考研中醫(yī)綜合-中醫(yī)診斷學(xué)(七)

1、中醫(yī)綜合-中醫(yī)診斷學(xué)（七）(總分：100.00，做題時間：90分鐘)一、Section I Use of English(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)Personality is to a large extent inherent. A-type parents usually (1) A-type offspring. But theenvironment must also have a profound effect (2) if competition is important to the parents, itis (3) to become a major factor in

2、 the lives of their children.One place where children (4) A characteristics is school, which is, (5) its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (6) the "win at all costs" moral standard and measuretheir success by sporting achievements. The current (7) for making c

3、hildren compete against their classmates or against the (8) produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem insome way better than their B type fellows. Being too (9) to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (10) dead seconds after

4、 saying. "Rejoice, we conquer!"(11) the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.There is, for example, a (12) school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they dowell. The (13) of competition by examination are somewhat questionable

5、, but competition in the certain (14) of failure is positively harmful.(15) , it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The worldneeds types, and schools have an important duty to try to (16) a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is to

6、p management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was (17) , more time might be spent teachingchildren surer values. Perhaps selection (18) the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (19) as sensitivity and sympathy. It

7、is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B's are important and should be (20).（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）（1）.A bring about B care for C carry on D keep up（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：注釋詞義搭配。瀏覽第1段，可以得知本文講述人的性格及分類，并進(jìn)一步說明決定性格的內(nèi)因和外因。本句講“A型父母通常生 A型子女?！?，故應(yīng)選bring about（產(chǎn)生）。care for（照料，操心），carr

8、y on（繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）和keep up（使不倒下，保持）均與句意不符，不能入選。.A when B since C although D and（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：注釋邏輯搭配。本句是復(fù)合句，前面是主句，后面是從句。從邏輯上看，后面說明原因，故應(yīng)選 since（因為）。解這類題的技巧是瞻前顧后，注意上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系，然后區(qū)別詞義，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填入句 中，使句子前后連貫，與全文融為一體。.A possible B crucial C likely D essential（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：注釋 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。本句中 it 不是形式主語，而是實際主

9、語，指代前面的 competition ?？梢姡?本句意為“競爭很可能成為他們子女生活中重要的因素”。possible不能入選，因為在it is possibleto do sth. 的句型中， it 是形式主語，動詞不定式是實際主語。 crucial（ 至關(guān)緊要的，決定性的 ） 和 essential（ 必須的，基礎(chǔ)性的 ） 均與句意相悖。（4）.A draw on B get over C drag on D soak up（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：注釋詞義搭配。soak up（吸收）與句意相符。draw on（利用；趕上）、get over（戰(zhàn)勝）和drag on（

10、拖 延） 均與句意不符。（5）.A for B by C with D to（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析： 注釋 慣用搭配。 by one's nature（6）.A adapt B abide C adopt D absorbA.B.C. VD.解析： 注釋 詞義搭配。本句在談?wù)搶W(xué)校接受某種道德準(zhǔn)則。故應(yīng)選abide vt. （ 忍受，容忍 ） 和 absorb vt. （ 吸收 ） 均與句意不符。（7）.A passion B support C initiative D desirabilityA. VB.C.D.解析： 注釋 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。 passion 意為

11、“熱愛，熱情，熱衷” 符合句意，又滿足結(jié)構(gòu)需要。 support n. （ （ 可取性 ） 均不符合句意需要。（8）.A authority B world C nature D clockA.是成語，意為“按的本性”。（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）adopt 。 adapt vt. （ 改變，使適應(yīng) ） ，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）支持 ) ， initiative n. (分?jǐn)?shù)：后常接介詞 for 。本題選 passion 主動性，積極性 ） 和 desirability n.0.50 )搶時間。（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）熱衷于做某事，迫切想做某事。 be liable to do sth.（易（喜B.C.

