高中定語(yǔ)從句用法歸納PPT通用課件

1、 The Attributive Clause定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)的概念：（用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞）例： A beautiful girl an ugly dog The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk. 定語(yǔ)從句 （用一個(gè)句子來(lái)修飾名詞） 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)： 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的那個(gè)名詞叫做先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系詞的作用是

2、代替先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。 The girl who is sitting near the tree is Kate. The door which I knocked on was repaired. The building is our school. The building stands by the river.關(guān)系詞與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，關(guān)系詞的使用取決于先行詞，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，所以它在一般情況下都緊緊跟在先行詞之后。The building which/that stands by the river is our school

3、. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語(yǔ)從句which/that 是關(guān)系詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, 同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語(yǔ)。指出下列句子中的先行詞，關(guān)系詞，主句和從句 以及關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植⒎g下列句子。1. I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.2. The woman whom we saw on the street got the job.3. The place which he often visits is always full of artists.4. Youre the only person whose ad

4、vice he might listen to. 5. I still remember the days when we work together.6. I cant find the place where we met for the first time.7. Is that the reason why you dont like him?定語(yǔ)從句常用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（代替先行詞在句中作主、賓、定等成分）關(guān)系副詞：where，when, why（在句中作狀語(yǔ)） 關(guān)系代詞的 判 斷 步 驟 : 首先，要看先行詞。 如

5、果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞 可用 who, whom, that。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞 可用which, that; 不管先行詞指人還是指物，在定語(yǔ) 從句中是所有格的關(guān)系就用whose 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞 主格（不能省）賓格(可省略) 所有格 人 who, that（who/whom/ that） whose 物 which, that（which/that） whose, of which關(guān)系代詞 1.who指人,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who stea

6、ls things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如 介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.關(guān)系代詞 3.whose 是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen .I saw

7、 a woman whose bag was stolen.4.which 指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓 語(yǔ)可省略,如介詞提前則不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books? 關(guān)系副詞的 判 斷 步 驟 : 還是要先看先行詞。 如

8、果先行詞在從句中充當(dāng) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用 when或介詞+which ; 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 用where或介詞+which; 充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)用why或 介詞+which 。I still remember the days when we work together.I cant find the place where we met for the first time.Is that the reason why you dont like him?如何判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞I still remember the days when we work together.I still remembe

9、r the days which we spent together. I cant find the place where we met for the first time.I cant find the place which you went to last Sunday. Is that the reason why you dont like him?Is that the reason which you told to your mum?Join the two sentences into one, using attributive clause.1. I know th

10、e person. His company produces new machines.2. She is the engineer. Her work is considered to be the best here. 3. The girl is standing there. The girl is my elder sister.4. The house is near the tree. The house caught fire last night.I know the person whose company produces new machines. She is the

11、 engineer whose work is considered to be the best here. The girl is my elder sister.who is standing thereThe house caught fire last night. which is near the tree5. The woman works in a factory. You spoke to her just now.6. This is the house. I was born in the house.7. I will never forget the day. We

12、 played in the park on that day. 8. This is the reason. He didnt come to school for this reason. The woman works in a factory. whom/who you spoke to just nowThis is the housewhere/in which I was born. I will never forget the day when/on which we played in the park.This is the reason for which/ why h

13、e didnt come to school. 1. The picture _ you are looking at was drawn by a friend of mine.2. What is the word _ he wanted to look up?3. The writer _ works I admire most is Lu Xun.4. This Mr. Jackson, _ eldest son is a famous doctor.5. Professor Liu, _ I met a moment ago, is over70.6. The girl on the

14、 left, _ hair is red, is called Martha.7. Yesterday we went to visit the house the great writer used to live.8. He was born in the year the Second World War broke out.Fill in the blanks with suitable words:that/whichwhich/thatwhosewhosewhomwhosewhere/in which in which/when1. Is this the factory _ ma

15、kes color TV sets?2. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are made?3. Do you know the museum _ many famous paintings are on show?4. This is the museum _ opens from Monday to Friday.5. Ill never forget that moment _ the film star took a photo of me.6. I cant forget the days _ we spent together in the

16、small village many years ago.7. He always wants to go to his hometown and visit the place _ he grew up.8. Kunming is a city _ flowers are seen all the year round.9. The airport _ is 30 kilometers away is the only one in the city.which/thatwhere/in whichwhere/in whichwhich/thatwhen/at whichwhich/that

17、where/at whichWhere/in whichwhich/that以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that，不用which。1. 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)， 只能用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. He is the first man that greeted me in t

18、he school.3. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時(shí)，只能用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. You are the very person that I am looking for.4.先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)，只能用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5. 當(dāng)先行詞前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用th

19、at。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾詞起到限制、修飾的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充、附帶說(shuō)明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。e.g. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much. Ive got some personal affairs that I have to deal with.限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)或一類特定的人或事物，該種從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就沒(méi)有了意義，不能說(shuō)清楚問(wèn)題。eg: He is the man who wants t

20、o see you. 該從句為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，把定語(yǔ)從句去掉只剩下He is the man,沒(méi)有任何意義。后面的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾和限定前面的先行詞的，使其具有一定的意義，故不能去掉。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和修釋，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后主句仍然成立，仍然有意義。而且非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間有個(gè)明顯標(biāo)志：即用逗號(hào)將其隔開(kāi)。eg: Mr. Smith, who was my first English teacher, retired last week. 該句中的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句去掉之后不影響主句的意義成立，但有了它，可使主句的意義更加清晰明白。注意：非限制性

21、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能用that ( 切記！)以下情況，關(guān)系詞只能用which,不用that。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞時(shí)；一個(gè)句子中若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一 個(gè)用that引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)用which引導(dǎo)；He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.注意：當(dāng)those作為先行詞指人時(shí)，通常 只能用who引導(dǎo)；由as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 由as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，翻譯成“正如”。其先行詞是the same, such, 或被the same, such所修飾的

22、先行詞。Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.The result was not such as he expected.試比較：This is the same umbrella as I lost yesterday.This is the same umbrella that I lost yesterday.（同類）（同一個(gè)）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句首、句 中、句尾，而which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)不能放在句首,只能放在句中和句尾。1. As is known to all, Ta

23、iwan belong s to China.2. Taiwan belongs to China, which is known to all.3. The earth, as is known to all, is round. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用來(lái)指代主句 的全部?jī)?nèi)容，而which指代主句的全部?jī)?nèi)容或 部分內(nèi)容。1. I gave him a New Year Card, which he enjoyed very much.2. She was married again, which was not expected.as 和 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別介詞

24、+關(guān)系代詞的用法要遵循以下原則1. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected.2. 先行詞 e.g. Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.3. 句子表達(dá)的意思 e.g. The boss in whose department Mr. King worked got sacked.4. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，名詞/代詞+of+which/whom表示整體與部分的關(guān)系。e.g. The workers, some of wh

25、om stayed for four years, came from different countries. The old book, the cover of which was red, belongs to my uncle. He is the person whom I have to take care of. I love the music which Im listening to. 1.固定搭配的情況下不能把介詞提前，否則詞組失去意義。在定語(yǔ)從句中，在什么情況下介詞不可以提前到關(guān)系代詞前 ？I know the man with whom your father is

26、 talking. I know the man that your father is talking with.2.關(guān)系代詞That前面不能有介詞。(但是which/who/whom可以在前面加介詞) Exercises 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A. which B. as C. it D. who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B. that were C. which was D. where3. Who was the

27、 grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A. we saw him B. we saw C. we saw who D. whom was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACB/DDB6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for i