【學(xué)海導(dǎo)航】2015高考英語(yǔ)（新課標(biāo)）一輪語(yǔ)法同步課件：第12節(jié)　特殊句式（共79張）（2014高考）

1、高效語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)篇 第12節(jié) 特殊句式 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 1如果原句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用的是現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)用It isthat。如果原句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)那么用It wasthat。有時(shí)be前可以使用表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。It is not everyone that can draw well.不是每個(gè)人都能畫(huà)得好的。It was for his eyes that we asked him not to read in the sun.我們是為他的眼睛著想才叫他不要在太陽(yáng)下看書(shū)的。It must be Jack who let out the secret.肯定是杰克泄露了秘密。2強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)用人

2、稱代詞主格，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)用賓格。It was I who gave you the book.(不用me)是我給了你這本書(shū)。It was him that they telephoned.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)用賓格)他們打 給了他。3即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)等，也不能用when，where, because, 要用that。It was in Athens that the 2004 Olympic Games were held.2004年奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在雅典舉行的。4如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分有同位語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)也應(yīng)提前。It was from him, our English teacher,

3、 that we learned this English song.我們從英語(yǔ)老師那學(xué)會(huì)了這首英文歌。5當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是notuntil句型時(shí)，應(yīng)將not置于until之前，主句由否認(rèn)句改為肯定句。We didnt recognize her until she took off her glasses.直到她取下眼鏡我們才認(rèn)出她。It was not until she took off her glasses that we recognized her. 注意與下面一句的區(qū)別：此句為not位于句首，要主謂倒裝。Not until she took off her glasses did w

4、e recognize her.6疑問(wèn)句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其一般疑問(wèn)句形式是：Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分who/that？其特殊疑問(wèn)句形式是：疑問(wèn)詞is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that？Was it in the classroom that the meeting was held?會(huì)議是在教室里舉行的嗎？Who was it that broke the vase?是誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？7與定語(yǔ)從句連用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Was it in the house where his grandfather once lived that they found the old picture?他們是在他祖父曾經(jīng)住過(guò)

5、的房子里找到那張舊照片的嗎？ Where did you meet him?你在哪遇到他的？ It was in the hotel where he stayed.在他住的旅館里。(本句后省略了that I met him)8與其他狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別It was at 7 oclock that I arrived. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at 7 oclock )It was 7 oclock when I arrived.(when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。在7 oclock前無(wú)介詞at)主要搞清楚的一點(diǎn)是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中去掉It is/wasthat后仍然是一個(gè)完整的句子。而其他句型那么不行。9英語(yǔ)中常

6、用助動(dòng)詞do、does或did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you. 他昨天確實(shí)去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，但他沒(méi)有找到你?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. It was in the classroom _ he studied that I met him.2. It is his mother _ often encourages him to try his best.3. It was the news _ her father would come back that made the girl excited.4. I

7、t was at 5 oclock _ the teacher got up yesterday.5. He _ do that bad things to his brother last week.答案：1. where2. who/that3. that4. that5. did1. Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend? Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. while【分析】D此題很容

8、易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其實(shí)此題的最正確答案是D。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解句中 it 的用法和意思。從上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，句中的 it 應(yīng)是代詞，指代 the bike，句意為：“當(dāng)你離開(kāi)去同朋友談話的時(shí)候，你的自行車(chē)是在這樹(shù)下嗎？“肯定是的，但當(dāng)我回來(lái)時(shí)，自行車(chē)就不見(jiàn)了。2. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what【分析】C此題容易誤選A，受空格前逗號(hào)的影響，誤認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從而誤選了A。其實(shí)，此題最正確答案為C，整個(gè)句子為一個(gè) it

9、 wasthat 強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort這一結(jié)構(gòu)，干擾了許多同學(xué)對(duì) it was lack of money that defeated their plan這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的認(rèn)識(shí)和分析。3. An awful accident _， however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to【分析】B此題正確答案應(yīng)選B，句末的 the other day 意為“前幾天，所以句子應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)D填進(jìn)去不合題意。此句有兩個(gè)難點(diǎn)：一

