【最新】八年級英語下冊 Unit7 Know Our World lesson52課件 冀教版 課件

1、 Master: coast, Russia Using: 1) Would you please? 2) look up3. Sing a song This song is about travelling around the world. As you sing it, look at a map of the world. Start in China and go east! Soon you will be home again.Start at homeEast we go.Cross the oceanTo Japan.Ocean east to Americas west.

2、 Cross that countryTo Atlantics coast.Europe to Russia, Then we are back again.Repeat the song!Listen and practice:A: Can you use a dictionary, Li Ming?B: _!A: _ you please _me_ “repeat”? I forget what it means.B: Certainly! There it is!A: Oh! It means “again”. So we sing the song again! _.B: youre

3、welcome.SureWouldhelplook upThanks a lot Suppose you want to visit a foreign country, but you dont know which country to go to or how to get there. What can you do when you get there? Talk about it with your partner.I . Fill in the blanks. A small river crosses the woods. A small river _ _ the woods

4、.2. You can _ _ (查詢）查詢）the words in the dictionary.3. _ (俄羅斯）俄羅斯）is in Europe.4. We shall _ (回來）回來）by six oclock.goesacross lookupRussiabe get back GrammarThe attributive clausesI. 用作定語的從句叫做定語從句。用作定語的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句通常置于它所修飾的名詞（或代詞）定語從句通常置于它所修飾的名詞（或代詞）之之后后。這種名詞（或代詞）叫做。這種名詞（或代詞）叫做先行詞先行詞。引導定語。引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為

5、從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可做主語、賓語、定語等在定語從句中可做主語、賓語、定語等; 關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中只做狀語。如：詞在定語從句中只做狀語。如：1.It sounded like a train that was going under my house.2I know the reason why he was so angry. II.定語從句的種類：定語從句的種類：定語從句有兩種：定語從句有兩種：限定性定語從句與非限定限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句性定語從句。限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，對它有限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)

6、系密切，對它有限制作用。因此不可缺乏，否則會影響全句限制作用。因此不可缺乏，否則會影響全句的意義。限定性定語從句前一般不用逗號，的意義。限定性定語從句前一般不用逗號，如：如：a. This is the factory that we visited last week.b. Do you know the woman who is in white ?非限定性定語從句只與先行詞有一種松散的非限定性定語從句只與先行詞有一種松散的修飾關(guān)系，之前一般用逗號與主句分開，如：修飾關(guān)系，之前一般用逗號與主句分開，如： I have a lot of friends, some of whom are c

7、ollege students. 我有許多朋友，其中一些是大學生。我有許多朋友，其中一些是大學生。b. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is now taking on a new look. 北京是中國的首都，它正呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌。北京是中國的首都，它正呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌。 III.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that, which, as等都是關(guān)系等都是關(guān)系代詞。具體用法如下：代詞。具體用法如下：A. who, whom，whose指人指人。who是主格，在從句中做主語（在非正式英語是主格，在從句中做主語（在非正式英語 中亦

8、可用作賓語）；中亦可用作賓語）；whom是賓格，在從句中用作賓語；是賓格，在從句中用作賓語；whose是屬格，在從句中用作定語（有時亦可是屬格，在從句中用作定語（有時亦可 指物）如：指物）如： 1. The number of the people who lost home reached 250,000. (主格關(guān)系代詞主格關(guān)系代詞who在從句中用作主語）在從句中用作主語）2. I know the man whom you mean.（賓格關(guān)系代詞（賓格關(guān)系代詞whom在從句用作賓語。在在從句用作賓語。在非正式英語中非正式英語中who亦可代替亦可代替whom,亦可省去亦可省去不用）不用）

9、3. Jack is the boy whose father works in a steel plant. (屬格關(guān)系代詞屬格關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，在從句中用作定語，指人）指人）4. Have you noticed the house whose roof is painted white?（屬格關(guān)系代詞（屬格關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，在從句中用作定語， 指指house , whose roof可代之以可代之以the roof of which,后者較為正式）后者較為正式）True or false:1) His father, whom works in a f

10、actory, is very strict with him.2) I was the only person in my office who he invited .3) Anyone whom is interested may come to my exhibition.4) Mary is the girl who all of us love.Keys:1.F.whom改為改為who 2.T 3.Fwhom改為改為who. 4.T.B. that既可指人，亦可指物。既可指人，亦可指物。在從句中即可用作主語也可用作賓語（在非正式在從句中即可用作主語也可用作賓語（在非正式文體中可省去

11、）。如：文體中可省去）。如：1I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off on the floor.2The games (that) he enjoyed were swimming and shooting.3Is he the man that sells eggs?4The person (that) you should ask is Mr. Ball. C. which 在從句中即可做主語，亦可用作賓在從句中即可做主語，亦可用作賓 語；一般指物。如：語；一般指物。如：1A wide and busy stree

