全新版大學英語綜合教程第一冊教（學）案Unit1

1、WORD7/7UnitOneGrowingupText A Writing for MyselfLanguagestudy1.offandon:adv.Inanintermittentmanner:sleptoffandonlastnight.2.takehold:tostarttohaveaneffectThefeverwasbeginningtotakehold.3.associate:Toconnectorjointogether;combine;ToconnectinthemindorimaginationassociateonethingwithanotherWeassociateC

2、hinawiththeGreetWall.Whatdoyouassociatewithsuchaheavysnow?4.turnout:a.toshutoff:turnedoutthelights.b.toarriveorassemble,asforapubliceventorentertainment:Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.c.Toproduce,asbyamanufacturingprocess;make:anassemblylineturningoutcars.d.Tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortri

3、al:Therookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.e.Toendup;result:Thecaketurnedoutbeautifully.f.Toequip;outfit:troopsthatwereturnedoutbeautifully.g.InformalTogetoutofbed.h.Toevict;expel:Thetenantswereturnedout.5.agony:Thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain.Hislastagonywasover.他臨死的掙扎已經(jīng)過去了。Hewasinan

4、agonyofremorse.他處于極端悔恨之中beinagony苦惱不安deathagony(=agonyofdeath)臨死時的痛苦,垂死的掙扎inagonyofpain在痛苦的掙扎中inanagonyof處在極端.狀態(tài)中6.assign:a.Tosetapartforaparticularpurpose;designate.分派為某一特定目的分開；指派b.Toselectforadutyoroffice;appoint.選派為某項任務或工作選派；委派c.Togiveoutasatask;allot.作為任務分出；分配d.Toascribe;attribute.歸于；歸屬beassigne

5、dtoanewpost被派到新的工作崗位assignadayforameeting確定開會日期assignpropertytoanother把財產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給別人assignonesfailuretoidleness將失敗歸因于懶惰assignhomework留家庭作業(yè)7.anticipate:Toactinadvancesoastoprevent;forestall.Toforeseeandfulfillinadvance.WeanticipategreatpleasurefromourvisittoLondon.Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.Weanticipa

6、tedourcompetitorsbygettingourproductsontothemarketfirst.ardentlyanticipate殷切地期望confidentlyanticipate滿懷信心地期望anticipatesbsarrivalwithmuchpleasure萬分高興地期待某人的到來。Amanwhoalwaysanticipateshisincomecanneversaveorbecomerich.總是預支工資,寅吃卯糧的人,永遠不能儲蓄或成為富人。Hetriedtoanticipateallmyneeds.他設法將我需要的東西預先準備好。expect,anticip

7、ate,hope,awaitTheseverbsarerelatedinvariouswaystotheideaoflookingaheadtosomethinginthefuture.Toexpectistolookforwardtothelikelyoccurrenceorappearanceofsomeoneorsomething: You canexpectusforlunch.你可以等我們一起吃午飯。“WeshouldnotexpectsomethingfornothingbutwealldoandcallitHope”(EdgarW.Howe).“我們不應期待收獲而不付出-相反我們

8、應去做并稱之為希望”（埃德加何奧）。Anticipateissometimesusedasasynonymofexpect,butusuallyitinvolvesmorethan expectation.Sometimesitreferstotakingadvanceaction,astoforestallorpreventtheoccurrenceofsomethingexpectedortomeetawishorrequestbeforeitisarticulated:Anticipate有時被用作expect的同義詞，但通常它不僅僅是期望這個意思，有時它指提前采取行動，來阻止預料中某事

9、的發(fā)生或在一項要求或愿望說出之前使它得到滿足：anticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates;預見會有襲擊并鎖上門；anticipatingherdesires.預先滿足她的愿望。Thetermcanalsorefertohavingaforetasteofsomethingexpectedbeforeitsoccurrence:這個詞也指在預料中某物的出現(xiàn)前就已擁有：anticipatetrouble.過早陷入麻煩。Tohopeistolookforwardwithdesireandusuallywithameasureofconfidenceinthelikel

10、ihood ofgainingwhatisdesired:Hope意思是熱切期望并對獲得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望不久就見到你。Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst.做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。Toawaitistowaitinexpectationof;itimpliescertainty:Await意思是滿懷期望的等待；暗含肯定性：eagerlyawaitingyourletter.熱切等待你的來信。8.tedious:Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullnes

11、s;boring.atediousstory冗長乏味的故事tediouswork乏味的工作boring,monotonous,tedious,irksome,tiresome,humdrum.Theseadjectivesrefertowhatissolackingininterestastocausementalweariness.Boringimpliesfeelingsoflistlessnessanddiscontent:Ihadexpectedthebooktobeboring,butonthecontraryitwasfascinating.Whatismonotonousbore

