中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題名詞課件

1、中考專題復(fù)習(xí)（1）名詞Unit 6聽短文填寫表格（上冊(cè)p44 1c）New Years (1) _Lucy Shes going to learn to play the piano.She is going to (2) _.KimHes going to study hard and (3) _ every day.MikeHes going to make (4)_ .Hes going to (5) _ this summer.take piano lessonsdo his homeworkthe soccer teamgo to a soccer campresolutions普通

2、名詞專有名詞（人名、地名）名詞概念：表示其特定的名稱，如人名、地名、星期、月份等。e.g.邁克 中國(guó)星期三 十月一、專有名詞Mike ChinaWednesdayOctober注意：首寫字母要大寫一般情況下專有名詞前都不加冠詞由幾個(gè)普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前很多要加定冠詞。e.g. 美國(guó) the United States 長(zhǎng)江 the Yangtze River姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。記憶口訣：中日不變,英法變,其余后面s添.ChineseJapaneseFrenchmanFrenchwomanEnglishmanEng

3、lishwomanAmericanGerman各國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)：AmericansGermansChineseJapaneseFrenchmenFrenchwomenEnglishmenEnglishwomen二、普通名詞普通名詞通常指人、物、概念等的一般名稱。事實(shí)上，除了專有名詞外，其余的名詞都可以叫普通名詞。如：boy, pen, teacher, water, idea, cloudy, money等。有少數(shù)的普通名詞與專有名詞詞形相同，只是用作普通名詞時(shí)第一個(gè)字母用小寫，而用作專有名詞時(shí)第一個(gè)字母用大寫。He saw the best china in China. 他在中國(guó)見到了最好的瓷

4、器。可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1.規(guī)則變化 (1) 一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s” * dog dogs * book books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es” *box boxes *watch watches ch 發(fā) /k/ 時(shí)加s，如：stomach(s)(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es” /iz/ * country countries * factory factories 注意：如果是元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s” * boy boys holiday-holidays * monkey monkeys toy - toys

5、(4) 以f、fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,部分變f、fe 為v再加“es”妻子( )用小刀( )殺死了狼( )和賊( )，自己( )放在架子( )上，并用一半( )葉子( )蓋住。wifeknife wolf thiefselfshelfhalfleaf (5) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞,部分加“ es”英雄（ ）愛吃土豆( )黑人（ ）愛吃西紅柿（ ）heropotato Negrotomato 6. 名詞作定語時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)西紅柿面 tomato noodles 蘋果樹 apple trees男學(xué)生 boy students 女學(xué)生 girl studentsman和woman 作定語時(shí)，則兩個(gè)名詞同時(shí)變復(fù)

6、數(shù)e.g. 男教師 man teacher - men teachers 女教師 woman teacher - women teachers2.不規(guī)則變化 (1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheepsheep fish fishfish用法：不可數(shù)，魚肉可數(shù)魚的條數(shù)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形魚的種類，復(fù)數(shù)為fishes (2)變?cè)糇帜竜o為ee tooth teeth foot feet (3).變a為 e man men woman women policeman policemen (4).常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞 people clothes shoes trousers glasses scissors 這些名詞

7、作主語時(shí)，注意它們的謂語用復(fù)數(shù) My clothes are newer than yours. (5).其他特殊變化 mouse mice child - children不可數(shù)名詞情況方法例詞 具體的量數(shù)詞+表數(shù)量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞a piece of paper一張紙；three kilos of rice三公斤大米 大概的量表示量的限定詞+不可數(shù)名詞(用much, a little, a lot of等表示)some water 一些水； a lot of money 很多錢 名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞chicken小雞雞肉glass玻璃杯玻璃paper報(bào)紙、文件紙room房間空間t

8、ime次數(shù)、倍數(shù)時(shí)間wood樹林木頭、木材work作品工作 既可作可數(shù)也可作不可數(shù)： 1. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbit2. John bought _ for himself yesterday. He liked them very much. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe跟蹤訓(xùn)練： 3. The

