考研形近詞近義詞辨析寶典完美打印版1

1、考研近義詞、形近詞辨析寶典（共90組）*abnormal, uncommonabnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕見)，指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常，最高的時(shí)候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。uncommon a.罕見的，不平常的，指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見到的狀況；特別的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風(fēng)在英國非常罕見。Tha

2、t is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘，味道好極了！*abide, adhere, conform, complyabide v.后接by表示 “遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(當(dāng)然adhere一詞的其它意思如“堅(jiān)持；粘附”也經(jīng)常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機(jī)必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。conform v.后接to表示“

3、遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該遵守政府制訂的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服從”，用于正式的場合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我們公司遵守政府有關(guān)納稅的規(guī)定。*abstract, digest, outline, summary 這一組名詞都有“要點(diǎn)，摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指對學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論

4、據(jù)作的簡述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已經(jīng)讀了他的書的概要。digest n. (篇幅較長的)摘要，文摘，它是對原文的濃縮而不是對原文的簡單解釋，濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。Reader's Digest讀者文摘outline n.要點(diǎn)，大綱，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要談的想法列了一個(gè)提綱。summary n.總結(jié)，摘要，指用寥寥數(shù)語概括文章或者講話的要點(diǎn)，不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。*absurd, ridiculous這

5、一組形容詞都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒謬的，可笑的，指因不符合常識(shí)、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動(dòng)。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因?yàn)橛廾翢o知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄，含有蔑視成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個(gè)國家的飲食來評價(jià)該國家的文化是荒唐可笑的。*accent, tone, dial

6、ectaccent n.口音，指某一地區(qū)語言的發(fā)音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。tone n.語氣，音調(diào)，指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調(diào)和他的嬰兒說話。dialect n.方言，土語，地方話，指一個(gè)地區(qū)人們所使用的語言。the Yorkshire dialect約克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言*accommodate, afford, furnishaccommodate v.提供住宿、房間；

7、適應(yīng)，迎合，遷就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿。The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望，連夜將貨物發(fā)了出去。afford v.負(fù)擔(dān)，支付；當(dāng)“提供”講時(shí)，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車。The tall building affords a beautifu

8、l view of the ocean.從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.閱讀雖然為我們的思想提供了各種知識(shí)，然而只有思考才能將我們讀到的內(nèi)容變成自己的東西。*accomplishment, attainment, achievementaccomplishment n.成功，成就；才藝，修養(yǎng)。Climbing that high

9、mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.對于登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。attainment n.指學(xué)識(shí)和造詣(常用作復(fù)數(shù))；達(dá)到，到達(dá)。a scholar of the highest attainments造詣極高的學(xué)者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具體的“成績”，與accomplishment是同義詞。*acute, critical, crucial, ur

10、gentacute a.劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的；急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴(yán)重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。critical a.意為"關(guān)鍵的"，表示處于極度缺乏的狀態(tài)或事件的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，與crucial相似。與crucial的區(qū)別在于它對缺乏的或危急的程度有更準(zhǔn)確的衡量；還指"批判性的，分析性的It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)不及格的。

11、crucial a.意為"決定性的，緊要關(guān)頭的，至關(guān)重要的"，最為籠統(tǒng)，適用于上述兩種情況。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇是至關(guān)重要的。urgent a.意為"緊迫的，急迫的，緊要的"，它不強(qiáng)調(diào)所指的問題是最重要的，僅強(qiáng)調(diào)"緊急的"狀態(tài)。We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助，我們的水就快要用光了。*admit,

12、confess, concedeadmit v.指由于說服、再三追問而"承認(rèn)"某一事實(shí)或過錯(cuò)。I admit that you have a point.我承認(rèn)你有理。confess v.供認(rèn)(罪行、過錯(cuò)等)，含有"坦白、招認(rèn)"的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供認(rèn)了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隱瞞或不愿意承認(rèn)某一錯(cuò)誤，但由于證據(jù)確鑿而不得不勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn)，還可以指"以退為進(jìn)"的承認(rèn)。The man who caused the accident finally concede

13、d to the police that he had done it.造成這次交通事故的人最終向警察承認(rèn)他是肇事人。*aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify這一組動(dòng)詞都有"加強(qiáng)"的意思。aggravate v.加重(負(fù)擔(dān)、罪行、病情等)，使之惡化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的腳受傷了，而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于軍隊(duì)或警察的行動(dòng)；(以添加材料等)加固。A police officer s

14、aw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三個(gè)盜賊搶劫銀行，用無線電話要求增援。increase v.指數(shù)量上的增加。The number of people has increased.人數(shù)增加了。strengthen v.加強(qiáng)，鞏固，增強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于to become stronger。Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天鍛煉可以提高心臟的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the national c

