英語(yǔ)文化—動(dòng)物習(xí)語(yǔ)

1、習(xí)語(yǔ)Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual constituents (component part ).In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. semantically inexplicable. 習(xí)語(yǔ)( idiom)是某一語(yǔ)言在使用過(guò)

2、程中形成的獨(dú)特的、固定的表達(dá)方式。習(xí)語(yǔ)包括比喻性詞組(metaphorical phrase)、俚語(yǔ)( slang)、俗語(yǔ)( colloquialism)、諺語(yǔ)( proverb)、典故( literary quotation)等, 是語(yǔ)言詞匯的重要組成部分. 英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)動(dòng)物意象比較 由于中西方文化存在差異，動(dòng)物所表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵不太一樣，在翻譯與動(dòng)物類有關(guān)的習(xí)語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(一)同一動(dòng)物有相同或相近的內(nèi)涵(二)同一內(nèi)涵不同動(dòng)物形象(三)同一動(dòng)物有著截然不同的內(nèi)涵英語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)as sly as a fox 如狡猾的狐貍as mild as a lamb 溫順如羊as black as a crow

3、 像烏鴉般黑as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一樣勞碌as proud as a peacock 極其驕傲(驕傲得像只孔雀)as elegant as a swan 如天鵝般的優(yōu)雅(一)同一動(dòng)物有相同或相近的內(nèi)涵 如,“fox ”狐貍, 狡猾 ; “sheep ”綿羊, 膽小溫順; “ pig ”豬,骯臟貪吃; “wolf ”狼, 兇殘好殺; “swan”天鵝, 優(yōu)雅美麗;“snake ”蛇,陰險(xiǎn)狠毒; “dove ”鴿子, 安靜平和;“monkey ”猴子, 頑皮淘氣等。 其反映在語(yǔ)言中表現(xiàn)為：(二)同一文化內(nèi)涵不同動(dòng)物形象如，漢語(yǔ)中的“虎威 ”在英語(yǔ)卻不用“tiger ”(虎),而用

4、“l(fā)ion ”(獅)來(lái)表示; “講大話” 英語(yǔ)中借助horse 這一形象, 而漢民族卻借助“?！边@一形象, 因此英語(yǔ)有短語(yǔ)“talk horse”,而漢語(yǔ)有短語(yǔ)“吹?！?其他如:英語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)a rat in a hole 甕中之鱉as bold as a lion 如虎般兇猛like a hen on a hot girdle 熱鍋上的螞蟻as strong as a horse 健壯如牛 漢語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)膽小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit對(duì)牛彈琴 to cast pearls before swine害群之馬 black sheep of the family如魚得水 like a

5、duck to water(三)同一動(dòng)物有著截然不同的內(nèi)涵 如，龍?jiān)跐h民族的文化中象征著皇權(quán), 吉祥 ,而在英美民族中 是邪惡的象征, 英語(yǔ)中把與上帝作對(duì)的惡魔撒旦( Satan)稱為the great dragon。 “狗” dog 一詞在英美文化中常作褒義詞, 是“Man s best friend.西方人對(duì)狗有極大的好感, 英語(yǔ)中有關(guān)狗的隱喻幾乎都是褒義的,而在漢語(yǔ)中,狗多為貶義詞。翻譯習(xí)語(yǔ)的策略（一）直譯(一)直譯在不違背譯文語(yǔ)言規(guī)范以及不引起錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想的條件下,在譯文中保留原習(xí)語(yǔ)的比喻形象和民族色彩。eg:1.When the fox preaches, then be aware o

6、f your geese. 狐貍說(shuō)教時(shí), 要當(dāng)心你的鵝。2.a wolf in sheeps clothing 披著羊皮的狼3.crocodiles tears 鱷魚的眼淚4.A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鳥(niǎo)在手勝過(guò)雙鳥(niǎo)在林。5.好馬不失蹄 Its a good horse that never stumbles.6.Agood horse often needs a good spur. 好馬常需好靴刺。7.黑馬 dark horse8.叫狼看守羊 set the wolf to keep the sheep9.一箭雙雕

7、 to kill two birds with one stone10.路遙知馬力, 事久見(jiàn)人心 A long road tests a horses strength and a long taskproves a mans heart.(二)意譯動(dòng)物習(xí)語(yǔ)以其喻義而有生命力, 因此抓住其喻義便是抓住了其文化內(nèi)涵。eg:1.swan song 最后的作品2.rain cats and dogs 下傾盆大雨3.Kings and bears often worry keepers. 伴君如伴虎4.A living dog is better than a dead lion. 好死不如賴活5.a

8、s poor as a church mouse 一貧如洗（二）意譯6.a snake in the grass 偽裝成朋友的陰險(xiǎn)人7.Every dog has its day 士別三日,刮目相看8.You cannot make a crab walk straight. 江山易移,本性難改9.pigs might fly 無(wú)稽之談, 奇跡可能會(huì)發(fā)生10.lead a dogs life 過(guò)著窮途潦倒的日子11.talk turkey 直率地說(shuō)12.have ants in ones pants 坐立不安13.make an ass of oneself 出洋相,干傻事14.like an

9、 ass between two bundles of hay 優(yōu)柔寡斷,猶猶豫豫15.to fish in the air 水中撈月16.put the cart before the horse 本末倒置17.非驢非馬 neither fish nor fowl18.望子成龍 to expect ones son to become an outstanding personage19.一人得道,雞犬升天 even the dog swaggers when itsmaster wins favor20.鷸蚌相爭(zhēng), 漁翁得利 Two dogs fight for a bone,and a

10、third runs away with it.21一朝被蛇咬, 十年怕井繩 A scalded dog thinks cold water hot.22.狗急跳墻 Even a worm will turn.22.塞翁失馬,焉知非福 a blessing in disguise23.亡羊補(bǔ)牢未為晚也 Never too late to mend.24.魚與熊掌, 不可得兼 You cannot eat your cake and have it.25.螳螂捕蟬,黃雀在后 The wolf has a winning gamewhen the shepherds quarrel.26.一言既出

11、,駟馬難追 A word spoken is past recalling.27.羊毛出在羊身上 Like tree, like fruit.28.不入虎穴,焉得虎子 Nothing brave, nothing have.29.老馬識(shí)途 The devil knows many things because he is old.30.人心不足蛇吞象 No man is content.31.雞鳴狗盜 small tricks(三)增譯 直譯兼意譯, 因?yàn)橐恍﹦?dòng)物習(xí)語(yǔ)直譯后雖不會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖突,卻會(huì)造成語(yǔ)用失誤。譯文可直譯其字面意思時(shí), 再點(diǎn)出隱含意思, 使譯文形象生動(dòng), 可收到畫龍點(diǎn)睛之效。eg:

12、1.Dont change horses in the middle of the river. 不要在河中間換馬-太危險(xiǎn)2.It was packed like sardines. 塞得像沙丁魚罐頭一樣,擁擠不堪。3.Teach the dog to bark. 教狗怎么叫,多此一舉。4.Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 鳥(niǎo)兒都喜歡聽(tīng)自己唱歌, 孤芳自賞。（三）增譯5.Beware of a silent dog and still water. 警惕無(wú)聲之狗會(huì)咬人,平靜之水會(huì)覆舟 6.Every bird likes its own nest. 人愛(ài)其家, 鳥(niǎo)愛(ài)其巢7.You can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 牽馬河邊易, 逼馬飲水難; 不要逼人做他不愿做的事。8.One sheep follows another. 一羊跟一羊, 盲從9.Carrion crows bewail the dead sheep and then eat