封閉型細胞狀云cellular patter

51、n 細胞狀云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗點云系banded cloud system 帶狀云系vortex cloud system 渦旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 衛(wèi)星云跡風(fēng)satellite cloud picture analysis 衛(wèi)星云圖分析limb scanning method 臨邊掃描法limb retrieval 臨邊反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外輻射后向散射法lin

52、ear inversion 線性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 濕度反演limb brightening 臨邊增亮limb darkening 臨邊變暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大氣輻射solar radiation 太陽輻射solar constant 太陽常數(shù)monochromatic radiation 單色輻射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外長波輻射visible light 可見光radiation balance 輻射平衡global

53、radiation 總輻射direct radiation 直接輻射effective radiation 有效輻射scattered radiation 散射輻射diffuse radiation 漫射輻射sky radiation 天空輻射upward tatal radiation 向上全輻射downward total radiation 向下全輻射incoming radiation 入射輻射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空輻射率atmospheric transmissivity 大氣透射率Van Allen radiation belt

54、范艾倫輻射帶albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地氣系統(tǒng)反照率albedo of underlying surface 下墊面反照率earth radiation belt 地球輻射帶nocturnal radiation 夜間輻射atmospheric counter radiation 大氣逆輻射radiance 輻射率irradiation 輻照irradiance 輻照度reflected radiation 反射輻射albedo 反照率band model 帶模式statistical band model 統(tǒng)計帶模式regular band model 規(guī)則帶模式random Elsasser band model 隨機愛爾沙色帶模式strong-line approximation 強線近似weak-line approximation 弱線近似planetary temperature 行星溫度atmospheric attenuation 大氣衰減atmospheric absorption 大氣吸收atmospheric window 大氣窗atmospheric absorptivity 大氣吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 無散射大氣extinctio