第四單元轉(zhuǎn)換法和順序調(diào)整法

1、第四單元 轉(zhuǎn)換法1Homework Checking運(yùn)用增詞法與減詞法技巧翻譯下列句子Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 她日復(fù)一日地做著同樣的家務(wù)：洗衣服，拖地板，做飯。 2. She is a complicated girl moody, sensitive and skeptical. 她是個(gè)性格復(fù)雜的人：喜怒無(wú)常，多愁善感，疑神疑鬼。 23. Im really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview.我今天上午的確

2、很忙，要上兩節(jié)課，開(kāi)一個(gè)會(huì)，還要接受一個(gè)采訪。4. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.從別人的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)更好。5. “Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man” “讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確?！保ㄅ喔?論讀書(shū)王佐良譯）36. As he began talking, words poured out. 他一開(kāi)講，就滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒(méi)完。7. But its the way

3、 I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. 不過(guò)我就是這個(gè)脾氣，雖然竭力想改，終究還是改不了8. Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 交出翻譯之前必須多讀幾遍，看看里面有沒(méi)有要修改的地方。49. Outside it was raining cats and dogs as sh

4、e shut the door. 她關(guān)門(mén)時(shí)外面正下著滂沱大雨。10. Your parents or your wife or your son or your best friends might be expecting you back home safe and sound. 也許你的父母，妻兒，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。5Teaching Contents1. MotivationSome linguists say “Every language has its peculiarities in negation.” And there is indeed an imp

5、ortant difference between Chinese and English in negation-negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking. Native speakers have their own way of thinking in the negative and expressing negative implication, quite different from ours. 62. Translation SkillsSome Idiomatic Expressions: Keep off the

6、 lawn! 請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地！ I couldnt agree more with you. 我完全同意你的看法。 I lay awake almost the whole night.原譯：我整晚醒著躺在那兒。改譯：我躺在那兒，幾乎一夜沒(méi)睡。/幾乎一夜沒(méi)合眼。7 He was the last man to say such things. 他絕不會(huì)說(shuō)這樣的話。 They are non-local laborers in Beijing. 他們是在北京打工的外地民工。 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我們要永遠(yuǎn)對(duì)生活

7、抱樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。 王先生這幾年一直是全勤。Mr. Wang has never missed a days work for years. I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task. 我的確認(rèn)為要完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是他力所不及的。 82.1 正說(shuō)反譯正說(shuō)反譯是指譯出（原）語(yǔ)正面說(shuō)或肯定說(shuō)而譯入語(yǔ)無(wú)法正譯通順，或者譯者想以反譯方法更能體現(xiàn)原意，即按譯入語(yǔ)習(xí)慣采用的相反的翻譯表述方法。例如：1. I will be here for good, this time. (正說(shuō)) 這次我再也不走了。（反譯）92. She got ex

8、tremely excited before she reached her home. （正說(shuō)） 她還沒(méi)到家就激動(dòng)得不得了了。（反譯）3. She was a total stranger to us. (正說(shuō))我們當(dāng)時(shí)根本就不認(rèn)識(shí)她。（反譯）4. Keep off the lawn! (正說(shuō))請(qǐng)勿踏草地。（反譯）5. He has refrained from making any comment on that issue. (正說(shuō))他就那個(gè)問(wèn)題并未發(fā)表任何評(píng)論。（反譯）10 構(gòu)成正說(shuō)反譯的要素體現(xiàn)在譯文中含有諸如：無(wú)、勿、別、沒(méi)、否、不、莫、非、未等表示否定的詞。 英語(yǔ)中，有一部分詞本

9、身就含有漢語(yǔ)的否定意義，或構(gòu)成帶有漢語(yǔ)否定意義的詞，但它們并不都表示否定意義，有些只是一種表達(dá)而已。這類詞有： 動(dòng)詞：miss, refrain (from), ignore, refuse, hate, fail, excuse, neglect, exclude, wander, 等等；11 形容詞：absent, short (of), continuous, ignorant, free from, strange, bad, regardless of ,ill,等等； 名詞： failure, absence, refusal, ignorance, little，等等； 介詞：