15、haracter rather than corrupt it.人們認(rèn)為競爭加強(qiáng)了民族性而不是破壞了它。intensify v.使變得更強(qiáng)烈、劇烈，加劇，相當(dāng)于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨*alert, cautious, considerate這一組形容詞都表示"小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的"。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking ne

16、ed.女主人一直站在旁邊，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備給大家斟酒。cautious a.細(xì)心的，謹(jǐn)慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態(tài)度謹(jǐn)慎。considerate a.關(guān)心他人的，體貼的。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。*alive, live, living, lively這一組形容詞都跟"活"有關(guān)。alive a.活著的，有活力的，常作表語，作定語時(shí)必須后置。After t

17、he accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活著的人live a.活的，有活力的，現(xiàn)場直播的。We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實(shí)況。living a.活著的，作定語可前可后，可修飾人也可修飾物。Who is the world's greatest living artist?誰是現(xiàn)在還健在的世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家？living room起居室lively a.活潑的，栩栩如生的。She is a lively youn

18、g girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個(gè)活潑可愛的小姑娘，總是歡聲笑語忙個(gè)不停。*alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline這一組動(dòng)詞都有"減少，減輕"的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕，緩和The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。diminish v.指因?yàn)椴粩嘞?，在?shù)量方面緩慢減少，也指在素質(zhì)或者價(jià)值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.

19、由于戰(zhàn)爭石油的供應(yīng)減少了。reduce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少；力量或者強(qiáng)度的減弱。The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。decline v. (數(shù)目、價(jià)格、比率)下降；謝絕，婉言推辭；衰退，衰落。Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。He decl

20、ined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。*allocate, separate, detach, divide這一組動(dòng)詞都有"分開"的意思。allocate v.分配，把撥給。The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預(yù)算中給學(xué)校和警察部門分配了資金。separate v.人為地分開，使隔離開。We separated the salad forks from the dinne

21、r forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。detach v.拆開組合的物體；遠(yuǎn)離，疏遠(yuǎn)。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。divide v.指將整體分為若干個(gè)部分。The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。*amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expandamplify v.擴(kuò)大，增加，尤其指通過增強(qiáng)電壓或電流使聲音擴(kuò)大；補(bǔ)充

22、敘述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進(jìn)一步的說明。enlarge v.擴(kuò)大，多指具體物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴(kuò)建房屋stretch v. (有彈性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超過限度；伸長、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或?yàn)榱藟蛑澄?。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。Having finished their mo

23、rning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后，職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。magnify v.放大，指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼鏡把字放大以便能夠閱讀。reinforce v.增援，加固。expand v.指范圍、體積的擴(kuò)大、增大，也可以指內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)的充實(shí)。The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹，然后就爆破了。*an

24、ger, fury, indignation, resentment這一組名詞都有"憤怒、生氣"的意思。anger n.氣憤，生氣，是一般用語。After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之后，他一拳打在那個(gè)人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度較anger要強(qiáng)。indignation n.義憤，尤其指出于道義上的激憤。Arise / arouse / attract general indignation at the sudden s

25、teep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價(jià)突然猛增激起的公憤resentment n.憤恨，怨恨，不滿，是正式用語，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨。There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后，辦公室里怨聲載道。*apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct這一組形容詞都有"明顯的"之意。apparent a.明顯的，顯而易見的，尤其指容易觀察到或認(rèn)識(shí)到的事物

26、。He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興，顯然他現(xiàn)在想走了。evident a.明白的，明顯的，與apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事實(shí)證明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的，在犯罪現(xiàn)場發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的指紋。manifest a.清楚的，明顯的，多指根據(jù)外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義，常作表語。Her ability is manifest,

27、 but she is not attractive.她才能出眾，但長相并不動(dòng)人。obvious a.明顯的，顯而易見的，含有無可辯白，不需證明之意。It is obvious that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然，那個(gè)婦女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明顯的；不同的，獨(dú)特的。修飾性質(zhì)明顯不同的東西。Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉(zhuǎn)。*applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaud v.鼓掌，贊

28、揚(yáng)，指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許，大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚(yáng)了我的工作，對我的努力表示贊許。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands。clap sb.為某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物commend v.為正式用詞，用于對具體功績或成就表示嘉獎(jiǎng)，通常指上級(jí)對下級(jí)、長輩對晚輩的贊賞。The teacher commended the student for doing well on th

29、e exam.老師表揚(yáng)學(xué)生們的考試成績優(yōu)異。praise v.為一般用詞，用于對某人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)表示欽佩羨慕；贊頌，贊美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得不錯(cuò)。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機(jī)事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。*area, district, region, zone這一組名詞都有"區(qū)域"的意思。area n.泛指面積較大的地區(qū)；面積；專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。The New York area has

