代詞的分類和用法

1、. .PAGE6 / NUMPAGES6代詞一、代詞概念 1、代詞的定義：代替名詞、數(shù)詞、上下文的詞句例：一只狗it 一個(gè)人she / he2、代詞的分類一) 人稱代詞 二) 物主代詞 三) 反身代詞 四) 指示代詞五 )疑問(wèn)代詞 六) 連接代詞 七) 關(guān)系代詞 八) 不定代詞二、人稱代詞1、人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用人稱代詞的賓格； 作主格時(shí)：她是一個(gè)很小心的出租車司機(jī)。 She is a careful taxi-driver. 作賓格時(shí)：他們都非常喜歡她。 They all like her very much.2、人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格，尤其在口語(yǔ)中； 誰(shuí)敲門？ Who is

2、 knocking at door? 是我。 Its me.3、it 的用法a. 代替上文提到的東西 例：我的鋼筆丟了，我找不到它。 My pen is missing. I cannot find it. b. 代替事件和情況 例：杰克病了。你聽(tīng)人說(shuō)起過(guò)嗎？ Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?c. 表示嬰兒和未知的人 例：這個(gè)寶寶是男孩還是女孩？ Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy. d. 代替this, that 例：What is this? This / It is a guitar. What is that?

3、 That / It is a computer.e 表示時(shí)間和天氣 例：今天天氣很冷。It is very cold today. 明天是星期天。It is Sunday tomorrow.f 表示地點(diǎn)和距離 例：離倫敦有多遠(yuǎn)？ How far is it from Beijing to London?三、物主代詞1、物主代詞的分類形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞2、形容詞性物主代詞 起到形容詞作用，只能作定語(yǔ) 例：dictionary (字典) my dictionary3、名詞性物主代詞 起到名詞作用，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和與of連用作定語(yǔ)； 表語(yǔ) 例：這個(gè)小刀是我的。 The/ This

4、 knife is mine. 主語(yǔ) 例：我們的教室在一樓，他們的教室在二樓。 Our classroom is on the 2rd floor. Theirs is on the 3rd floor. 賓語(yǔ) 例：你可以用我的鋼筆，我用他的。 You may use my pen, I will use his. 定語(yǔ) 例：他是我的一位朋友。 He is a friend of mine.4、考點(diǎn)：用the代替物主代詞； 例：他打了她的頭。 He hit her on the head. 士兵腿部受了傷。 The soldier was hurt in the leg.5、英語(yǔ)中，類似于“我

5、的”“你的”詞語(yǔ)不能省略； 例：請(qǐng)幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。Please help me with my English. 別把手揣在兜兒里。Dont put your hands in your pocket.四、反身代詞反身代詞的非強(qiáng)調(diào)用法 1、反身代詞一般作賓語(yǔ)；作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)與物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作重新又回到動(dòng)作者本身；位置在動(dòng)詞后。 例：一只蠟燭照亮了別人，損耗了自己。 A candle lights others and consumes itself. 寬以待人，嚴(yán)于律己。 Forgive others but not yourself.2、反身代詞的分類： 第一人稱 myself oursel

6、ves 第二人稱 yourself yourselves 第三人稱 himself /herself/ itself themselves 不定人稱 oneself one selves3、有些固定的動(dòng)詞后加反身代詞，其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)突然不自覺(jué)的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。比如在 find（找到）/ here（聽(tīng)到）/ catch （抓?。┑葎?dòng)詞。 例：自信是走向成功的第一步。 Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 這部小說(shuō)對(duì)向我這樣的初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，太難了。 The novel is too difficu

7、lt for beginners likemyself / me.4、介詞反身代詞1)by oneself 獨(dú)自 例： He lives by himself. He did it by himself. Press the button anddoor opens by itself.2)of oneself 自動(dòng)的 例： Success will not come of itself to knock at your door. The door opened of itself3)for oneself 獨(dú)自 例： If you dont believe me, you go there

8、 and see for yourself. His son is old enough to do it for himself.4) in oneself 本身 例： Youd better asked patient in herself about her trouble.The invitation is in itself friendship step.5) beside oneself 欣喜若狂，高度興奮 例： He was beside himself with joy.6) between ourselves 兩者之間 例： The matter is between ou

9、rselves. among oneself 三者之間 例： They divided the apples among themselves反身代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法一般作名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)；1、位置可置于名詞之后，句首、句尾用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 例：The president himself will chair the meeting. The president will chair the meeting himself. I myself cant come, but I will ask someone to help. We ourselves will build our college.