10、out of, without, except, until, before, beneath, 等等； 連詞：unless, before, until, rather than, 等等； 副詞：undoubtedly, continuously, absently, barely, rarely, never, hardly, seldom, little, 等等； 短語(yǔ)：but for, out of order, in no way, in the air, instead of, 等等。12練習(xí)：例1： Thats a thing that might happen to any m

11、an.原譯：這樣的事情可能發(fā)生在任何人身上。改譯：這種事情誰(shuí)也難免。例2; This book is a fool to that both in plot and execution. 這本書(shū)不論在情節(jié)上還是在寫(xiě)作技巧方面，都不及那一本。例3； He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 他七十五歲了，可是并不顯老。13例4： His speech leaves much to be desired. 他的講話很不如人意。例5: John was a fool for danger. 約翰是天不怕地不怕的。例6：When Stephen was

12、introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “Weve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.” 譯文：當(dāng)史蒂夫被介紹給這對(duì)老年夫婦的時(shí)候，他們只是淡淡地說(shuō)：”我們看過(guò)你的文章，沒(méi)想到你這么年輕?！?42.2 反說(shuō)正譯反說(shuō)正譯是指原語(yǔ)以表示否定意義或帶有否定意義的詞所表述的句子，通過(guò)反譯無(wú)法順暢表示原句意義，或譯者以另外一種方式表達(dá)原句意義，以正譯的方法表達(dá)原句意義的翻譯表述方法。例如：1.They are not difficult to tell apart. (反說(shuō)) 它

13、們很容易區(qū)分。（正譯）152. Isnt it funny! 真逗！3. I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word. 我總可以滔滔不絕，而皮特卻總可以字字珠璣。（這句話是英國(guó)18世紀(jì)大演說(shuō)家Charles James Fox所說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為對(duì)手William Pitt 比他更出色）4. 男兒有淚不輕彈，皆因未到傷心處。 Men only weep when deeply hurt.165. 他的暗示沒(méi)有引起我的注意。 His hint escaped my notice.6. Praise helps

14、 to rub off the sharp edges of daily contact. Nowhere is thus truer than in marriage. Yet it is perhaps in the home that the value of praise is less appreciated than elsewhere. 贊美之辭能夠化解日常交往中的種種摩擦。這一點(diǎn)在婚姻生活中表現(xiàn)得最為真切?？上У氖?，家庭也許恰恰是最不重視贊美的價(jià)值的地方。173. Some Traps in Negative Structures否定句在英語(yǔ)中比比皆是。否定句有多種形式：部分否

15、定、全部否定、雙重否定、意義否定等。同時(shí)，否定還有多種變化：如否定的各種轉(zhuǎn)移，形式否定但意義肯定等。否定句的翻譯常常有很多的陷阱，一不小心就會(huì)在翻譯上鬧笑話。181. notbecauseThe engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished 引擎并不是因?yàn)槿剂虾谋M而停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。In that city，we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)城市從未因?yàn)槭仟q太人而遭受歧視。This version is not placed first because it

16、is simple此方案并不因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)易而放在首位。192. cannottooYou cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校對(duì)時(shí)，越仔細(xì)越好。3. alleverynotAll that glitters is not gold 發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。Everything is not straightened out 并非每一個(gè)問(wèn)題都弄清楚了。4. bothnotBut you see，we both cannot go 但是我告訴你，我們倆不能同時(shí)都走。Both the instruments are not precision ones 這兩件東西

17、不都是精密儀器。205. for allHe seemed as fresh as ever，for all that I never saw him drink or eat 盡管我從未見(jiàn)到他喝點(diǎn)什么或吃點(diǎn)什么，他似乎仍然精神飽滿。 For all I knew, the files we were supposed to photograph were already on their way 說(shuō)不定那些該由我們?nèi)ヅ臄z的文件已在途中。 He may be dead for all I know. 說(shuō)不定他可能死了。It might have been tomato-soup for all we knew. 那可能是西紅柿湯，誰(shuí)管他呢。For all he knows, we might be in Boston. 他不知道我們可能在波士頓。He could be in Brazil now, for all I know. 他可能在巴西，誰(shuí)知道呢。216. It be + adj. + n. + that It