12、D. V解析： 注釋 慣用搭配。 against the clock(9) .A liable B ready C keen D fondA.B.C. VD.解析： 注釋 詞義搭配。 be keen to do sth.于得 病等 ，可能會受到 懲罰等 ) ， be ready to do sth. ( 愿意，老愛做某事 ) 和 fond of doing sth. 愛做某事 ) 在詞義或結(jié)構(gòu)上均與本句不符。分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）(10) .A dropped B collapsed C tripped D stumbledA. VB.C.D.解析： 注釋 詞義搭配。 drop dead 意為“

13、倒地斃命”。 collapse vi. （ 倒塌 ） ， trip （over） vi. （ 絆倒， 失足 ） 和 stumble （over） vi. （絆倒 ） 均與句意不符。（11）.A So far B By far C Thus far D Far too（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D.解析：V 注釋 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。 by far 常與形容詞最高級連用，表示程度之最。so far（ 至今 ） 、thus far（ 至今 ）和 far too（ 實在太 ） 均與句意不符。（12）.A responsible B reliable C scarce D rare （分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）

14、A.B.C.D. V解析： 注釋 詞義搭配。 rare adj. 少有的，稀少的。 scarce adj. 缺少的，供不應(yīng)求的。 responsible adj. 負(fù)責(zé)的。 reliable adj. 可靠的。根據(jù)上下文，只有 rare 能滿足句意需要。（13）.A merits B drawbacks C defects D faults（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D.解析：V 注釋 詞義搭配。此句在談?wù)撏ㄟ^考試來進(jìn)行競爭的長處是有點不太可取，故應(yīng)選merits 。drawbacks（ 缺點 ） ，defects（ 缺陷，毛病 ） 和 faults（ 缺點，毛病 ）均與句意不符。 （1

15、4）.A destiny B recognition C knowledge D intention（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D.解析：V 注釋 詞義搭配。此處 knowledge 意為“知道”，而不是“知識”。destiny n. （ 命運，命中注 定的事）,recognition n.（ 認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)）和intention n.（ 意圖，本來的想法）均與句意不符（15）.A Frequently B Obviously C Presumably D Specifically（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D.解析：V 注釋 邏輯搭配。此處需要一個承上啟下的過渡詞，Obviously

16、（ 顯然 ） 正好起到這個作用。Frequently（ 常常，頻繁地 ） ， Presumably（ 可假定，可推測 ） 和 Specifically（ 具體地說 ） 均不符合上下文的 邏輯需要。（16）.A suit B apply C accustom D fit（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：注釋詞義搭配。fit A to B（ 使A適合B）符合句意。suit A to B 這一搭配不存在。suit（適合， 合適 ） ： The job suits me down to the ground （ 這份工作非常適合我。 ）apply vt. 應(yīng)用。 apply to 適 合

17、。accustom vt. （to）使習(xí)慣于： Hehad to accustom himself to the cold weather of his new country.（17）.A augmented B lessened C increased D boosted （分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 注釋 邏輯型詞義搭配。本句的意思是：如果學(xué)校少注重一點學(xué)業(yè)，那就可以花更多的時間教孩子 更可靠的價值觀念。 可見， Blessened 符合上下文的邏輯和詞義需要。 augmented，increased 和 boosted 均有“增加”之意，在邏輯上屬增減顛到，故均應(yīng)排

18、除。（18）.A for B of C by D to（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50）A. VB.C.D.解析： 注釋 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。 selection 意為“挑選， 選拔”。如果說：“挑選籃球隊員”， 則應(yīng)譯為“ selectionof a basket team"。如果說：“為學(xué)校挑選最佳考生"，則應(yīng)譯為“selection of the best candidatesfor the school ”。本句中是講“為護(hù)理專業(yè)選拔”，故應(yīng)選 for 。如果選 of ，則 selection of caring professions 意為“挑選護(hù)理專業(yè)”。（19）.A judgment