12、sbecauseoflackofvariety:表示monotonous的東西令人厭煩是因為缺少變化.“Thereisnothingsodesperatelymonotonousasthesea”(JamesRussellLowell).“沒有東西更象大海一樣單調(diào)到讓人絕望了”（詹姆士羅素洛威爾）。Tedioussuggestsdullslownessorlong-windedness:tedious說明令人乏味的緩慢或漫長的曲折Whenwetravelfromcoasttocoast,wetakeaplanetoavoidspendingtediousdaysonthetrain.當從一個海

13、濱旅行到另一個海濱時，我們乘坐飛機以避免在火車上打發(fā)無聊時光。Irksomedescribeswhatisdemandingoftimeandeffortandyetisdullandoftenunrewarding:Irksome指需要時間和努力，然而是單調(diào)而且通常是沒有回報的：“Iknowandfeelwhatanirksometaskthewritingoflonglettersis”(EdmundBurke).“我知道也感到寫長信是一件多么令人煩惱的任務”（埃德蒙布克）。Somethingtiresomefatiguesbecauseitseemstobeinterminableort

14、obemarkedby unremitting sameness:tiresome的東西令人厭倦是因為它看起來無窮無盡或毫無變化：“Whatatiresomebeingisamanwhoisfondoftalking?”(BenjaminJowett).“夸夸其談的人多么令人討厭”（本杰明喬維特）。Humdrumreferstowhatiscommonplace,trivial,orunexcitinglyroutine:Humdrum指腐、瑣碎和無趣平凡的東西：Sheledahumdrumexistenceallworkandnoplay.她過著相當單調(diào)的生活只有工作，沒有玩樂。9.repu

15、tation:Thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic;The state or situation of being heldinhighesteem.;Aspecificcharacteristicortraitascribedtoapersonorthingamanofnoreputation默默無聞的人;沒有聲望的人apersonofreputation有信譽的人,體面的人buildupareputation博得名聲ablotsmirch,stainononesreputation名譽上的污點haveagoodbadrepu

16、tation名譽好壞haveareputationforsth.(=havethereputationof)因.而著名,以.聞名liveuptoonesreputation不負盛名;名副其實loseruinonesreputation名譽掃地makeanevilreputationforoneself弄得聲名狼藉ofgreatgood,highreputation很有聲望的,享有盛名的ofnoreputation聲名狼藉的ofreputation有名望的10.inspire:Tofillwithenliveningorexaltingemotion:inspireanewthoughtinto

17、sb.將新思想灌輸給某人inspiresb.withcourage鼓起某人的勇氣inspiresth.insb.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情;激發(fā)某人的某種感情inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情;激發(fā)某人的某種感情osb.把某種思想灌輸給某人11.formal:stifflyceremoniousaformalmanner;aformalgreeting;aformalbowtothemonarch.12.rigid:notflexibleorpliant;stiff.rigidinonesviews意志堅定rigiddiscipline嚴格的訓練rigi

18、dadherencetorules嚴守規(guī)則13.outofdate:nolongeruseful,correctorfashionableoutofdatetheoriesoneducationTheinformationinlastyearstouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.14.severe:veryserious;graveorgrievous:severementalillness.Severe,sternandstrict:Theseadjectivesmeanunsparingandexactingwithrespecttodisciplineorcon

19、trol.Severeimpliesadherencetorigorousstandardsorhighprinciples;the term oftensuggeststheimpositionofharshconditions:“Praiseorblamehasbutamomentaryeffectonthemanwhoseloveofbeautyintheabstractmakeshimaseverecriticonhisownworks”(JohnKeats).“贊揚或指責對這個人只有瞬間效應，對抽象美的熱愛使他對自己的作品嚴加批判（約翰凱茲）。Sternsuggestsunyield

20、ingdisposition,uncompromisingresolution,orforbidding appearance or nature:Stern指強硬的處理、不妥協(xié)的決定或冷峻的外表或氣質(zhì)：“thoughtherhusbandamanfatallysternandimplacable”(GeorgeMeredith).“認為她丈夫是一個極端嚴厲而且毫不容情的人”（喬治馬里蒂斯）。Strictmeansrequiringorshowingstringentobservanceofobligations,rules,orstandards:“有計劃地克制“做”某事，沒有別的理由只因你

21、最好別做它”（威廉杰姆森）。Strict指要求或顯示嚴格遵守義務、規(guī)則或標準：“Hecouldnotbeseverenorevenpassablystrict”(W.H.Hudson).“他根本不能做到嚴厲，甚至連稍稍嚴格一點都做不到”(W.H.N哈德森)ic:characteristicoforhavingtodowithcomedy.Oforrelatingtocomicstrips.Amusing;humorous:icopera喜歌劇comicrelief(悲劇中穿插的以寬松觀眾情緒的)喜劇性鏡頭comicbook美連環(huán)圖畫雜志comicpaper報紙的連環(huán)圖畫版comicstrip連

