城市軌道專業(yè)英語課件

1、Chapter 11) page 3, paragraph 2“In cosmopolitan cities，.”Cosmopolitan: 1.Familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures- his knowledge of French, Italian, and Spanish made him genuinely cosmopolitan2.Including people from many different countries- immigration transformed the city

2、 into a cosmopolitan metropolis3.Having an exciting and glamorous(迷人的) character associated with travel and a mixture of cultures- their designs became a byword(格言) for cosmopolitan chic(別致的款式(尤指婦女的服飾)4.(of a plant or animal) Found all over the world全世界的；世界主義的;見聞廣大的;世界各地都有的;分布于世界各地的2) page3, paragra

3、ph 2“Urban light rail, trolley bus as well as suburban rail and magnetic suspension train are basically railways, which makes it possible to make the most of land resources.”a) Urban light rail: b) Trolley bus: 無軌電車c) Suburban rail:d) Magnetic suspension traine) Tram:有軌電車3) page 3, paragraph 4“Durin

4、g rush hours, the maximum unidirectional transport capacity may reach up to 60, 000- 80, 000 person-times per hour, which is unmatchable to other means of transportation.”a) unmatchable: b) 60,000 80,000 person-times per hour: 人次：“在單位時間內(nèi)的某項活動中（如參觀、接待），包括重復出現(xiàn)的人在內(nèi)的總人數(shù)”。如說某博物館在一天的時間內(nèi)有三千人次參觀，就等于說包括重復參觀的

5、人在內(nèi)是三千人，其中有的可能參觀了兩次或兩次以上。4）withdrawal1.An act of taking money out of an account2.A sum of money withdrawn from an account- a $30,000 cash withdrawal3.The action of ceasing to participate in an activity- her withdrawal from the commercial art world收回, 撤退, 退回, 取消, 退隱, 停止服藥, 退股4) page 3, paragraph R2Fo

6、r example, currently the building of subway costs some RMB500 million-700 million per kilometer; urban light rail and magnetic suspension train, RMB200 million-300 million; trolley bus and suburban rail, about RMB100 million.a) RMB500 million 700 million = 500,000,000= 5,0000,0000= 5 億b) RMB 200 mil

7、lion 300 million = 2億c) RMB 100 million = 1億d) RMB 1 billion= 10億 = 10_0000_0000_0000e) population in Shanghai : 23,019,148 = approximately 23 million = approximately 2300 萬 (population census Nov 1st 2010)5）date: (page3, last line)Have its origin at a particular time; have existed since- the contro

8、versy dates back to 1986源自：有過去特定時間的起源：6) debut (page 4, paragraph 1)The first public appearance of a new product or presentation of a theatrical show- the car makes its world debut初次登場7) inconceivableNot capable of being imagined or grasped (領會) mentally; unbelievable- it seemed inconceivable that t

9、he president had been unaware of what was going on- they behaved with inconceivable cruelty8) evolve Develop gradually - the company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer9) spur1.A device with a small spike or a spiked wheel that is worn on a rider's heel and used for urging a horse for

10、ward2.A thing that prompts or encourages someone; an incentive- profit was both the spur and the reward of enterprise3.A short branch road or rail line10) couple Combine (結合連接)11）set aside To separate and reserve for a special purpose.留出，撥出：分開或留出以備專用To discard or reject.拋棄，放棄To declare invalid; annu

11、l or overrule:廢除：聲明無用、取消或否決：The court has set aside the conviction(確信, 定罪).法庭宣告無罪12) some(used with a number) Approximately- some thirty different languages are spoken13) foregoingJust mentioned or stated; preceding- the foregoing discussion has juxtaposed management and owner control14) at a lossBe

12、low cost, 虧本15）aggregateForm or group into a class or cluster- the butterflies aggregate in dense groups聚集16）check1.Stop or slow down the progress of (something undesirable)- efforts were made to check the disease2.Curb or restrain (a feeling or emotion)- he learned to check his excitement3.Hamper o

13、r neutralize (an opponent) with one's body or stick4.Provide a means of preventing- processes to check against deterioration in the quality of the data held5.Examine (something) in order to determine its accuracy, quality, or condition, or to detect the presence of something- customs officers ha

14、ve the right to check all luggage- a simple blood test to check for anemia(貧血)17) irrationalNot logical or reasonable-Chapter 1 reading material 1) motorization動力化, 摩托化 (機械化)2）fleetA group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity, or under the same ownership- the small port supports a

15、 fishing fleet艦隊3) peripheryedge of an area or object- new buildings on the periphery of the hospital site周邊地區(qū)4）sparse1.Thinly (稀疏地)dispersed (散布的)or scattered- areas of sparse population稀少的, 稀疏的5) metropolisA very large and densely populated industrial and commercial city6) phenomenalVery remarkabl

16、e; extraordinary- the town expanded at a phenomenal rate7) pillar industryA sector of the economy which is of critical importance to that economy8)indigenousOriginating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native本土的9）tariffA tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports

17、10）spur Urge (a horse) forward by digging one's spurs into its sides- she spurred her horse toward the hedgeGive an incentive or encouragement to (someone)- her sons' passion for computer games spurred her on to set up a software store11)foster Encourage or promote the development of (someth

18、ing, typically something regarded as good)- the teacher's task is to foster learning培養(yǎng), 鼓勵12) implication A likely consequence of something含意, 暗示13) greenhouse gases A gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared(紅外線) radiation, e.g. carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons含

19、氯氟烴（即破壞臭氧層的CFC）14) be compliant with Compliant Inclined to agree with others or obey rulesCO2carbon dioxideCOcarbon monoxide15) quadruple Increase or be increased fourfold16)hydrocarbon碳氫化合物NOnitrogen oxide(s)氧化氮17) matter 1.Physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit;2.A substan

20、ce or material3.The present situation or state of affairs- we can do nothing to change matters4.Something that evokes a specified feeling- it's a matter of complete indifference to me18) modest1.(of an amount, rate, or level of something) Relatively moderate, limited, or small- drink modest amou

21、nts of alcohol- employment growth was relatively modest2. (of a place in which one lives, eats, or stays) Not excessively large, elaborate, or expensive- we had bought a modest house3. (of a woman) Dressing or behaving so as to avoid impropriety or indecency, esp. to avoid attracting sexual attentio

22、n4. (of clothing) Not revealing or emphasizing the figure- modest dress means that hemlines (底邊) must be below the knee19) EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency 美國環(huán)保署19) concentration1.Dealing with one particular thing above all others- concentration on the needs of the young can mean that the elderly

23、are forgotten2.The relative amount of a given substance contained within a solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume of solution- the gas can collect in dangerous concentrations20). account for1. 說明解釋原因，證明2. 對.負有責任 3. 占有，占.百分比21. Skyrocket1)nouna rocket firewo

24、rk that ascends into the air and explodes at a height, usually in a brilliant array of sparks of one or more colors. verb2) to rise or increase rapidly or suddenly, especially to unexpected or unprecedented levels: Prices skyrocketed during the war. 3) to cause to rise or increase rapidly and usuall

25、y suddenly: Economic changes have skyrocketed prices.22. proportion a part considered with respect to the whole 23. fringe1.An ornamental border of threads left loose or formed into tassels(穗, 纓) or twists, used to edge clothing or material2.A natural border of hair or fibers in an animal or plant3.

26、The outer, marginal, or extreme part of an area, group, or sphere of activity- his uncles were on the fringes of crooked activity21) floor spaceThe interior area of a building, calculated in square feet or meters. The area enclosed by exterior walls of a building. In the residential sector, it exclu

27、des parking areas, basements or other floors below ground level.房屋面積22) conservation1.Preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)), vegetation, and wildlife2.Prevention of excessive or wasteful use of a resource23)fatality An occurrence of death by ac

28、cident, in war, or from disease- shooting was heard and there were fatalitiesFatality rate = death rate25) dislocation1.Disturbance from a proper, original, or usual place or state- the social dislocations caused by government policies2.Injury or disability caused when the normal position of a joint

29、 or other part of the body is disturbed24)project1.Estimate or forecast (something) on the basis of present trends- spending was projected at $72 million2.Cause (light, shadow, or an image) to fall on a surface- the one light projected shadows on the wall3.Transfer or attribute one's own emotion

30、 or desire to (another person), esp. unconsciously- men may sometimes project their own fears onto womenImpetus1. a moving force; impulse; stimulus: The grant for building the opera house gave impetus to the city's cultural life. 2. (broadly) the momentum of a moving body, especially with refere

31、nce to the cause of motion.26) drastic1. Likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and extreme激烈的, (藥性等)猛烈的27) scheme1.A large-scale systematic plan or arrangement for attaining some particular object or putting a particular idea into effect- a clever marketing scheme2.A secret or unde

32、rhanded(秘密的) plan; a plot- police uncovered a scheme to steal paintings worth more than $250,0003.A particular ordered system or arrangement- a classical rhyme scheme安排, 配置, 計劃-28)5) page 3-4, paragraph 1In which city was the first subway built in China? Answer: Beijing 6) page 4, paragraph 1“Withou

33、t subways, the traffic congestion in this city would, simply be inconceivable.”Inconceivable: 7) page 4 paragraph 4What are the constraints to develop rail transit in China? Answer: severe shortage of construction funds, technical problem, improper rail transit operation.8) page 5 paragraph 2Whats t

34、he guideline to develop the rail transit in China? "doing what the strength allows, implementing rules-based management and pursuing stable development".-Chapter 1 reading material 1) page 5, paragraph R1 “Chinas motorization rate has grown in accordance with other rapidly developing count

35、ries, but because of Chinas high population, the impacts of motorization are potentially more severe.”a) motorization: i) the act of motorizing (equipping with motors or with motor vehicles) (google)ii) motorize à to equip with motor, to equip with motor vehicles (Merriam-Webster)b) severe: i)

36、(of something bad or undesirable) Very great; intense- a severe shortage of technicians- a severe attack of asthma- damage is not too severeii) Demanding great ability, skill, or resilience- a severe test of staminaiii) Strict or harsh- the charges would have warranted a severe sentence- he is unusu

