課文聽(tīng)力文本Unit9AboutYourself

1、PAGE1 / NUMPAGES7Unit9AboutYourselfPartGettingReadyExerciseB.Keys：1.teeth,24,322.bones,153,2063.heart,98,7.4.nose(meaning:notinterferein)5.foot(meaning:causeembarrassmentbydoingorsayingsth.tactless)6.hand,hand(meaning:askforhelp)7.ears(meaning:listenwithcare)8.Head(meaning:completely)9.neck(meaning:

2、deeplyinvolvedin)10.heart,heart(meaning:withthedeepestdevotion)Tapescript:1.A:Doyouknowhowmanyteethyouvegot?B:Howmanyteeth?Ooh,ooh,24?More?(Yes)32?A:Yes.2.A:Doyouknowhowmanybonesthereareinyourbody?B:Howmanybones?Illtakeaguess.153.A:206.3.A:Howoftendoesyourheartbeat?B:98timesaminute.A:No,70timesaminu

3、te.4.Bob:Doyouknowwhatthebossthinksyoushoulddo,Billy?Billy:Justyoukeepyourgreatnoseoutofthis,Bob,willyou?(Meaning:notinterferein)5.Anne:StevenKent,Inever,neverwanttoseeyouinmylifeagain.Steven:Ohno.Mary:Youreallyhaveputyourfootinit,haventyou?(Meaning:causeembarrassmentbydoingorsayingsth.tactless)6.Ka

4、te:Dave!Canyougivemeahand,please?Dave:What?Kate:Isaidcanyougivemeahand.Dave:Allright,Imcoming.Noneedtoshout.(Meaning:askforhelp)7.Max:Arethereanyjobsgoinginyourcompanythen,foranintelligent,hard-workingyoungman;likemysonJulian?Frank:No,Ihaventheardofanyatallrecently.Max:Well,couldyoukeepyourearsopen,

5、justincase?(Meaning:listenwithcare)8.Carol:HaveyouheardaboutMaggiethen?Norma:Maggie?MaggieThatcher?Carol:No.MaggieBrown.Shesinloveagain.Norma:Ohnotagain.Whowiththistime?Carol:Withherboss.Headoverheelsinlovewithhim,sheis.(Meaning:completely)9.Nick:HaveyoueverlentanymoneytoMick?Jill:Mick?Huh!Iwouldntl

6、endhimanyifIwereyou.Nick:Whynot?Doesnthepayitback?Jill:No.Never.Hesuptohisneckindebts.(Meaning:deeplyinvolvedin)10.Liz:Shesaverygooddoctor.Neverlooksatherwatch.Nevercomplains.Nothingstoomuchtroubleforher.Pat:Iknow,yeah.Notmanylikeherabout.Shesallheart,really.Allheart.(Meaning:withthedeepestdevotion)

7、PartExerciseA.Keys:4352413441Tapescript:Ourbodyismadeupofthousandsofdifferentparts.Allthesepartsworktogethertokeepusaliveandtohelpusmovearound.Thepartsofthehumanbodyarelikethepartsofaverycomplicatedmachine.Likeanyothermachine,however,ifitisinexpertlycaredfor,over-taxedorinsufficientlyused,itwillbeco

8、merusty,sluggishorcloggedandpartsofitsmechanismmayevengrindtoahalt.Thatiswhyitissoimportanttokeepeverypartofthehumanmachinehealthyandproperlycared.Tokeepingoodrunningorder,thebodyrequirestherawmaterialsforgrowthandthereplacementoftissueswhennecessary.Ourbodiesbumfoodlikefueltoproducetheenergyweneed.

