考研英語(yǔ)素材

1、考研英語(yǔ)備考干貨提供Part One攻克閱讀理解第一大題型 考研英語(yǔ)閱讀之細(xì)節(jié)題 一、樣題展示樣題1：In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater des

2、cended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her.insensitivity to fashionobsession with high fashionpoor bargaining skilllack of imagination樣題2：Advertisers are horrified.

3、Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their

4、 preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. Theyll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”Yours sincerely,Li Ming6）求職信Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in（報(bào)紙名稱）of（廣告發(fā)布時(shí)間）.Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also

5、have the rightpersonality for a（工作名稱）,n the one hand,（第一個(gè)原因工On the other hand,（另一個(gè)原因）.Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me； please feel free to contact me at any time at（ 號(hào)碼）Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking fo

6、rward to meeting you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming7）邀請(qǐng)信Dear,There will a（內(nèi)容）at/in（地點(diǎn)）on（時(shí)間.We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at（具體時(shí)間）, This will be followed by a（進(jìn)一步的安排）.At around（時(shí)間），（另一個(gè)安 排）I really hope you can make it. Please reply before（通知你的最后期限）Yours sincerely,Li

7、 MingPart Three考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題練習(xí)Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to ca

8、tch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, pr

9、ovides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation

10、Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil p

11、rices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is

12、now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step th

13、e TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass abackground check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focu

14、s on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock.： Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginnin

15、g, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreC

16、heck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to.stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwideexplain Americans tolerance of current security checkshighlight the necessity

17、 of upgrading major U.S airportsemphasis the importance of privacy protectionWhich of the following contributions to long waits at major airports?New restrictions on carry-on bags.The declining efficiency of the TSA.An increase in the number of travelers.Frequent unexpected secret checks.The word “e

18、xpedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to.quieterfasterwidercheaperOne problem with the PreCheck program is.A dramatic reduction of its scaleIts wrongly-directed implementationThe governments reluctance to back itAn unreasonable price for enrollmentWhich of the following would be the best

19、title for the text?Getting Stuck in Security LinesPreCheck-a Belated SolutionLess Screening for More SafetyUnderused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers/ wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Ha

20、waiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope TMT, a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano wors

21、hiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to o

22、btain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for th

23、e current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea/s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian c

24、ulture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires

25、 astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we

26、explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and envi

27、ronmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.Queen Liliuo

28、kalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates.its conservative view on the historical role of astronomythe importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian societythe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient timesher appreciation of star watchers feats in her timeMauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical

29、 site due to.its geographical featureits protective surroundingsits religious implicationsits existing infrastructureThe construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because.it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeit reminds them of a humiliating historytheir culture will lose a chanc

30、e of revival.they fear losing control of Mauna KeaIt can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiianshelps spread Hawaiian culture across the worldmay uncover the origin of Hawaiian culturewill eventually soften Hawaiians1 hostilityThe

31、authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of severe criticismpassive acceptanceslight hesitancyfull approvalText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile/ With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and

32、GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By

33、 most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A re

34、cent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into wellbeing sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than ju

35、st focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there h

36、as been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn/t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures inc

37、luding civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for meas

38、uring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomesall things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could le

39、ad to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he.praised

40、the UK for its GDPidentified GDP with happinessmisinterpreted the role of GDPhad a low opinion of GDPIt can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that.the UK is reluctant to remold its economic patternGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UKthe UK will contribute less to the world economypoli

41、cymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDPWhich of the following is true about the recent annual study?It is sponsored by 163 countries.It excludes GDP as an indicator.Its criteria are questionable.Its results are enlightening.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that.the UK is p

42、reparing for an economic boomhigh GDP foreshadows an economic declineit is essential to consider factors beyond GDPit requires caution to handle economic issuesWhich of the following is the best title for the text?High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK LessonGDP Figures, a Window on Global Economi

43、c HealthRobert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPBrexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the U.S Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, whic

44、h included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnelfs trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his official acts/1 or the former governors decisions on “specific and

45、 unsettled issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful and nasty, But

46、under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elec

47、ted leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery/ The basic compact underlying representative government/ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court/1 assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on t

48、heir concerns.But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provide

49、s a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of co

50、rruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government一is undermined. Good governance r

51、ests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.The underlined sentence (Para.l) most probably shows that the court.avoided defining the extent of McDonnelFs dutiesmade no compromise

52、 in convicting McDonnellwas contemptuous of McDonnelFs conductrefused to comment on McDonnelFs ethicsAccording to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves leaking secrets intentionallysizable gains in the form of giftsconcrete returns for gift-giversbreaking contracts of

53、ficiallyBob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultmay cut the number of junk adsfails to affect the ad industrywill not benefit consumersgoes against human nature二、定位詞的識(shí)別1 定位詞的含義考研英語(yǔ)閱讀的閱讀量和題量相對(duì)較大，考試時(shí)間非常緊迫，因此，能夠在閱讀中快速準(zhǔn)確的定位閱讀題目在原文中的位置就顯得尤為重要；此外，相對(duì)其它主要英語(yǔ)考試，考研英語(yǔ)閱讀的文章和題目具有順序性和結(jié)構(gòu)性兩大特點(diǎn)，這就 讓考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中的定位有

54、著尤為重要的地位。2 .定位詞的特點(diǎn)定位詞的特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)1被劃出的定位詞數(shù)量越少，越有助于快速定位；特點(diǎn)2定位詞的出現(xiàn)頻率一般較低；M 1定位詞一般為該題目（題干）中最特殊或最有指向性的特點(diǎn)3口tr 3 定位詞的分類定位詞的分類1.直接定位2.核心名詞例題The word about-face (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means.The author suggests that the two-step-flow theory3.核心動(dòng)詞 Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree thatThe courts

55、ruling is based on the assumption that public officials arejustified in addressing the needs of their constituentsqualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issuesallowed to focus on the concerns of their supportersexempt from conviction on the charge of favoritismWell-enforced laws in govern

56、ment transparency are needed toawaken the conscience of officialsguarantee fair play in official accessallow for certain kinds of lobbyinginspire hopes in average peopleThe authors attitude toward the courts ruling is.sarcastictolerantskepticalsupportive參考答案：Part A21-25: BCBDA26-30: BABAD31-35: DBDC

57、A36-40: CCABD4定位詞的應(yīng)用：快速定位每道題目在文章中的位置應(yīng)用一：此篇文章共5段，你能大概猜出每個(gè)題目在文中的大概位置嗎？ TOC o 1-5 h z Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring.We learn from Paragraph 2 that.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity mag

58、azines isWhich of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?題號(hào)題干定位詞段落Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a361child can bring.37We learn from Paragraph 2 that.238It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks.3According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by394celeb

59、rity magazines is.40 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?應(yīng)用二:此篇文章共7段，請(qǐng)劃出定位詞，并猜想每道題在文中的大概位置 TOC o 1-5 h z Three provisions of Arizonas plan were overturned because they.On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?It can be inferred from Paragr

60、aph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts.The White House claims that its power of enforcement.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?題號(hào)題干定位詞段落36Three provisions of Arizonas plan were overturned because they.1-337On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?438It