9、re are two _ in his class. They are learning Chinese now. A. Japanese B. AmericanC. Australian D. German4. We should take our teachers _ and make full use of _ to study.A. advices; times B. advice; timeC. advice; times D. advices; time跟蹤訓(xùn)練：1.A good life style helps us stay in _ (健康).2. If you want t

10、o lose _ wet, youd better not eat too much _ mi:t.3. Eating too many _ dz:ts is bad for our _ (牙齒).health weight meat dessertsteeth s所有格類別構(gòu)成方法舉例有生命的單數(shù)名詞加smy sons pen 我兒子的鋼筆有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加Teachers Day 教師節(jié)不以s結(jié)尾加sChildrens Day 兒童節(jié) 名詞所有格表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家等的名詞單數(shù)加san hours walk一小時(shí)的路程復(fù)數(shù)加ten days holiday十天的假期表示幾個(gè)人共同擁

11、有在最后一個(gè)名詞后加sMike and Johns desk邁克和約翰的書桌表示每個(gè)人各自擁有在每個(gè)名詞后加sMikes and Johns desks邁克的和約翰的書桌 【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒】名詞所有格后跟表示住宅、學(xué)校、店鋪、診所等名詞時(shí)，這些表示住宅、學(xué)校、店鋪、診所等的名詞習(xí)慣上被省略。如：the Greens格林夫婦的家， at the doctors在診所里。of所有格（1）表示無生命事物的名詞一般用of所有格。如：滿月的形狀 好運(yùn)的象征 （2）of所有格有時(shí)也可以用于人或有生命的東西，表示所屬關(guān)系，特別是當(dāng)這些所有者有較長(zhǎng)的定語時(shí)。如：the name of the brave youn

12、g man這個(gè)勇敢的年輕人的名字in the shape of a full moona symbol of good luck雙重所有格 （1）of+名詞sa photo of my brothers我弟弟的一張照片（2）of+名詞性物主代詞。 a new friend of mine我的一個(gè)新朋友注意：雙重所有格和一般所有格意義不同。如：a photo of Marys照片屬于瑪麗，但照片上的人不一定是瑪麗；a photo of Mary照片上的人是瑪麗本人。跟蹤訓(xùn)練1. This _ chair is not stable, so it has to be repaired.A. thr

13、ee leg B. three-legC. three-legs D. three legs2. Where is Tom?-He has gone to the _.A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers3. Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks4. Its _from our school to my home.A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes walkC. t

14、en minute walk D. ten minutes walk名詞作主語時(shí)和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題易出錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, police, school等)做句子主語時(shí),如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式我們的家族很大。My family is very big.如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式我們一家人經(jīng)常一起去爬山。My family often climb mountains together.2、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語

15、用復(fù)數(shù)。院子里有只綿羊。There is a sheep in the yard.院子里有一些綿羊。 There are some sheep in the yard.3.maths, news, physics等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：這個(gè)消息令人興奮。The news is very exciting. 物理其實(shí)沒有我們認(rèn)為的那么難。In fact, physic is not as difficult as we think.4、主語中含有with的短語時(shí),謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。一名婦女帶著兩個(gè)孩子那時(shí)就站在路邊。A woman with two chi

16、ldren was standing at the side of the road at that time. 5.eitheror或者 neithernor連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí),謂語采用就近原則。要么是你對(duì),要么是他對(duì)。Either you or he is right. 她和我都不打算去那里。Neither she nor I am going there.6.表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間。Two months is not a short time.兩千千米是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段距離 。Two thousand kilometers is q

17、uite a long distance.( )1. -Do you know the _ of Senior High School Entrance Examination（中考）? -Yes. Its from June 17 to June 19.way B. date C. place D. name( )2. -Should the government develop the economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)）or protect the environment first? -Well, its really _.old habits die hard a piece of cakeC.

18、no place like homeD. between a rock and a hard place舊習(xí)難改小菜一碟在家千日好，出門一時(shí)難兩難的抉擇3. We can do the work better with _ money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few 4. These are _ sweaters.Lucy and Lilys B. Lucys and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucy and Lily5. Im afraid there is no_ for you in my car.A. place B. room C. floor D. position我們正在阻止人口數(shù)量的增