10、是句中插有 however 一詞，分散了同學(xué)們的注意力；二是所填選項(xiàng)B為許多同學(xué)所不熟悉的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法。倒 裝 高考湖南卷的單項(xiàng)選擇題中倒裝幾乎每年必考，通常每年一道題。1here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, back, now, then等在句首時(shí)是全部倒裝。2介詞短語(yǔ)或方位名詞詞組作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首，是全部倒裝。注意：以上兩種完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，謂語(yǔ)常是表示方位或轉(zhuǎn)移的不及物動(dòng)詞，如lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, rise, walk, run等，主語(yǔ)假設(shè)是人稱代詞或謂語(yǔ)不屬上述動(dòng)詞之列，那么

11、不用完全倒裝。Here it rains a lot every month of the year.今年本地區(qū)每月雨量充裕。 3代詞such作表語(yǔ)，意為“這樣的人、“這樣的物，應(yīng)置于句首，其后全部倒裝。Such were the facts.事實(shí)就是這樣。4only修飾動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句，并置于句首時(shí)，主句中是局部倒裝。Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.雨停后比賽才能開(kāi)始。注意：“only名詞/代詞置于句首不要倒裝。Only he can do it.只有他才會(huì)這么干。5否認(rèn)意義的副詞，如：not, never,

12、neither, nor, seldom, hardly, little等置于句首時(shí)，是局部倒裝。Hardly can I believe that.我絕不相信。6not onlybut (also)連接兩個(gè)分句，not only置于句首，它所引導(dǎo)的這局部要局部倒裝，但but(also)局部不要倒裝。Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.我們不僅要學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識(shí)，也要關(guān)注政治。注意：假設(shè)not onlybut (also)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不要倒裝。7not until引起一

13、個(gè)短語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句中要求局部倒裝。Not until he was ten did he go to school.直至10歲他才上學(xué)。8so表示“也、“同樣，位于句首時(shí)，其后要局部倒裝。You can swim, so can I.你會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. Not only _ he _ (like) swimming but also he likes football.2. No sooner had he _ (see) the stranger than he shouted at him.3. My mother has read the boo

14、k, and so _ I.4. Only by working hard _ we _ (achieve) high grades. 答案：1. does; like2. seen3. have4. can/will; achieve1. Then _ a new development that had farreaching effects. A. come B. coming C. came D. had come【分析】C句子為時(shí)間副詞 then 置于句首的倒裝句，came 為句子謂語(yǔ)。注意：這類倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)通常是 go, come, follow, exist, remain 等不

15、及物動(dòng)詞。2. Hard _ he studies, he cannot pass the examination. A. when B. how C. as D. while【分析】C考查讓步倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其根本句式為“名詞(不帶冠詞)、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等as主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。3. _ loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. A. So B. Very C. Too D. Much【分析】A其余幾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。之所以選 so，一是因?yàn)閟othat是一固定句型，二是因?yàn)?so loudly 后的

16、 did he speak 為局部倒裝，因?yàn)榘从⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，當(dāng) sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so形容詞或副詞置于句首時(shí)，主句要用局部倒裝形式。省略、替代和否認(rèn) 一、省略1動(dòng)詞后所帶的賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可省略，但當(dāng)其帶多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能省略第一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞；賓語(yǔ)從句本身是一個(gè)復(fù)合句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也不能省略。They said that if they had worked harder, they would have done much better.他們說(shuō)如果他們過(guò)去還努力點(diǎn)，他們將做得更好。2. 在I think/believe/hope/guess等作答語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用so代替其后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 I think