10、2、可以將very own real等強(qiáng)調(diào)詞插入反身代詞中間，強(qiáng)調(diào)該反身代詞。 例：I will go there my own self. It is her very self you saw.五、指示代詞this that these those指示代詞在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；1、主語(yǔ) 例：Is this your pen? No, it isnt. Its Marys. These are our books. That is a good idea2、表語(yǔ) 例：What I want is this.3、賓語(yǔ) 例：You like this but I like that

11、.4、定語(yǔ) 例： Those books are Davids. In those years, they seldom did experiment to test ideas.5、that those代表同類事物，即同類不同物； 若同類同物，則用人稱代詞 例： The population of China is larger than that of India.The girls in class 4 are more active than those in class 3.6、such same主語(yǔ) 例： Such were the facts. The same may be s

12、ad of his father. 定語(yǔ) 例： I dont like such weather. We live under the same roof and eat at the same table.表語(yǔ) 例： His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. His composition is the same as yours.賓語(yǔ) 例： Good health. The same to you. I wish you the same.六、不定代詞不定代詞的分類肯定類不定代詞 all everybody both either ever

13、ything some somebody someone something a little a few否定類不定代詞no nobody none neither nothing none no one nobody nothing little few1作主語(yǔ) 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)的應(yīng)用上，一般應(yīng)具下面的規(guī)則： a. both在肯定句中作復(fù)數(shù), either neither作單數(shù)； b. all 指人的時(shí)候，一般用復(fù)數(shù)；指物的時(shí)候，一般用單數(shù)； 例：Both of them study English but neither of them studies Japanese. All ar

14、e here at the meeting. Neither of them is good at English. 辨析：Neither of us have been to Beijing. 全部否定 Both of us havent been to Beijing. 部分否定 2作定語(yǔ)Many few 修飾可數(shù)名詞Much little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞Some any no 修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 例 ：Many people have gone. Do / Would you like some water. There is a little money in my pocket

15、.不定代詞的基本用法1主語(yǔ) One must ones duty.2表語(yǔ) Thats all I can do.3同位語(yǔ) They all agree to carry out the plan quickly.4賓語(yǔ) The apple is not good. Please give me another.5定語(yǔ) The story is much more interesting than the other two.6狀語(yǔ) I spend some 2 hours doing my homework yesterday. some+時(shí)間：表示大約例： I dont think ther

16、e is anything about haircut that could make me love you any less.不定代詞的辨析1some / any a. some指人或物，多用于肯定句中； 在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中一般用any； 但表示一種建議的時(shí)候，采取疑問(wèn)形式。 例：Will you have some tea? Here apples, wont you have some? b. any指一些時(shí)，用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。 表示任何的，任何一個(gè)時(shí)，用于肯定句中。 例：You can ask any student who you meet for help. You

17、may come here at any day. He did better than any before him.2both / neither / either both (兩者都) 用于肯定述句，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后；謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 例：You are both completely wrong. either（兩者中任意一個(gè)）其后動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 例：Either of them is going to agree to this arrangement.neither (兩者都不)其后動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 例：Neither of them is good at Engli

18、sh. Neither of us has been to Beijing.3each / every each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別；每一，每個(gè)；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 例：Each of us has a new dictionary. She knows each student of the class. There are trees on each side of the street. every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體；每；指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上整體中的每一個(gè)；一般只能作形容詞；一般修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示每個(gè)都；修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，意思有差異；不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。 例：You can learn something us