22、環(huán)圖畫tragic(來自希臘語tragikos).adj悲劇的；悲慘的；不幸的atragicaccident不幸的事故16.antique:Anobjecthavingspecialvaluebecauseofitsage,especiallyadomesticitemorpieceoffurnitureorhandicraftesteemedforitsartistry,beauty,orperiodoforigin.Theantiqueisafake.那古董是一件贗品。anantiquedealer古董商17.tackle:trytodealwith;Totakeonandwrestlew

23、ith(anopponentoraproblem,forexample).Everyonehashisproblemtotackle.Thepolicemantackledthethief.tacklesb.abouton,oversth.18.distribute:todeliverorpassoutdistributebooksamongthestudentsbedistributedintothreeclassesdistributeseedsoverafielddistribute.over.配給到分配到,散布于.distributesth.to把某物分配,發(fā)給.distributes

24、th.among把某物分配,發(fā)給.distribute,dispense,divide,allocate都含“分配”的意思。distribute指“將某物分成一定的部分或數(shù)量，通常各份的數(shù)量不一定相等，然后分給某些人或地方”，如：distributeleaflets分發(fā)傳單。Inthe19thcenturythegovernmentdistributedlandtosettlerswillingtocultivateit.Divideimpliesgivingoutportions,oftenequal,onthebasisofaplanorpurpose. 在19世紀，政府將土地分發(fā)給愿意耕

25、種的定居者。dispensestressesthecarefuldeterminationofportions,oftenaccordingtomeasurementor weight:Dispense強調(diào)根據(jù)測理或稱重對所分的份額，認真作出決定：dispensingmedication配藥；Dispense指“分配給一群人中每個人應得的份,如：Theydispensednewclothestothechildrenintheorphanage.divide指“把整體分為若干部分”Divide表示根據(jù)計劃或目的進行按份額分發(fā)，常是平等的：如:Theestatewillbedividedamon

26、gtheheirs.divideitintotwoallocate指“分配一定數(shù)量的財物或任務給某些人、單位或事業(yè)等”，如:Weveallocatedasumofmoneytoeducation.我們已經(jīng)撥出了一筆教育經(jīng)費。18.faceupto:toacceptanddealwithanunpleasantfactorproblem大膽面向：Shemustfaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必須正視她已不再年輕這一事實。Theyllneverofferyouanotherjob;youmightaswellfaceuptoit.19.sequence

27、:Afollowingofonethingafteranother;succession.asequenceofbumperharvests連續(xù)的大豐收inhistoricalalphabeticalsequence按歷史字母順序thesequenceoftenses語時態(tài)的呼應20.argument:Adiscussioninwhichdisagreementisexpressed;adebate.Aquarrel;adispute.Itisbeyondargumentthat是無可爭辯的,不容爭辯的是.Argument,dispute,controversyThesenounsdenote

28、discussioninvolvingconflictingpointsofview.Argumentstressestheadvancementbyeachsideoffactsandreasonsbuttressingitscontentionandintendedtopersuadetheotherside:Emotionsareseldomswayedbyargument.情緒很少受論證的影響。Disputestressesdivisionofopinionbyitsimplicationofcontradictorypointsofview and often impliesanim

29、osity:Dispute強調(diào)由于涉與相互矛盾的觀點而導致意見上的分歧，常常暗含敵意：Adisputearoseamongunionmembersaboutthetermsofthenewcontract.工會會員們在新合同的條款方面產(chǎn)生爭執(zhí)。Controversyisespeciallyapplicabletomajordifferencesofopinioninvolvinglargegroupsofpeopleratherthanindividuals:Controversy尤其用來指大批人，而非個別人在觀點上存在的分歧：Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjecto

30、fwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一個會引起廣泛爭議的問題。21.recapture:bringbackintothemind;experienceagain.recaptureapositionfromtheenemy從敵人手中奪回陣地recapturethepast回憶過去;使過去再現(xiàn)22.violate:actagainstviolatealawviolatesleepviolatesb.sprivacyThesoldiersviolatedthechurchbyusingitasastable.士兵們把教堂當馬廄用而褻瀆了它。Thesoundofgunsviol

31、atedtheusualcalmofSundaymorning.炮聲破壞了平常星期日早晨的寧靜。pose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.);Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constitute or form:anexhibitcomposedofFrenchpaintings;pose,consistof,comprise,constitute這組動詞的一般含義為“組成”或“構成”。compose在表示“由材料構成”時，見于被動語態(tài)；在用于主動語態(tài)時，一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是復數(shù)名詞或者是集體名詞。Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。Merefacts,badlystated,donotcomposeagoodbook.consistof的含義與被動語態(tài)的compose一樣Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,prise在表示“構成”時，其涵是“包