17、she is a good girl.我認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)好女孩。 I think so.我也這么認(rèn)為。3狀語(yǔ)從句如果表示讓步、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、條件等時(shí)，如果其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中又有be的某種形式時(shí)，可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。If invited, Ill go to his birthday party.如果(我)被邀請(qǐng)，我會(huì)去他的生日聚會(huì)。4并列句中常把后一分句與前面相同的局部省略。Our teacher looked angry, and we certainly were (angry)我們的老師看起來(lái)很生氣，而且我們也確實(shí)是(很生氣)。5不定式的省略，只保存不定式符號(hào)

18、to。(1) 在hope, like, try, want, wish, expect, tell, ask, advise, afford, agree, forget, manage, would like等動(dòng)詞后的不定式。(2) 在glad, afraid, anxious, happy, pleased, delighted, eager, ready, willing等形容詞后的不定式。(3) 在want, allow, permit, persuade, tell, invite等動(dòng)詞后的作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)的不定式。(4) 在be going to, be able to, have t

19、o, be willing to, ought to, used to 后作復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)的不定式。6介詞的省略，主要是和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)中的介詞，如 prevent sb. (from) doing sth., stop sb. (from) doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth., spend time / money (in) doing sth., be busy (in) doing sth.等等。7在比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，尤其是比較級(jí)和原級(jí)交叉使用時(shí)，常省略某一結(jié)構(gòu)中的某些成分，從而使句子簡(jiǎn)潔精練。這種含省略的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中

20、，要特別注意連詞后有主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，連詞要保存，否那么不保存。比較：She sings as well as, if not better than, her sister. She sings as well as her sister, if not better.她唱歌如果不比她妹妹更好，也跟她一樣好。二、否認(rèn)1否認(rèn)代詞的用法一直是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，掌握它們指代的側(cè)重點(diǎn)和范圍尤為重要。She has taken a lot of medicines, but none (of them) has cured her disease.(none of指三者或三者以上)她吃了很多藥，但是它們都沒(méi)

21、有治好她的病。Neither/Nor助動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞， 表示后者和前者一樣不，其相反的結(jié)構(gòu)為so助動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞， 表示后者和前者一樣。I went to school by bike yesterday, so did my sister.我和妹妹昨天都騎單車(chē)上學(xué)。He wont attend the meeting tomorrow, neither will Mr. White.他和懷特先生明天都不參加會(huì)議。2否認(rèn)前移時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句也是高考的考點(diǎn)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱I, we時(shí)，通常反問(wèn)的是從句；而當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱時(shí)，那么反問(wèn)主句。I dont think Jim will pass t

22、he exam, will he?我想吉姆考試會(huì)不及格，是嗎？Tom doesnt believe that his parents will be in support of his plan, does he?湯姆認(rèn)為他的父母不會(huì)支持他，是嗎？3有些否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有直接否認(rèn)詞，而是用一些特殊的詞和詞組來(lái)表示否認(rèn)的意義。這種否認(rèn)意義的用法隱藏在句子的深層含義中。含有否認(rèn)意義的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)有：名詞：absence, failure, lack, refusal, ignorance, negation, shortage等。His absence made his teacher angry. 他

23、沒(méi)來(lái)讓他老師很生氣。形容詞及形容詞短語(yǔ)：few, little, absent from, short of, far from, free from, free of等。副詞：never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely等。介詞：against, beyond, but/except, without, instead of, but for等。動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fail, miss, stop/ keep/ preventfrom等。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：tooto， anything but, would ratherthan， by no means, in no

24、way, under no condition 等。By no means will he take his fathers advice. 他絕不會(huì)聽(tīng)取他父親的建議。He was too old to use the advanced computer. 他太老了用不了這么先進(jìn)的電腦。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. I _ think he was ill because he was doing sports outside.2. He asked me to go out for a walk, but I didnt want _.3. If _ (water)frequently, the

25、 flowers can allow visitors to have a good mood.4. Our school is a beautiful school, _ many families are familiar with.5. The trust of students is as important as _ of the colleagues. 答案：1. didnt2. to3. watered4. one5. that 1. Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you? _