30、high rents.紐約地區(qū)房租很高。district n.行政區(qū)劃的小范圍地區(qū)。如Xicheng District北京西城區(qū)region n.行政區(qū)劃上更大的地區(qū)，如"自治區(qū)"；身體部位。The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美國東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區(qū)的那六個(gè)州。zone n.指特定的地方、地帶。The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律

31、，在一些空地上開辟商業(yè)區(qū)。*assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium這一組名詞都表示"會(huì)議"的意思。assembly n.集合，集會(huì)。The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學(xué)生們在大禮堂舉行集會(huì)。conference n. (專門性的)會(huì)議，討論會(huì)。The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關(guān)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的會(huì)議

32、在日內(nèi)瓦召開。congress n.代表大會(huì)，(美國的)國會(huì)。Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國國會(huì)通過的法律，人民一定要遵守。rally n. (鼓舞士氣的)集會(huì)；群眾性集會(huì)。The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個(gè)動(dòng)員會(huì)，以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。seminar n. (大學(xué)的)研究班，研討會(huì)。During summer vacations some te

33、achers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教師在學(xué)院里參加研究班。session n. (一屆)會(huì)議，回合。the autumn session of Parliament議會(huì)的秋季會(huì)議summit n.最高級(jí)會(huì)議，峰會(huì)(通常為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加)。Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級(jí)會(huì)談。symposium n. (學(xué)術(shù)、科研方面的)座談會(huì)，專題報(bào)告會(huì)。The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會(huì)持續(xù)了兩天。*a

34、ssessment, estimate, evaluation這一組名詞都有"評估"的意思。assessment n.評估，估價(jià)，常常表示對于財(cái)產(chǎn)、價(jià)值的評估。We have a low assessment on our property.我們對我們的資產(chǎn)評估很低。estimate n.估計(jì)，強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行評估得出的結(jié)果，常與動(dòng)詞give搭配。The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機(jī)械師給我的汽車修理費(fèi)的粗略估計(jì)是200或30

35、0美元。evaluation n. (對于能力，價(jià)值、工作業(yè)績的)評價(jià)，估價(jià)，常帶有肯定的、正確的含義。He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他對于我們的科學(xué)研究給予了積極的評價(jià)。*associate, ally, combine, unite這一組詞都有"聯(lián)合"的意思。associate v.交往，結(jié)交；聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示與某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某個(gè)方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我們同

36、鄰居交往。ally v.使結(jié)盟，使聯(lián)姻，多與with搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.幾個(gè)政治黨派聯(lián)合起來反對提高稅收。combine v.聯(lián)合，化合，混合，多指為了某個(gè)目的將不同的人或物混合而成一個(gè)整體。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黃油和面粉混合到一起做成面團(tuán)。unite v.聯(lián)合，合并，團(tuán)結(jié)，尤指不同的事物或人組成統(tǒng)一體，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果的一致性。The nation united

37、against its enemy.國民團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同對敵。*award, rewardaward v.指正式地或官方地頒發(fā)，授予，給予；也可以指法庭裁決給予。后面可跟雙賓語。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.學(xué)校校長將歷史獎(jiǎng)授予最出色的學(xué)生。reward v.酬勞，獎(jiǎng)賞，回報(bào)，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某種服務(wù)而應(yīng)得到報(bào)酬或酬謝，其后一般以人或人的行為作賓語。后跟with用來說明以何物作為報(bào)酬。I will reward to the person who returns my lost d

38、og.我將出50美元，酬謝幫我找回丟失的狗的人。*aware, consciousaware a.知道的，意識(shí)到的，強(qiáng)調(diào)感官對外界事物的意識(shí)。He was aware of his mistake.他意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。conscious a.有意識(shí)的，意識(shí)到的，一般指內(nèi)心所意識(shí)到的。The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.銷售員意識(shí)到他必須增加銷售量。*basic, elementary, fundamentalbasic a.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的，既可用于具體事物，也可用于抽象事物。He has a bas

39、ic understanding of the problem.他對問題有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初級(jí)的。elementary school小學(xué)fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必須的。Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.誠實(shí)是與別人相處的基本原則。*bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass這一組詞都有"迷惑"的意思。bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，強(qiáng)調(diào)非常困惑，通常表現(xiàn)為心理和智力的紊亂，語氣最重。H

40、e was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他沒有得到事先警告就被開除了，完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.當(dāng)這些農(nóng)夫們第一次到城里的時(shí)候，他們對城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，強(qiáng)調(diào)不理解或解決不了。Where the sunken treasure i

