全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第一冊(cè)教（學(xué)）案Unit1

1、WORD7/7UnitOneGrowingupText A Writing for MyselfLanguagestudy1.offandon:adv.Inanintermittentmanner:sleptoffandonlastnight.2.takehold:tostarttohaveaneffectThefeverwasbeginningtotakehold.3.associate:Toconnectorjointogether;combine;ToconnectinthemindorimaginationassociateonethingwithanotherWeassociateC

2、hinawiththeGreetWall.Whatdoyouassociatewithsuchaheavysnow?4.turnout:a.toshutoff:turnedoutthelights.b.toarriveorassemble,asforapubliceventorentertainment:Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.c.Toproduce,asbyamanufacturingprocess;make:anassemblylineturningoutcars.d.Tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortri

3、al:Therookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.e.Toendup;result:Thecaketurnedoutbeautifully.f.Toequip;outfit:troopsthatwereturnedoutbeautifully.g.InformalTogetoutofbed.h.Toevict;expel:Thetenantswereturnedout.5.agony:Thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain.Hislastagonywasover.他臨死的掙扎已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。Hewasinan

4、agonyofremorse.他處于極端悔恨之中beinagony苦惱不安deathagony(=agonyofdeath)臨死時(shí)的痛苦,垂死的掙扎inagonyofpain在痛苦的掙扎中inanagonyof處在極端.狀態(tài)中6.assign:a.Tosetapartforaparticularpurpose;designate.分派為某一特定目的分開(kāi)；指派b.Toselectforadutyoroffice;appoint.選派為某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或工作選派；委派c.Togiveoutasatask;allot.作為任務(wù)分出；分配d.Toascribe;attribute.歸于；歸屬beassigne

5、dtoanewpost被派到新的工作崗位assignadayforameeting確定開(kāi)會(huì)日期assignpropertytoanother把財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給別人assignonesfailuretoidleness將失敗歸因于懶惰assignhomework留家庭作業(yè)7.anticipate:Toactinadvancesoastoprevent;forestall.Toforeseeandfulfillinadvance.WeanticipategreatpleasurefromourvisittoLondon.Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.Weanticipa

6、tedourcompetitorsbygettingourproductsontothemarketfirst.ardentlyanticipate殷切地期望confidentlyanticipate滿(mǎn)懷信心地期望anticipatesbsarrivalwithmuchpleasure萬(wàn)分高興地期待某人的到來(lái)。Amanwhoalwaysanticipateshisincomecanneversaveorbecomerich.總是預(yù)支工資,寅吃卯糧的人,永遠(yuǎn)不能儲(chǔ)蓄或成為富人。Hetriedtoanticipateallmyneeds.他設(shè)法將我需要的東西預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好。expect,anticip

7、ate,hope,awaitTheseverbsarerelatedinvariouswaystotheideaoflookingaheadtosomethinginthefuture.Toexpectistolookforwardtothelikelyoccurrenceorappearanceofsomeoneorsomething: You canexpectusforlunch.你可以等我們一起吃午飯。“WeshouldnotexpectsomethingfornothingbutwealldoandcallitHope”(EdgarW.Howe).“我們不應(yīng)期待收獲而不付出-相反我們

8、應(yīng)去做并稱(chēng)之為希望”（埃德加何奧）。Anticipateissometimesusedasasynonymofexpect,butusuallyitinvolvesmorethan expectation.Sometimesitreferstotakingadvanceaction,astoforestallorpreventtheoccurrenceofsomethingexpectedortomeetawishorrequestbeforeitisarticulated:Anticipate有時(shí)被用作expect的同義詞，但通常它不僅僅是期望這個(gè)意思，有時(shí)它指提前采取行動(dòng)，來(lái)阻止預(yù)料中某事