26、. A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really【分析】B答句是針對(duì) You never sleep in class, do you? 這一問(wèn)句來(lái)答復(fù)的，Yes, sometimes.為 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class.之省略，其意為“不，上課有時(shí)睡覺(jué)。其余幾項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境。2. They are different in form but _ in meaning. A. not B. no C. arent D. dont【分析】Abut not in meaning為

27、 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。3. Would you like to come for a walk with me? Id prefer _， thank you. A. not to B. to not C. not D. cant【分析】AId prefer not to 為 Id prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意：在該省略結(jié)構(gòu)中，用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。4. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _. A. neither wont T

28、om B. Tom wont, either C. Tom will, too D. so will Tom 【分析】Beither用于否認(rèn)句，替代上文中的內(nèi)容，表示“也。neither本身就是否認(rèn)的，不需要wont再次否認(rèn)。反意疑問(wèn)句 除了“根本用法中涉及的，下面總結(jié)11種特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句用法：1祈使句：祈使句后一般加上will you 或wont you 構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句，用will you 多表示“請(qǐng)求，用wont you多表示提醒對(duì)方注意。 Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信發(fā)掉，好嗎？ Try to be back by two, wont y

29、ou? 盡量?jī)牲c(diǎn)之前回來(lái)，好嗎？假設(shè)陳述局部為否認(rèn)式，那么反意疑問(wèn)句局部只用will you。Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 請(qǐng)別忘了寄信。當(dāng)祈使句為L(zhǎng)ets時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句總是用 shall we。Lets phone her now, shall we? 我們現(xiàn)在就給她打 ，好嗎？2感慨句：感慨句后加反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句需用be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否認(rèn)形式。 What a moving film (it is), is it? 多感人的電影啊，是嗎？3當(dāng)陳述局部謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是need, dare, used to 且這些詞被用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，

30、其反意疑問(wèn)句須用do 的適當(dāng)形式。 They need to move to the east, dont they? 他們需要搬到東方去，是嗎？4當(dāng)陳述局部主、謂語(yǔ)是I am時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用arent I 或aint I, 而不是am not I (可用am I not)。 Im a student, arent I /aint I?我是學(xué)生，對(duì)嗎？5當(dāng)陳述局部主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)詞ing 形式時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用it。 Doing sports is very important, isnt it? 做運(yùn)動(dòng)很重要，是嗎？That he came late was impos

31、sible, wasnt it? 他遲到是不能的，是嗎？7當(dāng)陳述局部含I think (believe，suppose)that結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句須與從句的主、謂語(yǔ)保持一致，注意主句的主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱。 I dont think he will go there, will he? 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)去那里，是嗎？(注意否認(rèn)前移)He believed that he had lost his keys, didnt he? 他認(rèn)為他已經(jīng)丟了鑰匙，是嗎？(主句主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱)8當(dāng)have (has) 不是表示“有的意思，并在句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞要用do, does, did。 H

32、e has three books, hasnt he/doesnt he? 他有3本書(shū)，是嗎？(have意思是“有)He had his hair cut yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天理發(fā)了，是嗎？(have 意思不是“有)9當(dāng)陳述局部有have to 時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)形式。 They have to leave at last, dont they?他們最后不得不離開(kāi)，是嗎？10當(dāng)陳述局部有had better 時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句要用hadnt。We had better go there by bus, hadnt we? 我們最好坐汽車(chē)去那里，是嗎？11當(dāng)陳述局部含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí)，我們最好分析一下must的含義。如果must作“一定；要；必須講，反意疑問(wèn)句須用mustnt或neednt；而當(dāng)must作推測(cè)意義“一定是；必定講時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句那么需根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞原形選相應(yīng)的形式。 You must do it, neednt you？/mustnt you? 你必須做這件事，是嗎？You must be hungry, arent you? 你一定餓了，是嗎？You must know how to answer th