9、Thehumandigestivesystemisabitlikeaverylongtube,butitsalotmorecomplex.Itsseveralmeterslong,andmostofitiscarefullycoiledupinourabdomen.Ithasseveralimportantjobstodo.First,itmustdigestorbreakdownourfood.Digestionstartsthemomentfoodentersourmouth.Thenitcontinuesasthefoodissqueezedalongthegutbymusclesint

10、hewalloftheintestine.Asthefoodtravelsthroughthegut,naturalchemicalscalledenzymesareaddedtoit,whichhelpbreakdownthefood.Thenthisdigestedfoodandwatermustbeabsorbedfromthegutintoourbloodstreamsothatitcanbeusedbythebody.Finally,thegutmustcarryawayanywasteproductsintheformoffeces.Usuallyourintestinedoesa

11、llthesethingsveryefficiently.Butsometimesthingscangowrong.Probablythemostcommongutsymptomsarediarrheaandconstipation.Withdiarrhea,thefoodandwatertravelstooquicklythroughtheintestine,oftenmakingthefeceswatery,andmakingitnecessarytoopenthebowelsmorefrequently.Therearelotsofcausesofdiarrhea.Probablythe

12、commonestcausesofdiarrheaarecontaminatedfoodorwater,andinfectioncausedbyvirusesorparasites.Manycasesofdiarrheaclearupwithinafewdayswithoutanyspecialmedicines.Butthebodylosesalotoffluidthroughdiarrhea,sothereisaveryrealriskofthebodydryingoutorbecomingdehydrated.Becauseofthisriskofdehydration,thebestt

13、reatmentfordiarrheaissimplytomakesureyouaredinkingenough.Avoidingdehydrationinthiswaycanbealifesaver.ExerciseB.Keys:Causesofdiarrhea:foodpoisoning,themselves,thegut,getverynervous,stressedaboutsomethingdiarrheaTreatmentofdiarrhea:serious,clearup,oneortwodays,drinklotsoffluid,eattoomuch,saltandsugar,

14、speciallymixed,sugarandapinchofsaltTapescript:Therearelotsofdifferentcausesofdiarrhea.Um,thereareinfectionsthatcanhappen,andthisisfoodpoisoning,ifyoulike,whereinyourfoodyoueatsomesortofbacteriaororganisms,whichinfectyou.Somefoodscanjustirritatethegutandtendtogiveyoudiarrhea,althoughtheyarenotinfecte

15、d.Itsjustthefooditself(that)mightirritateyoursystem.Somepeople,iftheygetverynervousandstressedaboutsomething,findtheytendtogetdiarrhea.Somethingcalledtheirritablebowelsyndromewheresomethinggoeswrongwiththewaythegutworks.Andpeoplethatsufferfromthistendtoget,um,tummypains,andtheygetsometimesdiarrhea,s

16、ometimesconstipation.Allsortsofcauses.Mostattacksofdiarrhea,urn,particularlyinadults,arenotseriousandtheyclearupbythemselveswithinoneortwodays.Themostimportantthingistodrinklotsoffluid,becauseifyouhavegotdiarrhea,youreobviouslylosingalotoffluid.Andsoitsbetterreallynottoeattoomuch,nottoworryaboutthat

17、,butomakesureyoudrinkplentyoffluid.Andideally,thisshouldhavealittlebitofsaltandsugarin.Youcangetspecialdehydratingfluids,whicharespeciallymixed.Butifyouwanttomakeyourownbyaddingjustateaspoonfulofsugarandapinchofsalt,thenitsobviouslyperfectlyreasonabletodothat.PartImmunityExerciseB.Keys:1.Becausether

18、earesomethingswhichweenotnatrurallyimmuneto.2.Aversionofanillnessisgiventothebody,andthebodythinksthatitsactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Thenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.3.No.WecantproduceavaccineforAIDSfo,rinstance.4.TheHIVvirus,whichcausesAIDS,attacksthehumanimmunesystem.And

19、thevirusitselfcanchangeveryeasily.Itsverydifficulttofindavaccinewhichcanrecognizealltypes.ofHIVTapescript:Thehumanbodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections.Andtheonlyreasonwedontsufferfromconstantillnessisourbodieshavetheirowndefensemechanismtofightoffdisease.Thisresistancetoinfectio