9、的發(fā)生或在一項(xiàng)要求或愿望說(shuō)出之前使它得到滿(mǎn)足：anticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates;預(yù)見(jiàn)會(huì)有襲擊并鎖上門(mén)；anticipatingherdesires.預(yù)先滿(mǎn)足她的愿望。Thetermcanalsorefertohavingaforetasteofsomethingexpectedbeforeitsoccurrence:這個(gè)詞也指在預(yù)料中某物的出現(xiàn)前就已擁有：anticipatetrouble.過(guò)早陷入麻煩。Tohopeistolookforwardwithdesireandusuallywithameasureofconfidenceinthelikel

10、ihood ofgainingwhatisdesired:Hope意思是熱切期望并對(duì)獲得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望不久就見(jiàn)到你。Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst.做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。Toawaitistowaitinexpectationof;itimpliescertainty:Await意思是滿(mǎn)懷期望的等待；暗含肯定性：eagerlyawaitingyourletter.熱切等待你的來(lái)信。8.tedious:Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullnes

11、s;boring.atediousstory冗長(zhǎng)乏味的故事tediouswork乏味的工作boring,monotonous,tedious,irksome,tiresome,humdrum.Theseadjectivesrefertowhatissolackingininterestastocausementalweariness.Boringimpliesfeelingsoflistlessnessanddiscontent:Ihadexpectedthebooktobeboring,butonthecontraryitwasfascinating.Whatismonotonousbore

12、sbecauseoflackofvariety:表示monotonous的東西令人厭煩是因?yàn)槿鄙僮兓?“Thereisnothingsodesperatelymonotonousasthesea”(JamesRussellLowell).“沒(méi)有東西更象大海一樣單調(diào)到讓人絕望了”（詹姆士羅素洛威爾）。Tedioussuggestsdullslownessorlong-windedness:tedious說(shuō)明令人乏味的緩慢或漫長(zhǎng)的曲折Whenwetravelfromcoasttocoast,wetakeaplanetoavoidspendingtediousdaysonthetrain.當(dāng)從一個(gè)海

13、濱旅行到另一個(gè)海濱時(shí)，我們乘坐飛機(jī)以避免在火車(chē)上打發(fā)無(wú)聊時(shí)光。Irksomedescribeswhatisdemandingoftimeandeffortandyetisdullandoftenunrewarding:Irksome指需要時(shí)間和努力，然而是單調(diào)而且通常是沒(méi)有回報(bào)的：“Iknowandfeelwhatanirksometaskthewritingoflonglettersis”(EdmundBurke).“我知道也感到寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)信是一件多么令人煩惱的任務(wù)”（埃德蒙布克）。Somethingtiresomefatiguesbecauseitseemstobeinterminableort

14、obemarkedby unremitting sameness:tiresome的東西令人厭倦是因?yàn)樗雌饋?lái)無(wú)窮無(wú)盡或毫無(wú)變化：“Whatatiresomebeingisamanwhoisfondoftalking?”(BenjaminJowett).“夸夸其談的人多么令人討厭”（本杰明喬維特）。Humdrumreferstowhatiscommonplace,trivial,orunexcitinglyroutine:Humdrum指腐、瑣碎和無(wú)趣平凡的東西：Sheledahumdrumexistenceallworkandnoplay.她過(guò)著相當(dāng)單調(diào)的生活只有工作，沒(méi)有玩樂(lè)。9.repu

15、tation:Thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic;The state or situation of being heldinhighesteem.;Aspecificcharacteristicortraitascribedtoapersonorthingamanofnoreputation默默無(wú)聞的人;沒(méi)有聲望的人apersonofreputation有信譽(yù)的人,體面的人buildupareputation博得名聲ablotsmirch,stainononesreputation名譽(yù)上的污點(diǎn)haveagoodbadrepu

16、tation名譽(yù)好壞haveareputationforsth.(=havethereputationof)因.而著名,以.聞名liveuptoonesreputation不負(fù)盛名;名副其實(shí)loseruinonesreputation名譽(yù)掃地makeanevilreputationforoneself弄得聲名狼藉ofgreatgood,highreputation很有聲望的,享有盛名的ofnoreputation聲名狼藉的ofreputation有名望的10.inspire:Tofillwithenliveningorexaltingemotion:inspireanewthoughtinto

