高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：語法填空講義學(xué)案（無答案）

1、專題十六 語法填空*考綱解讀：語法填空體現(xiàn)了新課改由語法知識到語法技能的教學(xué)觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變以及當(dāng)今高考英語改革的趨勢：突出語篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)在語篇中測試學(xué)生的英語語言知識和技能。該題型是把語法真正地放在了語境中考查，同時，借助多種考查方式，把對學(xué)生的要求由一知半解甚至生搬硬套，提高到自然、自發(fā)地運(yùn)用語法知識去表達(dá)的水平，而且要求學(xué)生必須掌握每一個語法項(xiàng)目的基本概念、用法等。*命題趨勢：語法填空屬于一種不設(shè)選項(xiàng)的完型填空題，完形填空注重詞義的選擇或詞的搭配，語法填空注重考查語言形式和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。也就是說語法填空題以語篇為載體，考查學(xué)生的語法和詞匯知識。其主要特點(diǎn)是：文章短小，語言緊湊：短文的長度一般在200詞

2、左右（包括空格），平均設(shè)空密度為15詞一空，基本不影響對語境的把握。與傳統(tǒng)的完形填空題不同，語法填空第一句話也可以挖空。設(shè)空多樣，覆蓋全面：語法填空題考查的是語境加語法，而語法又占據(jù)了關(guān)鍵性的地位。詞匯的考查涉及動詞、代詞、名詞、連詞、冠詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞等；語法項(xiàng)目則包括非謂語動詞、定語從句、狀語從句、并列句、形容詞和副詞的比較級、系表結(jié)構(gòu)等。體裁固定，話題熟悉：縱觀近幾年高考語法填空，都是以記敘文和說明文為主，所選材料側(cè)重有故事情節(jié)、行文邏輯強(qiáng)、用語合乎規(guī)范的短文，而且短文所敘述的內(nèi)容一般都不會讓考生感到陌生。夾敘夾議類文章是一種趨勢。* 語法填空黃金準(zhǔn)則：詞性、詞義、詞形一有提示詞：

3、1.提示詞是動詞：首先，確定設(shè)空處的詞的性質(zhì)，如果確定是動詞含義，緊接著判斷需要的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，思考方向：1）若句子沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但所填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞在句子中作謂語，就要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。2）若句中已有謂語動詞，且所給動詞也不是并列謂語時，要填的詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞，就要確定是doing,done 還是 to do. = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 作主語或賓語，通常用doing表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用to do 表示具體情況； = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 作目的狀語或在形容詞后作

4、狀語，一般用to do = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 作伴隨狀語，通常用分詞，若與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞（doing），若是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞（done）。提示詞是形容詞或副詞。 如果設(shè)空處提供的是形容詞或副詞，一是可能考查詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換；另一種情況是考查比較等級。3. 提示詞是名詞。 如果給出的提示詞是名詞，首先確定詞的性質(zhì)，是否根據(jù)需要轉(zhuǎn)換為其它詞性，如形容詞、副詞或動詞等；如不需要轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，可能是考查詞形變化，如變成名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格等。二無提示詞：純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、并列連詞、引導(dǎo)詞（引導(dǎo)從句的詞）、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和固定搭配等。1. Chi

5、na has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探測器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because

6、the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (

7、環(huán)形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain

8、information about how the moon 68 (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2. Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Y

9、ear is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in m

10、any parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them o

11、ften in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colore

12、d buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.3 In ancient China lived an artist. 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the empe

13、ror wanted to get his portrait(畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 63 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man tol

14、d him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the r

15、iver. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he

16、saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(謙卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.4，Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 1

17、9th centuries, 36 （wealth）people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38（form）the core collecti

18、on of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public 40（call）galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41 （be）on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As w

19、ell as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations（模擬）and imagine 42 （they） living at a different time in history or 43 （walk）through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the

20、old town. Historical 44 （accurate）is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 5 ，Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building,

21、and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_1_(attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_2_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will

22、 be their UK ambassador. The title will be _3_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _4_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _5_ I was the first Western TV reporter_6_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the

23、 wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _7_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _8_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches hi

24、m every few _9_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _10_ other is with mum-she never suspects.1._ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._2. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別)those of 1_(great)and less importance. The

25、n, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2_(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 _(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused_4_our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive_5_poss

26、ible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent_6_(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_8_while, exercisi

27、ng, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10_(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

28、1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._3. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.

29、Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might_2_(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal_3_(create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food

30、in large pots, _4_(use) twigs(樹枝) to remove it. Over time,_5_the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which_6_(gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar

31、 Confucius, 7lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_9_(be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10their han

32、ds.1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._4. It was raining lightly when I _1_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours _2_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _3_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream

33、place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5_(painting). Instead, I d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _6_car and offers all the scenery of the better-known cit

34、y.Yangshuo _7_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers _8_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it

35、_9_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _10_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._5. The adobe dwellings(土坯房）_1_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to th

36、eir simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _3_(able) to “air condition” a house without _4_（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_5_（slow）during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks

37、, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _6_(cool) the house during the hot day: _7_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outsid

38、e temperatures. As _9_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _10_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._6. Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？ In 1969, the pollution was terrible along

39、 the CuyahogaRiver near Cleveland, Ohio. It _1_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _2_(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _3_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few

40、 days _4_even a few months. It took years of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _6_ (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _7_is driving your family crazy.

41、Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _8_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _9_(change) are gradual and require

42、 a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _10_ (patience).1. _ 2. _3._4._ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._7. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _1_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _2_some of them looked very anxious and

43、_3_ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _4_the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _5_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refuse

44、d _6_ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _7_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ _8_ anyone lose

45、a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！It is _9_（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the passengers _10_（sudden）became friendly to one another.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7

46、. _8._9. _ 10._8. Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _1_ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready. After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our re

47、servation six months _2_(early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We _3_(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，_4_ for the week after.I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _6_ the reservation.Whats worse，the hot

48、el had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was _7_(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we werent charged extra. The next day，my brother and I went to the

49、 beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little _10_(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._9. One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he _1_ (find)that he h

50、ad run out of salt.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much _2_ too little.” His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much，F(xiàn)ather，but if I can pay less, _3_ not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very _4_(

51、reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.Nicks guests, _5_ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt _6_ a lower price would be because he was desper

52、ate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _7_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt _8_(possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only _9_ very small amount of unfai

53、rness in the world，but everyone added a little，always _10_(think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._10. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointme

54、nt_1_(late) that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me_2_ the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man_3_(sit) at the front.He _4_(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be_5_(mental) disabled.Behind him were

55、 other people to _6_ he was trying to talk，but after some minutes _7_ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _8_ his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the ma

56、n and introduced myself.We had _9_ amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made the choice.It made _10_ of us feel good.1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._ 9. _ 10._11 Research has become both simpler and more complex. Its simpler beca

57、use, _1_ you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you dont have to go to _2_ library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet _3_ print the copies needed.Remember, howev

58、er, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you _4_ always rely just on the Internet for your research.While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become _5_ complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be over

59、whelmed _6_ the amount of information. You need to learn _7_ to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, _8_need to check the accuracy of it.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._12. Sometimes we have disagreements with people.When this (1)h_，the important thing is

60、 to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument.Here (2)_ my tips for you. The (3)f_ thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important. Imagine you are a student and you share a flat (4)_ another student who you think isnt doing her share of the housewor