20、niscalledimmunity.A:Howdoesimmunitywork?B:Well,theimmunesystemisthebodysownsecretarmy,whichfightsinfection.Anditconsistsofawholerangeoftroops,soldiers,theircellsandtheirmolecules.Nowtheheadquartersofthisarmyisreallytheblood.Thatswhereitdoesmostofitsfighting.Andsometimesitneedssomereserve,andthatcome

21、sfromthebonemarrow.Thatswheretheimmunecellsaremade.A:Sotherearemanydifferentkindsofcells,differentkindsofmoleculesintheimmunesystem.Iguessedtheonesthatwereprobablymorefamiliarwitharewhitebloodcells.B:Thatsright.Whitebloodcellsformamajorpartofthebodysdefense.Buttherearealsoantibodiesintheirlife,morep

22、roteins.Theyjustlashontotheinvaders.Thewhitecellscansometimesactuallygobbleupinvaders.Thecleverthingisthatoncetheinfectionhasattackedourbody,theimmunesystemseemstohaveamemoryoftheinvader,sothatthenexttimeitseestheinvaderitcanattackveryquickly.A:Therearesomethingswhichwerenotnaturallyimmunetoandthats

23、wherevaccinationcomesin,isntit?B:Exactly.Vaccinationplaysonthebodysabilitytorememberinfection.Sowhathappensisthatsomeoneisgivenaversionofanillness,forinstance,measlesorpolio,ortuberculosis,andthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Andthenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquic

24、kly.Allthetroopsofitsimmunesystemcancomeintoplay.A:Nowsometimestheimmunesystemdoesntworkverywell,doesit?B:No.Itsaremarkablycomplexsystem.Andsometimesitcangowrong.Eitheritcanbeoveractive,soitactuallystartstoattackourownbodyself,oritcanbeunderachievesometimes,andwearemorelikelytobeinfectedinthatsituat

25、ion.A:Arethereanyimportantillnesses,whichresultfromtheimmunesystemsothatitsturningonourbodiesthemselves?B:Thereare.Oneexamplewouldbeadiseaselikemultiple-sclerosis,wherethebodysownimmunesystemattackstheliningofnerves,whichmeansthatpeoplesnervesdontworkproperly.A:Wereabletoassistthebodyinitsfightagain

26、sttheillnessinmanycases,buttherearesomediseaseswhichwedontseemtobeabletoproduceavaccinefor.AIDSisoneofthem.Whynot?B:TheproblemisAIDS,whichiscausedbytheHIVvirus,attacksthehumanimmunesystem,whichmeansthatournormaldefensesarenttheretofightoffthatinfection.Theotherproblemwithtryingtoproduceavaccineagain

27、stHIVorAIDSisthatthevirus,HIV,canchangeitselfsoeasily.Thatsverydifficulttofindavaccine,whichcanrecognizeallthedifferenttypesofHIV.Soonevaccinemaybeeffectiveagainstonetypeofthevirusbutitmayabsolutelybenogoodforanothertype.ExerciseC.Keys:headquartersbloodGobblingupinvadersHavingamemoryofinvadersUndera

28、ctivemorelikelytobeinfectedtheimmunesystem:23vaccination:5HIV:146Tapescript:Presenter:Thehumanbodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections.Andtheonlyreasonwedontsufferfromconstantillnessisourbodieshavetheirowndefensemechanismtofightoffdisease.Thisresistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.An

29、dherewithmetodiscusshowitworksisGrimeEaston.Heisafamilydoctor,andamemberoftheScienceInIthereintheBBCWorldService.Grime,howdoesimmunitywork?Grime:Well,theimmunesystemisthebodysownsecretarmy,ifyoulike,whichfightsinfection.Anditconsistsofawholerangeoftroops,soldiers,theircellsandtheirmolecules.Um,nowth

30、eheadquartersofthisarmyisreallytheblood.Thatswhereitdoesmostofthefighting.Andsometimesitneedssomereserve,somebackup,andthatcomesfromthebonemarrow.Thatswheretheimmunecellsfactoriesare,Presenter:Sotherearemanydifferentkindsofcells,anddifferentkindsofmoleculestiedupintheimmunesystem.Iguessedtheonesthat