19、s B assumptions C considerations D estimates（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 注釋 詞義搭配。 considerations 用作復(fù)數(shù)時，意為“考慮到的事，原因，因素”。 judgments（ 判 斷） ， assumptions（ 假設(shè)）和 estimates（ 估計） 均與句意不符，故不能入選。（20）.A appreciated B opted C adored D encouraged（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：注釋詞義搭配。本句前半句講“B型人才也很重要”，所以后半句講“他們應(yīng)該得到鼓勵”。故應(yīng)選enco

20、uraged。appreciated（ 感激，贊賞），opted（選擇，決定做）后接不定式或 for , adored（鐘愛； 崇拜 ） 均不能入選。二、Section n Reading Comprehension （總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）三、Part A （ 總題數(shù)： 0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00）四、Text 1 （ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）British cancer' researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases aroun

21、d industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-notthe environmental factors widely blamedfor the disease."Childhood leukaemia

22、appears to be an unusual result of a common infection," said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950."A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from la

23、rge towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection. " Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northe

24、rn England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establisha link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson andLouise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have bee

25、n predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff movedinto a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their pare

26、nts are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing," Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinl

27、en, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.(分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 )(1) .Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?A Leo KinlenB Richard DollC Louise ParkerD Heather

28、 Dickinson (分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A. VB.C.D.解析：從文章最后一段來看， 這一理論最早是由 Leo Kinten 提出來的， Heather Dickinson 和 Louise Parker 進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步證實， Richard Doll 則是最早將吸煙和肺癌聯(lián)系起來的人，所以此題正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)為A。(2) .Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker's new findings?A Radiation has contributed to the disease.B

29、Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.C Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster.D Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection. (分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析：第二段里“ ., but failed to establish a link withradia

30、tion or pollution ”這句話證明 A是錯的；“ You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from largetowns in a rural area，”則證明 B 是錯的；“ Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection ”證明 D是錯的；“ Our study shows that population mixing can account for the leuka

31、emia cluster and that all children，”證明 C是正確的。所以此題正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)為C。(3) .According to the passage, which of the following is true?A Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.C Radiation has nothing to do with chil

32、dhood leukaemia.D Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.(分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A. VB.C.D.解析：第一段最后一句話證明選項 A是正確的。B不對，因為人口混居是造成這種病多發(fā)的原因，而非致但并不表示它和輻射沒有關(guān)系；D不對,A。 British Journal of Cancer ”這句話因此它不太可能是政府機(jī)構(gòu)或私營公司，病的原因；C不對，因為盡管文中說沒有確定這種病和輻射的關(guān)系， 因為這種病的高發(fā)區(qū)是人口混居區(qū)而非大城鎮(zhèn)。所以正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)為（4）.Cancer Research Ca

33、mpaign is most possibly a.A medical journalB research instituteC private companyD governmental agency （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 從“Cancer Research Campaign， which publishes the 可以看出， Cancer Research Campaign 出版關(guān)于癌癥方面的雜志，更不可能是醫(yī)學(xué)雜志的名稱，而應(yīng)該是科研機(jī)構(gòu)的可能性比較大。所以正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)為B。(5) .This passage is mainly aboutA the clu

34、ster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC the causes of childhood leukaemiaD a new finding by British scientists(分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A.B.C.D. V解析：這篇文章主要討論的是英國科學(xué)家關(guān)于兒童白血病致病原因的新說法，D應(yīng)當(dāng)是正確答案。其余幾個選項或者不全面，或者與原文內(nèi)容不符。五、Text 2 （ 總題數(shù)：

35、1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today's scientists can hope to contribute no more

36、than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today's leading scientists and s

37、cience philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shoc

38、k and disbelief, "Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code, plate

39、tectonics, and themicrowave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuinescientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made befo

40、re the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today's? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of dimin

41、ished returns. "Look, don't get me wrong," says Mr Horgan. "There are lots of important things stillto study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress./（分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）（

42、1）.The sentence "most of the best things have already been located" could mean.A. most of the best things have already been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already b