37、ally severe on what he regards as tendentious pseudo-learningiv) Very plain in style or appearance- she wore another severe suit, gray this time2) page 6, paragraph 2“Much of this development is not necessarily representative of sustainable transit and pedestrian oriented growth.”發(fā)展中的很多部分都不能代表可持續(xù)交通和

38、面向行人的發(fā)展a) necessarily: as a logical result or consequence (Merriam-Webster), inevitably (google) 金山：必要地b) be representative of: i Typical of a class, group, or body of opinion (google)- these courses are representative of those taken by most Harvard undergraduatesii.Containing typical examples of ma

39、ny or all types (google)- a representative sample of young people in the Southiii 金山：典型的, 有代表性的c) sustainable 1.Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level- sustainable fusion reactions (原子核的)聚變反應2.(esp. of development, exploitation, or agriculture) Conserving an ecological balance by avoiding

40、depletion of natural resourcesd) transit 1.The carrying of people, goods, or materials from one place to another- a painting was damaged in transit2.An act of passing through or across a place- the first west-to-east transit of the Northwest Passage- a transit airline passenger3.The conveyance of pa

41、ssengers on public transportationtransportation: 1.The action of transporting someone or something or the process of being transported- the era of global mass transportation2.A system or means of transporting people or goods- transportation on the site includes a monoraile) pedestrian a.1.Lacking in

42、spiration or excitement; dull (google)- disenchantment with their present, pedestrian livesnoun. 1.A person walking along a road or in a developed areaf) orient:1.The countries of Asia, esp. eastern Asia2.Adjust or tailor (something) to specified circumstances or needs- magazines oriented to the bus

43、iness community- market-oriented economic reforms3.Guide (someone) physically in a specified direction4.Find one's position in relation to new and strange surroundings- there are no street names that would enable her to orient herself3) page 7, paragraph 1Chinas growth has largely been a result

44、of investment in a few “pillar” industries.a) How is “pillar industries” translated? Whats the synonym? b) What are the pillar industries? Answer: electronic, manufacturing, automobiles, electric power, and steel.4) page 7, paragraph 2“This policy statement encourages the growth of an indigenous aut

45、o industry that will be able to supply a large portion of its domestic demand and create a strong export market.”a) indigenousb) supply c) demandd) export market5) page 8, paragraph 1This has spurred development of the domestic automobile industry to a level that can compete with international compe

46、titors.a) spur: 6) page 8, paragraph 3The US EPA has identified all of these emissions as having serious health effects at high concentrations.a) US EPAb) concentration (s)7) page 9, paragraph 2Even with the high projected growth rates in automobile ownership, most Chinese will not own vehicles,a) p

47、rojected8) page 10, paragraph 1The primary impetus for the motorization of China has been the rapid growth of the economy.a) impetus: 9) page 10, paragraph R1Currently Chinas regulatory structure is weak and inconsistent.a) regulatory: b) weak:c) inconsistent: -1) 96 students, 5 students in one grou

48、p. So therell be 19 groups in the class. 2)In another way to teacher, 1) verbal Test2) translation TestChapter 21.Grade:1) A gradient or slope- just over the crest (頂點，鳥冠) of a long seven percent grade2) 1.A particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, intensity, or value2pedestrian1)（noun）A pers

49、on walking along a road or in a developed area2) (ad) Lacking inspiration or excitement; dullPed-: going on foot3. el1) An elevated railroad or section of railroad, esp. that in Chicago4. tube1) A long, hollow(中空) cylinder of metal, plastic, glass, etc., for holding or transporting something, chiefl

50、y liquids or gases2）The subway system in London3）Television4）A vacuum tube5Rolling stock 1) Locomotives, carriages(客車), wagons（貨車）, or other vehicles used on a railroad2）The road vehicles of a trucking company全部車輛Route1.Send or direct along a specified course發(fā)送6unified1）Make or become united, unifor

51、m, or whole- the government hoped to centralize and unify the nation- opposition groups struggling to unify around the goal of replacing the regime- a unified system of national education7a single live third rail1) A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway train, through a se

52、mi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost fully segregated from the outside environment. In most cases, third rail systems supply d

53、irect current electricity. The third-rail system of electrification is unrelated to the third rail used in dual-gauge railways.2) dual-gauge: A dual-gauge or mixed-gauge railway has railway track that allows trains of different gauges to use the same track. Generally, a dual-gauge railway consists o

54、f three rails, rather than the standard two rails. This configuration is not to be confused with the electric third rail.3) live:1) Transmitted at the time of occurrence, not from a recording2) (of a wire or device) Connected to a source of electric current3) Not dead or inanimate(死氣沉沉的); living7. O

55、verhead wires架空線Overhead: 1)Situated above the level of the head- the sun was directly overhead- overhead power cables2) (of a cost or expense) Incurred in the general upkeep(保養(yǎng)費) or running of a plant, premises(地基), or business, and not attributable to specific products or items8rectifier整流器A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC) which flows in only one direction.9. in place1)also into pl