31、wereprobablymorefamiliarwitharewhitebloodcells.Grime:Thatsright.Whitebloodcellsformamajorpartofthebodysdefense.Buttherearealsoantibodiesintheirlife,moreproteins,whichjustlashontotheinvaders.Um,but,asyousay,thewhitecellscansometimesactuallygobbleupinvaders.Sothecleverthingisthatoncetheinfectionhasatt

32、ackedourbody,theimmunesystemseemstohaveamemoryoftheinvader,sothatthenexttimeitseestheinvaderitcanattackveryquickly.Theimmunesysteminthehumanbodyfightsinvadingdisease.Immunityoccursbecausetheimmunesystemcanrememberthechemicalmakeupofinvadinggermsandattackthemveryquickly.Presenter:Therearesomethingswh

33、ichwerenotnaturallyimmunetoandthatswherevaccinationcomesin,isntit?Grime:Exactly.Vaccinationplaysonthebodysabilitytorememberinfection.Sowhathappensisthatsomeoneisgivenaversionofanillness,forinstance,measlesorpolio,ortuberculosis,andthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Andthenex

34、ttimeitseesit,urn,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.Andallthetroopsofitsimmunesystemcancomeintoplay.Vaccinationcanbeusedtoprotectthebodyagainstspecificinfections.Presenter:Nowsometimestheimmunesystemdoesntworkverywell,doesit?Grime:No.Itsaremarkablycomplexsystem.Itsaverycomplicatedsystem.Andsometimesitcan

35、gowrong.Eitheritcanbeoveractive,soitactuallystartstoattackourownbodyself,oritcanbeunderactivesometimes,andwearemorelikelytobeinfectedinthatsituation.Presenter:Arethereanyimportantillnesses,whichresultfromtheimmunesystemsothatitsturningonourbodiesthemselves?Grime:Thereare.Andoneexamplewouldbeadisease

36、likemultiple-sclerosis,wherethebodysownimmunesystem,wethink,attackstheliningofnerves,whichmeansthatpeoplesnervesdontworkproperly.Presenter:Wereabletoassistthebodyinitsfightagainsttheillnessinmanycases,buttherearesomediseaseswhichwedontseemtobeabletoproduceavaccinefor.Um,AIDSisoneofthem.Whynot?Grime:

37、Well,theproblemisAIDS,whichiscausedbytheHIVvirus,isthatHIVitselfattacksthehumanimmunesystem,whichmeansthatournormaldefensesarenttheretofightoffthatinfection,orindeedmanyothersortsofinfection.TheotherproblemwithtryingtoproduceavaccineagainstHIVorAIDSisthatthevirus,HIV,canchangeitselfsoeasily.Urn,that

38、sverydifficulttofindavaccinewhichcanrecognizeallthedifferenttypesofHIV,whichthereare.Soonevaccinemaybeeffectiveagainstonetypeofthevirusbutitmayabsolutelybenogoodforanothertype.HIVisthevirusthatcausesAIDS.HIVdestroysthebodysimmunesystem,andputsthebodyatgreaterriskfromothercommoninfections.Presenter:I

39、wastalkingtoDr.GrimeEastonoftheScienceInItaboutimmunity.Thereasonwhyhe,I,andIhopeyou,areabletoremainashealthyasweare.PartTheCirculatorySystemKeys:parts,waste,body,needed,heart,defense,cells,invaderstwo,lungs,blood,back,arterieswalls,cell,heart,oxygen,blood,digestive,liver,heartPartHairKeys:Callersname:imaillieProblem:losinghairCallersdoctorsopinion:nothinghecandoabito;uhtereditarySolution:notalothecandoaboutit;trytoacceptAdvice:dontcombitover;donwearanyfatlsehairpiecethingsTapescript:Radiopresenter:Allright.Thankyouforthatcall,Rosemary.Wenowgo,Ithink,toGlasgowan