17、sb.將新思想灌輸給某人inspiresb.withcourage鼓起某人的勇氣inspiresth.insb.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情;激發(fā)某人的某種感情inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情;激發(fā)某人的某種感情osb.把某種思想灌輸給某人11.formal:stifflyceremoniousaformalmanner;aformalgreeting;aformalbowtothemonarch.12.rigid:notflexibleorpliant;stiff.rigidinonesviews意志堅(jiān)定rigiddiscipline嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練rigi

18、dadherencetorules嚴(yán)守規(guī)則13.outofdate:nolongeruseful,correctorfashionableoutofdatetheoriesoneducationTheinformationinlastyearstouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.14.severe:veryserious;graveorgrievous:severementalillness.Severe,sternandstrict:Theseadjectivesmeanunsparingandexactingwithrespecttodisciplineorcon

19、trol.Severeimpliesadherencetorigorousstandardsorhighprinciples;the term oftensuggeststheimpositionofharshconditions:“Praiseorblamehasbutamomentaryeffectonthemanwhoseloveofbeautyintheabstractmakeshimaseverecriticonhisownworks”(JohnKeats).“贊揚(yáng)或指責(zé)對(duì)這個(gè)人只有瞬間效應(yīng)，對(duì)抽象美的熱愛(ài)使他對(duì)自己的作品嚴(yán)加批判（約翰凱茲）。Sternsuggestsunyield

20、ingdisposition,uncompromisingresolution,orforbidding appearance or nature:Stern指強(qiáng)硬的處理、不妥協(xié)的決定或冷峻的外表或氣質(zhì)：“thoughtherhusbandamanfatallysternandimplacable”(GeorgeMeredith).“認(rèn)為她丈夫是一個(gè)極端嚴(yán)厲而且毫不容情的人”（喬治馬里蒂斯）。Strictmeansrequiringorshowingstringentobservanceofobligations,rules,orstandards:“有計(jì)劃地克制“做”某事，沒(méi)有別的理由只因你

21、最好別做它”（威廉杰姆森）。Strict指要求或顯示嚴(yán)格遵守義務(wù)、規(guī)則或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：“Hecouldnotbeseverenorevenpassablystrict”(W.H.Hudson).“他根本不能做到嚴(yán)厲，甚至連稍稍嚴(yán)格一點(diǎn)都做不到”(W.H.N哈德森)ic:characteristicoforhavingtodowithcomedy.Oforrelatingtocomicstrips.Amusing;humorous:icopera喜歌劇comicrelief(悲劇中穿插的以寬松觀眾情緒的)喜劇性鏡頭comicbook美連環(huán)圖畫(huà)雜志comicpaper報(bào)紙的連環(huán)圖畫(huà)版comicstrip連

22、環(huán)圖畫(huà)tragic(來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)tragikos).adj悲劇的；悲慘的；不幸的atragicaccident不幸的事故16.antique:Anobjecthavingspecialvaluebecauseofitsage,especiallyadomesticitemorpieceoffurnitureorhandicraftesteemedforitsartistry,beauty,orperiodoforigin.Theantiqueisafake.那古董是一件贗品。anantiquedealer古董商17.tackle:trytodealwith;Totakeonandwrestlew

23、ith(anopponentoraproblem,forexample).Everyonehashisproblemtotackle.Thepolicemantackledthethief.tacklesb.abouton,oversth.18.distribute:todeliverorpassoutdistributebooksamongthestudentsbedistributedintothreeclassesdistributeseedsoverafielddistribute.over.配給到分配到,散布于.distributesth.to把某物分配,發(fā)給.distributes

