高三英語一輪復習情態(tài)動詞教學課件

1、GrammarModal verbs 情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能單獨做謂語，它與其他動詞構(gòu)成謂語時，總是放在其他動詞之前。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動詞，如can、will也有一般式和過去式的變化。4）情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)”形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間和將來時間。2）除ought 和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built th

2、eatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer center?4) I though what he said could not be true.can在肯定句中表可能性時，表示理論上的可能性。Even expert can make mistakes.He can be very friendly at times.“有時候會”5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1.表能力3. 表示“請求” “允許”(表請求時，口語中常用 could

3、代替 can 使語氣更委婉，回答時用can)2. 表示推測，意為“可能”“或許”，用于疑問句或否定句1. can 與could4. 表示“許可”，可與may 換用。You can go home now.5. can 用于疑問句或否定句中時，表驚異、不相信等， 意思是“可能、能夠”。Can this news be true?How can you be so foolish?6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示對過去情況的否定推測Susan cant have written a report like this.7. could + have + done 表示

4、對過去能做而未做的事情 感到惋惜，遺憾Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.can, could 和be able to的用法She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine can make you feel comfortable.1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”can的主語是人或物,be able to的主語是人 Well be able to finish the work soon.I havent been able to see

5、the film.2.can只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。 beableto可以用于各種時態(tài)。 could用于表示泛指過去的能力。如： IcouldreadwhenIwasfour. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.She ran fast but she couldnt /wasnt able to catch the bus.3.表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。 HewasabletofleeE

6、uropebeforethewarbrokeout. Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired. 表示過去的能力注意can的慣用語1.cannot (help/choose) but do2.can but do3.cannot help doing4.cant help sb. doing sth.5.cant help sb. do sth.6.cant help (it)7.cannot too 不得不，只能只好，不得不忍不住不能讓某人不做某事不能幫忙做某事控制不住，沒有辦法越越好2. may 與might1. 表示“許可”或“請求”，有“可以”的意思

7、，口語中 常用 might 代 may ,表示委婉語氣。 否定回答時用“must not”表“禁止，阻止”， 不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示“可能不” 。Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not in her office now.can也可表示許可或請求，但語氣較強烈。2. 表示可能性。 意為“或許，可能” might 比 may 可能性小。Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They m

8、ay be in the library now.3. may/ might as well + 動詞原形 “還是的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.4. May you +動詞原形 表“希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你”Eg: May you succeed.3. will 與would 1. 表“請求、建議”等。常用在疑問句中, 第二人稱。 用 would 比用will 委婉，客氣些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2. 用于表示意志或意愿。will

9、指現(xiàn)在，而would 指過去。Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us. 用于否定句中，表示“不肯、不樂意”Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.3.表示習慣性動作。 譯作 “總是、慣于” will 指現(xiàn)在， would 指過去。Eg: 1) Fish will die without water. 2) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.4. 表示功能，譯作“能、

10、行”Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door wont open.4. should1. 用于表勸告、建議。 意為”應該、應當”。=ought toEg: You should keep your promise.2. 用于表達合理的推斷（ 意為 “應該”），或明顯的結(jié)果（意為“可能”）。所涉及的事情幾乎是事實。Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.3.表示驚訝，憂慮，惋惜等情緒，意為“竟會，竟然”Eg: I find it qui

11、te astonishing that he should be so rude to you.5. shall 與will1. shall 與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問句中時， 表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。 will 與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時， 表示請求。 would 更客氣。Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 3) Will you speak louder, please?2. shall的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人 的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。Eg: 1)You shall

12、get the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you come to my house, I will show you my new painting.用在法律，條約，規(guī)章，預言等文件中，無論主語人稱如何，一律用shall, 表示義務，規(guī)定。允諾警告命令6. must1. 表示義務或強烈的勸告，意為“必須”“應該”， 其否定式表示“不應該”“不許可” “不準”“禁止”。Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children m

13、ustnt speak like that to their parents.2. 回答 must 所在的一般疑問句時，否定回答用 “neednt” “dont have to”.Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have to./Yes, you must.3. 表推測，用于肯定句，意為“一定”“必然會”。Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden. Must you go

14、swimming in such a cold day?4. must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情dare 和 need半情態(tài)助動詞實 義 動 詞 肯定式He dares to escape.He needs to escape.否定式He darent escape.He neednt escape.He doesnt dare (to) escape.He doesnt need to escape.疑問式Dare he escape?Need he escape?Does he dare (to) escape?Does he need to escape?慣用語How dar

15、e you/he? 表達“憤怒，譴責”之意I dare say. 我以為，我想He is not here yet, but I dare say he will come later.小結(jié)：表能力表允許表推測表否定推測can / be able tocan / maymight/may/could/can/should/ought to/would/will/mustcant / may not情態(tài)動詞 + have done這是歷年高考熱點之一，可表示“推測、責備、懷疑”等多種意義。一、表示對過去事情的推測或估計1. must have done “想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The

16、 ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能/大概已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night注：在疑問句中 can/could 表示對過去情況的疑問性 推測，“可能已經(jīng)了嗎？”

17、 eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?二、表示對過去所發(fā)生事情的遺憾或責備1. should/ought to have done “過去本該做而沒做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “過去不該做的事卻做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words

18、 I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本來能夠做的事卻沒做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本沒有必要來（實際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事卻做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you neednt have left in suc

19、h a hurry.5. didnt need to do/ didnt have to do “ 沒有必要做，實際也沒做” eg: I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it.6. would rather have done “本想做卻未做成” eg: I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.1.-There were already five people in the car but they

20、 managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. mustnt have been C. shouldnt be D. couldnt have beenD2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toD4. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. must B. can C. may D. willC5. - Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. may D. mightC6. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. might B. should C. can D. willA7.-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a repor