高二英語unit1語法課件新人教版必修5

1、This is a polluted river.The river is polluted.(過去分詞作表語）（過去分詞作定語）The village is flooded.It is a flooded village.Grammar一、過去分詞作 定語1、單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。 eg： a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票 an injured finger 一個受傷的手指 a lighted candle 一支點燃的蠟燭 注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。 e.g.：spoken English 英語口語 written exerci

2、ses 書面練習少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義fallen leaves 落葉 the risen sun 升起來的太陽the developed countries 發(fā)達國家 a retired teacher 一名退休教師2、過去分詞短語作后置定語，表示被動和或完成意義。 e.g.：I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular魯迅寫的書很受歡迎a broken heart an organized

3、 trip = a heart which is broken= a trip which is organized3.過去分詞作前置定語還是后置定語，都可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個對應(yīng)的定語從句。 the girl dressed in white =the girl who is dressed in white the book written by Luxun =the book which is written by Luxun 4、過去分詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時，要放

4、在這些詞的后面。He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him.Is there anything unsolved?He visited the bridge built last year.The bridge to be built next year will be very large.Have you noticed the bridge being built now?5. 動詞的過去分詞，不定式和動詞-ing的被動形式在句中都可做定語，表達被動的含義，但時間意義上不同

5、。二、過去分詞作表語1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。（be,get,feel,look,seem,remain,become） e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。 Some problems still remained unsolved.Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the pre

6、dicative.1. 丟了錢他自責不已。He _ about losing the money.2、你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?3.我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.got blamedlook so tiredwas disappointed with4.聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。 Everybody _to hear the deat

7、h of the famous film star5.要去動物園了，孩子們非常興奮。 The children _ going to the zoo6.他的傷口感染了一種新病毒. His wound _ a new viruswas shockedare really excited aboutbecame infected with（）作表語的過去分詞，被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時相當于一個形容詞。（）被動語態(tài)的過去分詞，動作意味很強，句子主語為動作的承受者，后常跟by短語。 2、過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別： The glass is broken. Our classr

8、oom is crowded The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞他們的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示主動的動作過去分詞: 表示已經(jīng)被動的動作2.時間上現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示正在進行的動作過去分詞: 表示完成的意思I heard someone opening the door .I heard the door opened . the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water the risin

9、g sun the risen sun 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語的特征、特性。 過去分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)。 The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.總結(jié)過去分詞和V-ing形式的區(qū)別: 表主動的，進行的， 表特征含有“令人”之意 表被動的，完成的， 表狀態(tài)含有“感到”之意 V-ing形式過去分詞amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying

10、, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等。英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：A. Nobody was in the story he told. B. The story he told was very . ( interested, interesting )2. A. Everybody was to hear the news. B. The news is very indeed. ( excited, exciting )3. A. The result of the test wa

11、s rather . B. He was very at the result of the test. ( disappointed, disappointing )4. A. What he said was very . B. I was very at the sight. ( amused, amusing )Fill in the blank with proper erestedinterestingexcitedexcitingdisappointingdisappointedamusingamused過去分詞作定語和表語的區(qū)別:定語 放在名詞和代詞的前面或后

12、面 表示動作已經(jīng)完成或被動的表語 放在be 動詞或系動詞的后面 說明主語的狀態(tài)或構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)Sum up Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party t

13、hat night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考鏈接A解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考鏈接D解析：答案D。know與words，express

14、ions，phrases構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾flowers。smell為系動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，相當于which/that smells sweet。2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kellys long-lost

15、 friend.= The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend.練習一 句型轉(zhuǎn)換A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat _ to the tree.tireddressed in red3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, _ _, was never rebuilt. burnt down in the s

16、ixteenth century4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son _ in the online games. lost5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year. = The project, _ _, was constructed in only 2 year. designed by the chinese engineers練

17、習二 單句改錯They were all amusing at what he said.He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won.The situation was a bit discouraged.Two pages in this dictionary are missed.Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ w

18、hen we are back from travels. A. interesting; tiredB. interested; tiringC. interesting; tiringD. interested; tired A練習三 單選2. Hearing the _ news, we all felt _. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouragedD3. From the dates _ on the gold

19、 coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedB4. The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before. surprising, wouldnt know surprised, hadnt known surprising, hadnt known surprised, shouldnt knowB5. The picture writing _

20、long long ago is hard for us to understand today. having been drawn B. being drawnC. was drawn D. drawnD6. The man _ there is my uncle. A. seat B. seating C. to seat D. seatedD7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be

21、 written C. written D. being writtenCPractice 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D.

22、 being settledBC3. Dont use words, expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. When I got back, I saw a message to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, readDC5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. calledA6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Af