43、een discovered （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：“世界上大部分秘密已經(jīng)被揭開”。正如文章第一段所示，科學(xué)家最不愿聽到的是游戲已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 由于他們一直相信科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一場無盡頭的旅程，他們很難接受下列這種說法，即最好的東西大都已經(jīng) 被找到，也就是說最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)大都已經(jīng)完成。如果它們真的被找到了，那么，今天的科學(xué)家充其量也就 是在科學(xué)的交響樂上再加上幾個裝飾音符而已了。言外之意，今天的科學(xué)家不會再有什么偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)了，至 多會給前人的發(fā)現(xiàn)起到一點補(bǔ)充的作用。（2）.John Horgan.I. has published a book entitled The End o

44、f Sciencen . has been working as an editor of Scientific American山.has been working many years as a literary criticIV. is working as a science writerA. I and n B. IC. I and V D. I, n and V （分?jǐn)?shù):2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析: 從文章的第二段我們可以得知， John Horgan 即是 The End of Science 一書的作者， 又是 Scientific American 雜志的資深撰稿人

45、。（3）.There have not been manygenuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades becauseA. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scientists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. to

46、day's scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past（分?jǐn)?shù): 2.00 ）A. VB.C.D.解析:“在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究上， 所取得的收益已減少”。 文章的最后一段中的第三句對此作出了明確的解答。（4）.The term "the Big Bang" probably refers to.A. the genetic code theoryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universeD. the origin and th

47、e power of atomic energy（分?jǐn)?shù): 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：“有關(guān)宇宙起源的理論”。用“ Big Bang ”來解釋宇宙起源的理論。然而對 C項的選擇，原文對此 表示并不明朗。(5) .The best title of this passage can be.A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The State Sponsorship and Scientific

48、Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce(分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00)A.B.C.D. V解析：“進(jìn)行偉大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會減少”。文章的第一段表達(dá)了這一觀點，最后一段對產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原 因做出解釋。六、Text 3 (總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)If menare from Mars and womenare from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared beliefs: Men and women can

49、't be real friends. Many may point to the jealousy that plagues many rational people when a significant other befriends someoneof the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It just can't be done. Is it right?Wrong, say relationship experts. "The belief

50、 that menand womencan't be friends comes from another era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance," explains Linda Sapadin, Ph. D, a psychologist in private practice in Valley Stream, New York. "Now they work t

51、ogether and have sports interests together and socialize together." This cultural shift is encouraging psychologists, sociologists and communications experts to put forth a new message: though it may be tricky, men and women can successfully become close friends. What's more, there are good

52、 reasons for them to do so.Society has long singled out romance as the prototypical male-female relationship because it spawns babies and keeps the life cycle going; cross-sex friendship, as researchers call it, has been either ignored or trivialized. Wehave rules for how to act in romantic relation

53、ships (flirt, date, get married, have kids) and even same-sex friendships (boys relate by doing activities together, girls by talking and sharing). But there are so few platonic male-female friendships on display in our culture that we're at a loss even to define these relationships.A certain 19

54、89 film starring Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal convinced a nation of moviegoers that romance always comes between men and women, making true friendship impossible. "When Harry Met Sally set the potential for male-female friendship back about 25 years," says Michael Monsour,Ph. D., assistant p

55、rofessor of communications at the University of Colorado at Denver and author of Womeand Men as Friends: Relationships across the Life Span in the 21st Century. "Almost every time you see a male-female friendship, it winds up turning into romance."In 1989, Don O'Meara, Ph. D., a sociol

56、ogy professor at the University of Cincinnati-Raymond Walters College, published a landmark study in the journal Sex Roles on the top impediments to cross-sex friendship. Amongseveral challenges he pointed out in his research, society may not be entirely ready for friendships between menand womentha

57、t have no sexual subtext. People with close friends of the opposite sex are often barraged with nudging, winking and skepticism: "Are you really just friends?" This is especially true, says O'Meara, of older adults, who grew up when men and women were off-limits to each other until marriage.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)(1) .What does the word "befriends" (Line 3, Para. 1 ) most probably mean?A Stop being friends with.B Go on a d