12、t which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.2Where is the book (which) I bought this morning ? D. as 亦可用作關(guān)系代詞亦可用作關(guān)系代詞,可指人可指人,物物,或上文或上文提到的整個句子。如：提到的整個句子。如： I want the same pen as he is using. 我想要一只和他用的同樣的筆我想要一只和他用的同樣的筆. 2. Ive never seen such a man as he is.3He is from A

13、frica, as can be seen from his skin. 他是非洲人，我是從他的膚色看出來的。他是非洲人，我是從他的膚色看出來的。（關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞as在從句中用作賓主語，其先在從句中用作賓主語，其先行詞是前面的整個句子）行詞是前面的整個句子）4He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. IV.含有介詞的定語從句含有介詞的定語從句1.如果定語從句修飾的先行詞是人，而關(guān)如果定語從句修飾的先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，此時關(guān)系系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，此時關(guān)系代詞用賓格代詞用賓格whom或或that?？谡Z中可以用。

14、口語中可以用who代替代替whom，也可以省去這些關(guān)系代詞，也可以省去這些關(guān)系代詞，但如果介詞位于從句的句首與關(guān)系代詞連但如果介詞位于從句的句首與關(guān)系代詞連用時，則只能用用時，則只能用whom,不能用不能用that或或who。如：如： The person (whom/who/that) you should write to is Mr Ball.試對比：試對比： The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball. (介詞介詞to 位于位于 從句的句首，故不能使用從句的句首，故不能使用that /who)2如果定語從句修飾的先行詞是物，而關(guān)系如果定

15、語從句修飾的先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，此時關(guān)系代詞代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，此時關(guān)系代詞用用which或或that，也可省去這些關(guān)系代詞。但，也可省去這些關(guān)系代詞。但如果介詞位于從句的句首與關(guān)系代詞連用時，如果介詞位于從句的句首與關(guān)系代詞連用時，則只能用則只能用which 不能用不能用that)如：如： The games ( which/that ) he competed in were skating and shooting.對比句：對比句： The games in which he competed were skating and shooting. (介詞介詞

16、in 位于從句的句首，故不能使位于從句的句首，故不能使 用用that)3注意介詞的正確選擇，可以參考以下方法：注意介詞的正確選擇，可以參考以下方法： 1) 介詞的固定搭配的需要介詞的固定搭配的需要 2) 先行詞的特殊需要先行詞的特殊需要 3) 先行詞和從句的語境相結(jié)合先行詞和從句的語境相結(jié)合Fill in the blanks:1)The picture, _ which I paid 2,000 yuan ,was once owned by my uncle.2)I have many friends _ whom I can turn for help.3)I am very thank

17、ful to you for your advice, _which I owe my success.4) Is this the telescope _ which we can study the sky?5)There was a bridge,_ which ran a wide river.6) This is the way _ which I usually deal with my personal affairs.fortotothroughunderin4.注意：當注意：當the way ,the first ( second) time， the day, the pl

18、ace 做先行詞時做先行詞時,定語從定語從 句可用句可用that(或省略或省略that)引導，來代替引導，來代替 in which, on which等。等。eg. I still remember the first time (that) we met . I like the way (that) she teaches us English. V. that / which / as 在定語從句中的特殊用法在定語從句中的特殊用法1.用用that，不用，不用who, which的情況：的情況：1).如果先行詞為不定代詞如果先行詞為不定代詞all、little、nothing、everyt

19、hing、few、much等，多用等，多用that不用不用which。如：。如：You must do everything that I do.He will do all that he can to help you.2）如先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾）如先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 This is the third mistake that he made.3）先行詞既有人又有物時）先行詞既有人又有物時 They talked about the teachers and the things that they remembered in the school.4）如先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾）如先行詞

20、被形容詞最高級修飾 It is the most beautiful place that I have visited.5）如先行詞被）如先行詞被any、few、little、no、only等等 詞修飾詞修飾 This is the very book that I am looking for.6）主句是疑問句，且已有疑問詞）主句是疑問句，且已有疑問詞who, which, what等時等時 which is the picture that was drawn by Lily?7) 如先行詞是數(shù)詞時如先行詞是數(shù)詞時 I love catching fish. The two that a

21、re still living were caught yesterday.8)當從句的謂語動詞為當從句的謂語動詞為be，關(guān)系代詞要在從，關(guān)系代詞要在從 句中做表語時句中做表語時 China is no longer the country that it used to be.注：注： that不能引導非限制性定語從句。不能引導非限制性定語從句。 He didnt pass the exam, that made his mother very angry. (F)2.先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞用先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞用which不用不用that的的 情況情況1)先行詞（指物）后有介詞：先行詞（指物

22、）后有介詞： I will remember the day on which we first met with each other.2)非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句： At San Francisco the Pacific plate, which is moving towards the northwest, meets the North American plate.3.關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞用as,不用不用which 的情況：的情況： 1) 在在suchas, the same as, asas等固定等固定 句型中句型中 a. I have the same diction