24、th.among把某物分配,發(fā)給.distribute,dispense,divide,allocate都含“分配”的意思。distribute指“將某物分成一定的部分或數(shù)量，通常各份的數(shù)量不一定相等，然后分給某些人或地方”，如：distributeleaflets分發(fā)傳單。Inthe19thcenturythegovernmentdistributedlandtosettlerswillingtocultivateit.Divideimpliesgivingoutportions,oftenequal,onthebasisofaplanorpurpose. 在19世紀(jì)，政府將土地分發(fā)給愿意耕

25、種的定居者。dispensestressesthecarefuldeterminationofportions,oftenaccordingtomeasurementor weight:Dispense強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)測(cè)理或稱(chēng)重對(duì)所分的份額，認(rèn)真作出決定：dispensingmedication配藥；Dispense指“分配給一群人中每個(gè)人應(yīng)得的份,如：Theydispensednewclothestothechildrenintheorphanage.divide指“把整體分為若干部分”Divide表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或目的進(jìn)行按份額分發(fā)，常是平等的：如:Theestatewillbedividedamon

26、gtheheirs.divideitintotwoallocate指“分配一定數(shù)量的財(cái)物或任務(wù)給某些人、單位或事業(yè)等”，如:Weveallocatedasumofmoneytoeducation.我們已經(jīng)撥出了一筆教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。18.faceupto:toacceptanddealwithanunpleasantfactorproblem大膽面向：Shemustfaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必須正視她已不再年輕這一事實(shí)。Theyllneverofferyouanotherjob;youmightaswellfaceuptoit.19.sequence

27、:Afollowingofonethingafteranother;succession.asequenceofbumperharvests連續(xù)的大豐收inhistoricalalphabeticalsequence按歷史字母順序thesequenceoftenses語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)20.argument:Adiscussioninwhichdisagreementisexpressed;adebate.Aquarrel;adispute.Itisbeyondargumentthat是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的,不容爭(zhēng)辯的是.Argument,dispute,controversyThesenounsdenote

28、discussioninvolvingconflictingpointsofview.Argumentstressestheadvancementbyeachsideoffactsandreasonsbuttressingitscontentionandintendedtopersuadetheotherside:Emotionsareseldomswayedbyargument.情緒很少受論證的影響。Disputestressesdivisionofopinionbyitsimplicationofcontradictorypointsofview and often impliesanim

29、osity:Dispute強(qiáng)調(diào)由于涉與相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致意見(jiàn)上的分歧，常常暗含敵意：Adisputearoseamongunionmembersaboutthetermsofthenewcontract.工會(huì)會(huì)員們?cè)谛潞贤臈l款方面產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。Controversyisespeciallyapplicabletomajordifferencesofopinioninvolvinglargegroupsofpeopleratherthanindividuals:Controversy尤其用來(lái)指大批人，而非個(gè)別人在觀點(diǎn)上存在的分歧：Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjecto

30、fwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一個(gè)會(huì)引起廣泛爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。21.recapture:bringbackintothemind;experienceagain.recaptureapositionfromtheenemy從敵人手中奪回陣地recapturethepast回憶過(guò)去;使過(guò)去再現(xiàn)22.violate:actagainstviolatealawviolatesleepviolatesb.sprivacyThesoldiersviolatedthechurchbyusingitasastable.士兵們把教堂當(dāng)馬廄用而褻瀆了它。Thesoundofgunsviol

31、atedtheusualcalmofSundaymorning.炮聲破壞了平常星期日早晨的寧?kù)o。pose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.);Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constitute or form:anexhibitcomposedofFrenchpaintings;pose,consistof,comprise,constitute這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義為“組成”或“構(gòu)成”。compose在表示“由材料構(gòu)成”時(shí)，見(jiàn)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；在用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般它所表示的“構(gòu)成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語(yǔ)或者是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者是集體名詞。Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構(gòu)成。Merefacts,badlystated,donotcomposeagoodbook.consistof的含義與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的compose一樣Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,prise在表示“構(gòu)成”時(shí)，其涵是“包