英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法16種時(shí)態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)式動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)式動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)式1)describesthingsthathappenonaregularbasis,oftenusedwithadverbsoffrequency時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：every,sometimes,at,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)describespermanentsituationsTheearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Waterboils

2、at100Centigrade.3）describesfixedeventsinthefutureTheplanetakesoffat9:00tomorrowmorning.4)表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　ｒ溦弑財(cái)?。此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：例如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.5)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idontwantsomuc

3、h.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句第二句中的中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況。是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況。6）祈使句中）祈使句中（togivedirect

4、ionsorinstructions)Godownthestreet,andthentakethesecondturningontheleft.1）下列動(dòng)詞：）下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情事情(timetabledorfixedevents)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在

5、進(jìn)行，如：倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)Itwillbe+(aperiodoftime)+before+(thepresentsimpletense).Itwillbeayearbeforewetakepartintheuniversityentranceexaminations.4）在時(shí)間或條件句中。）在時(shí)間或條件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.cf.IdontknowwhenBillwil

6、lcome.IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere. 由由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或或will表表“意愿意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們?nèi)绻阍敢饨邮懿⒓游覀兊奈钑?huì)，我的家人會(huì)非常高興。的舞會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)非常高興。Illappreciateitifyouwilldomeafavour.5）在動(dòng)詞）在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat,

7、seetoitthat等后。等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.6)在在themorethemore句型中，從句也要用一句型中，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)取代將來(lái)時(shí)。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)取代將來(lái)時(shí)。eg:2.Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwillget.7)主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，nomatterwhat/who/which/when/whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)What

8、everyousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.Nomatterwhichyoulike,Illgiveittoyou.1.表示現(xiàn)在表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：Wearewaitingforyou.2.短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(withinatemporaryperiod)，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.HeisnowlivinginShanghai.(Theactionistemporary.)cf.Helivesi

9、nShanghai.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.Iamfeedingtheneighbourscatthisweekwhileshesinhospital.Idontreallyworkhere；Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.3.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。等。Theleavesareturningred.Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.表示當(dāng)前的動(dòng)向與趨勢(shì)表示當(dāng)前的動(dòng)向與趨勢(shì)Technologyisde

10、velopingrapidly.Playingcomputergamesisbecomingmoreandmorepopularwithyoungpeople.4.表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，但倒裝句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，但倒裝句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)如如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.5.與與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。色彩。Youarea

11、lwayschangingyourmind.YouarealwaysdoingwellHesalwaysaskingthesamequestion.6.狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后面接形容詞狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后面接形容詞brave;careful;stupid;clever;foolish;polite;kind;shy等時(shí)，為主語(yǔ)所表現(xiàn)的等時(shí)，為主語(yǔ)所表現(xiàn)的非一般慣性特點(diǎn)或故意的行為。非一般慣性特點(diǎn)或故意的行為。eg:1.Youarebeingveryclevertoday.2.Heisbeingpolite.3.Mysonisbeingagoodboyatthemoment.7.usedtoexpre

12、ssarrangementsinthefutureWerespendingnextwinterinAustralia.ShesleavingforShanghaitomorrow.(oftenwithwordslikearrive,come,go,leave)Theactionislikelytocontinueafterthetimeofspeaking,butislikelytostopatsomepoint.Itistemporary.eg.Illbewithyouinaminute.ImjustfinishingsomethinginthekitchenImwritingtotelly

13、outhat如：如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.如：如：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.如：如：accep

14、t,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.如：如：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreety

15、esterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlikethat.3）用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語(yǔ)氣委婉禮貌。用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語(yǔ)氣委婉禮貌。（1）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoask

16、youaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would，例如：例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4）用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.Itistimeforsb.todosth“到到時(shí)間了；該時(shí)間了；該了了”，例如：例如：Itistimeforyoutogo

17、tobed.你該睡覺(jué)了。你該睡覺(jué)了。Itistimesb.didsth.“時(shí)間已遲了；早該時(shí)間已遲了；早該了了”，例如：，例如：Itistime你早該睡覺(jué)了。你早該睡覺(jué)了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示表示“寧愿某人做某事寧愿某人做某事”，例如：例如：Idrather.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+since分句分句Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含義：她已不在人間。含義：她已不在人間。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlif

18、e.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著著)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：達(dá)比太含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：現(xiàn)含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)usedto與與wouldusedto-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutno longer happenused to be - describes past states t

19、hat have changed Heusedtobeateacher. （） He would be a teacher.（）would-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutnow happen with more or less frequencycf.be/getusedto-be/becomeaccustomedtoSometimesthetimebecomesdefiniteasaresultofaquestionandanswerinthepresentperfecteg.1)-Wherehaveyoubeen?-Ive

20、beentotheopera.-Didyouenjoyit?2)-Ihaveboughtadictionary.-Wheredidyoubuyit?/Whendidyoubuyit?3)-Haveyouseenmystamps?-Yes.Isawthemonyourdeskaminuteago.主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 Ididntknowyouwerehere.語(yǔ)境中的語(yǔ)境中的“剛剛，剛剛，在過(guò)去在過(guò)去”-Comeonin,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.-Oh,howniceofyou.Ineverthoughtyouwe

21、regoingtobringmeagift.Yourphonenumberagain?Ididntquitecatchit.1）概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。）概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句：例句：Myb

22、rotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.ShewaswatchingTVwhileherbrotherwaslisteningtotheradio.TheWhiteswerehavingdinnerwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift. Iwashelpingmymotherinthe

23、kitchenalldayyesterday.Shewaswritingabooklastyear.ButIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.cf.Shewroteabooklastyear.Ithassoldwell.1)shall常用于第一人稱常用于第一人稱cf.Shallhecomein?(Doyouwanthimtocomein?)will可以用于各種人稱可以用于各種人稱Hewillbeeighteennextmonth.2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來(lái)。不定式，表示將來(lái)。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事(事

24、先考慮好）。事先考慮好）。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;itisgoingtorain.Sheisputtingonweight.Sheisgoingtobequitefat.3)be+不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意為

25、馬上做某事。不定式，意為馬上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.beaboutto不能與不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。5)bedoing-adefinitearrangementinthenearfutureImtakinganexaminOctober.(implies:Ihaveenteredforit.)BobandBillaremeetingtonight.(implies:Theyhavearrangedit.)cf.begoingto-anexpressionofintentionI

26、mgoingtosellthecar.(Imyselfplantosellit.)Whenhefindsabuyer,hecansay:Imsellingthecar.6)willbedoing-Itmerelystatesthatthisactionwillhappen.Itimpliesanactionwhichwilloccurinthenormalcourseofevents.eg.IllbeseeingTomtomorrow.(perhapstheyworktogether)cf.ImseeingTomtomorrow.(ItimpliesthatTomandthespeakerha

27、sdeliberatelyarrangedthemeeting.)IamgoingtoGuangzhou.I_Kate.(see)Doyouhavesomethingto_toher?(take)willbeseeingbetaken beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto則則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排客觀安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排主觀安排) 祈使句祈使句+并列連

28、詞并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句的句式中，常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。的句式中，常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。eg:Hurryupandyouwillgetthelastbus用于條件句時(shí)，用于條件句時(shí)，begoingto表將來(lái)，表將來(lái)，will表表意愿意愿。例如：。例如：Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.預(yù)見(jiàn)預(yù)見(jiàn)Youllfeelbetteraftertakingthism

29、edicine.意圖意圖（說(shuō)話時(shí)才考慮到的（說(shuō)話時(shí)才考慮到的）-Youforgottoturnthelightoff.-SoIdid.Iwillgoandturnitoff. IinLondonformanyyears，butIveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.（06重慶）重慶）A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived 1)Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)

30、去時(shí)。同時(shí)，割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2)Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as=when,while，意為意為當(dāng)當(dāng)之時(shí)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一

31、個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的句中的fell(fall的過(guò)去時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：形容詞，如：fallsick。1.Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.Tofindthestreetw

32、hereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.Ireallydo