41、s puzzles explorers.沉沒寶藏的下落令探險(xiǎn)家們大惑不解。confuse v.一般用語，使混亂，使糊涂，強(qiáng)調(diào)因混淆而使人產(chǎn)生迷亂。He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他發(fā)錯(cuò)了報(bào)告，因?yàn)樗阉鼈兺硗庖恍﹫?bào)告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫，使為難，使困惑，有令人不快、難為情和內(nèi)心混亂的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男

42、友在別人面前嘲笑她的新發(fā)型，使她感到難堪。*blame, condemn, reproach, scold這一組動(dòng)詞都有"責(zé)怪"的意思。blame v.責(zé)怪，把歸咎于。You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.萬一你考試不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.譴責(zé)，用于比較正式的、嚴(yán)肅的場合。The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫貪杯而責(zé)怪他。reproach v. (書面語)責(zé)備，表示不滿。His teacher reproa

43、ched him for not doing his homework.老師責(zé)備他不做作業(yè)。scold v.責(zé)罵，訓(xùn)斥。*blunder, error, mistake這一組詞都表示"錯(cuò)誤"。blunder n. (因?yàn)闊o知、疏忽犯下的)大錯(cuò)，愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.這位女士由于我的問題感到很難過，我感覺到犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)。error n.指判斷、計(jì)算或行為上的錯(cuò)誤，也可指智力或道義上的錯(cuò)誤。The ac

44、cident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的。mistake n.誤會(huì)，誤解；(粗心、遺忘所導(dǎo)致的)錯(cuò)誤。I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我錯(cuò)拿了你的手提包。*brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid這一組形容詞都有"弱"的意思。brittle a.易碎的，易損壞的，通常是指堅(jiān)硬的東西。The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨頭變得脆弱，很

45、容易骨折。fragile a.常常修飾使用時(shí)必須小心才不會(huì)破碎的東西，也引申為體弱的，虛弱的。He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他參加了昨晚的聚會(huì)以后，現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。frail a. (指人)體弱的，虛弱的，也可以指東西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母親已經(jīng)年老體弱。crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活躍的，有生氣的，干凈利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的餅干The student gave a clear, crisp answer

46、to the teacher's question.學(xué)生干凈利落地回答了老師的問題。invalid a.不正確的，缺乏證據(jù)的；無效的，作廢的。作名詞時(shí)，表示病弱者，傷殘者，久病者。Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你關(guān)于最早的人類的觀點(diǎn)很有意思，但是缺乏證據(jù)。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次嚴(yán)重的車禍?zhǔn)顾兂闪藲埣病?boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge這幾個(gè)名詞都有"邊界"的意思。bou

47、ndary n.邊界；界線。多指作為界線的標(biāo)識(shí)物等。The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.這道柵欄是我的地和她的地的分界線。border n.較寬的邊緣，邊界，多指兩國或兩地之間的分界處附近的邊緣地區(qū)、邊界地帶；也可以指物體的邊緣等。We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.我們穿過墨西哥邊界進(jìn)入美國境內(nèi)。frontier n.邊界，邊境，邊疆，指靠近邊界(boundary)的區(qū)域；也可引申為"未開發(fā)的領(lǐng)域"，"(學(xué)術(shù)的)前沿"等。The

48、American West was still a frontier a century ago.一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前美國西部還是一片邊疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是從事生物學(xué)前沿研究的生化學(xué)家。rim n.邊，邊緣，尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。verge n. (道路、花壇等長著草的)邊緣，引申為"某事即將發(fā)生之際"。on the verge of war戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之際*brief, concise, curt, succinct這一組形容詞都有"簡短的"意思。br

49、ief a.簡明扼要的，簡短的，指時(shí)間短暫，辦事利索，態(tài)度明了等；有時(shí)含有"雖短但卻不失全面"的意味。The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.經(jīng)理致了簡短的開幕詞。concise a. (文字等的)簡要、精練，常含有保留主要部分的意思。His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信寫得簡明扼要，省略掉了所有與該項(xiàng)工作無關(guān)的部分。curt a.三言兩語的，簡短的，常含有"草率"的意思。He

50、asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"他問老板一個(gè)問題，但是老板草率的說："我沒時(shí)間搭理你。"succinct a.簡明的，簡潔的，簡練的，尤指用詞簡練，除含有concise的意思外，還有經(jīng)過壓縮的或簡化的意思。succinct summary of the argument論點(diǎn)的概要*certify, rectify, testify, verify這是一組形近易混詞。certify v.證明，聲稱是真的。He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他證明那是他妻子的手跡。rectify v.改正，糾正；整頓。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯(cuò)。testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作證；表明。He is the only perso