23、ary as he has. b. Tom likes such books as were written by O. Henry.注意注意：the same之后不一定總用之后不一定總用as有時會用有時會用 that，詞義有差別。，詞義有差別。 a. She is wearing the same hat as I am wearing .(同類，類似的同類，類似的) b. This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(同一個同一個)2）as 引導非限定性定語從句時，與引導非限定性定語從句時，與which的用法基本相同，但的用法基本相同，但位置靈活位

24、置靈活，可位于主，可位于主句前，主句后，也可位于主句中間，經(jīng)常句前，主句后，也可位于主句中間，經(jīng)常被被譯為譯為“正如正如”或或“像像”，且多和表認知，且多和表認知的動詞搭配。的動詞搭配。which則只能放在主句后，可則只能放在主句后，可以譯為以譯為“這件事這件事”，“因此因此”。如：。如： a. As is known to all, Einstein is a great scientist. b. Lincoln, as everybody can see, was one of the greatest presidents of the US. c. The sun gives us

25、light and heat, which makes it possible for all living things to grow.True or false:1) The number of people present, which we had expected, was very large.2) Ive never seen such girls as are so hardworking.3) Which is said, he is good at mathematics.4) He tore up the photo, as upset me._ asTrue_ As_

26、whichD.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞:when、where、why的基本用法：的基本用法：1、when 在從句中在從句中用作時間狀語用作時間狀語，其先行詞是，其先行詞是 表時間的名詞，如：表時間的名詞，如： I will never forget the day when I joined the League. 我永遠也不會忘記我入團的那天。我永遠也不會忘記我入團的那天。 （關(guān)系副詞（關(guān)系副詞when 的先行詞是的先行詞是the day, 在后面定在后面定 語從句中作時間狀語）語從句中作時間狀語）2、where 在從句中用作地點狀語，其先行詞在從句中用作地點狀語，其先行詞 是表地點的名詞，如：是表

27、地點的名詞，如： This is the hospital where I was born. （關(guān)系副詞（關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語，先在從句中作地點狀語，先 行詞為行詞為the hospital）3、why 在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有 reason, 如：如： Do you know the reason why he was late for school? （ why的先行詞是的先行詞是reason ）E.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分 注意并不是一見到先行詞是表示時間，注意并不是一見到先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的名詞

28、就用關(guān)系副詞地點，原因的名詞就用關(guān)系副詞when, where, why ，關(guān)系詞的選擇要根據(jù)他們在，關(guān)系詞的選擇要根據(jù)他們在定語從句中做的成分來確定。定語從句中做的成分來確定。對比以下句子：對比以下句子： a. October 1 is the day when the PRC was founded.（when在從句中做在從句中做was founded的時間狀語）的時間狀語） b. October 1 is the day (that/ which)I will never forget.（that/which在從句中做在從句中做 forget的賓語）的賓語） 以此類推：以此類推：2. a

29、. This is the shop which/that sells flowers. b. This is the shop where I always buy flowers.3. a. Can you tell me the reason that has been used by you again and again? b. Can you tell me the reason why you gave the book to me?Fill in the blanks:1) This is the very house _ we used to visit.2) He dare

30、 not live in the room_ was broken into last night.3) The town _my father grew up is not far from the city.4) Well never forget the days_ we spent in the country.5) He wrote about t he months _ he worked in New York.6) The reason _ he was late wasnt well known. 7)It was in the hotel _ Mr Smith stayed

31、 that I met him this morning.thatwhich/thatwherethat/whichwhenwhywhereChoose the best answer:1.I will never forget the day _ I joined the League. A. which B. when C. in which D. on that2.October 1, 1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. that B. when C. on which D. on that3.I remember the day _ I fi

32、rst met him on. A. which B. when C. in which D. on that4.This is the factory _ we visited last year. A. where B. which C. the one D. at which5.Is this the factory _ your father works ? A. where B. which C. when D. that6.She is the only one of the girls _ as leader. A. who has been chosen B. who have

33、 been chosen C. whom they have chosen her D . have been chosen7.Tom is one of the boys _ interested in doing chemical experiments. A. who are B. who is C. that is D . who was8. Billy, have you noticed the house at the foot of that hill _ is painted white ? A. roof of which B. whose the roof C. whose

34、 roof D. the roof of whose9. Mary has won the first prize, _ everyone hoped. A. who B. whom C. as D. that10. She opened the door, _ a cat rushed out. A. that B. from which C. where D . from behind which11.All the afternoon, they talked about the teachers, the classmates and the things _ interested t

35、hem during their childhood. A. who are B. that were C. who D. that12. This book is quite different from _ I read last night. A. a book B. that C. which D. the oneDDD13.This is the third time _ the Browns have visited China. A. when B. that C. which D. for which 14.This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. that D.X15. I, _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. tha