2022屆高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題5-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件(122頁P(yáng)PT)

1、語法專題突破專題五動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)第1頁，共122頁。考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常有often，usually，every day 等時(shí)間狀語。Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. 流行作家的作品往往擁有很多讀者。His father is a worker and doesnt smoke. 他父親是一名工人，不吸煙。一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)第2頁，共122頁。2表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象，無論在什么情況下都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。We learnt that the earth mov

2、es around the sun. 我們了解了地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。第3頁，共122頁。3如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么在由when，while，before, after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句、if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。The sentence will be easy to understand when you divide it into three parts. 當(dāng)你把這個(gè)句子分成三部分時(shí)，很容易理解。第4頁，共122頁。4表示按計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如begin，com

3、e，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close 等。The flight takes off at 230 every Wednesday and Friday. 每周三和周五航班兩點(diǎn)三十分起飛。第5頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)1表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用(或上下文語境有暗示)。At that time，he worked as a teacher to support the family. 那段時(shí)間他靠教書養(yǎng)家。第6頁，共122頁。2用于表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Michaels father alway

4、s helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. 邁克爾的父親總是幫助窮人，因?yàn)樗X得這樣讓大家都更開心。特別提示：表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作還可用would，used to。He used to go to work by bus. 他過去常常乘公共汽車去上班。第7頁，共122頁。3有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒有具體表明，但實(shí)際上是“剛才，剛剛”發(fā)生，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在這里。Sorry，I forgot to bring your book. 很抱歉，我忘記帶你的書來了。

5、第8頁，共122頁。4在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。He said that he would not go if it rained. 他說如果下雨他就不走了。第9頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)三一般將來時(shí)1will/shall(1)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He will travel around Europe this summer. 今年夏天他將環(huán)游歐洲。第10頁，共122頁。(2)表示臨時(shí)性的決定。Tom is ill and now in hospital. 湯姆生病住院了。Really? Ill see him. 真的？我要去看看他。第11頁，共122頁

6、。2be going to(1)表示按計(jì)劃、打算做某事。計(jì)劃可能用時(shí)較長(zhǎng)，計(jì)劃得比較正式、周密。He is going to make a speech on TV this evening. 他今晚將在電視上發(fā)表演講。(2)表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象，對(duì)未來進(jìn)行推測(cè)。Look at the dark cloudsIts going to rain. 看這烏云，要下雨了。第12頁，共122頁。3be about to表示瞬間的將來(不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用)。The train is about to start. 火車就要發(fā)車了。特別提示：與并列連詞when連用，表示“正打算，這時(shí)”。I was ab

7、out to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出門，這時(shí)電話響了。第13頁，共122頁。4be to do表示事先商定、安排或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任、義務(wù)等。As a citizen，you are to report it to the police. 作為一個(gè)公民，你有責(zé)任向警方匯報(bào)此事。第14頁，共122頁。考點(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)！我們都等著你呢。He is working in a factory

8、 these days. 這些日子他在一家工廠工作。第15頁，共122頁。2表示近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃。I am meeting MrWang tonight. 我今晚要會(huì)見王先生。3嚴(yán)格按照時(shí)間表發(fā)生的表“起、止”動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞或表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，come，start，leave，open，arrive，begin，return等。Tom is arriving in a few hours. 再過幾個(gè)小時(shí)湯姆就到了。第16頁，共122頁。特別提示：不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的常見動(dòng)詞：(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like，love，hate，care，rememb

9、er，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。(2)表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。(3)表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。(4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。第17頁，共122頁。考點(diǎn)五過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某動(dòng)作在過去某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。Did you catch what I said?你聽見我說的話了嗎？

10、SorryI was answering a text message just now. 對(duì)不起，我剛才在回短信。第18頁，共122頁。Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?你讀完簡(jiǎn)愛了嗎？No，I was doing my homework all day yesterday. 沒有，我昨天一整天都在做作業(yè)。第19頁，共122頁。2過去的某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，其中的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。I was having dinner when you phoned. 你打電話時(shí)我正在吃飯。第20頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)六將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表

11、示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用，這些常見的標(biāo)志性狀語有at this time tomorrow，from 1：30 to 430 the day after tomorrow等。Ill be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon. 今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘我將正飛往北京。第21頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與以下時(shí)間狀語連用：so far，recently，lately，once/twice/ threetimes，before，ever，by now，in the last/

12、past few years，over a long time，up to now，yet，already，just，since?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于以下幾種情況：第22頁，共122頁。1表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。Look! Somebody has cleaned the sofa. 看！已經(jīng)有人擦了沙發(fā)了。Well，it wasnt meI didnt do it. 哦，不是我，我沒有擦。第23頁，共122頁。2表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He has worked here for over 20 years. 他已經(jīng)在這兒工作

13、20多年了。They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. 他們自從在一次會(huì)議上相遇就成了好朋友。第24頁，共122頁。3下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(1)It is (has been)一段時(shí)間since 從句This (That/It) is the first (second) timethat從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interestingthat從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Its/It has been 5 years since we last m

14、et. 自從我們上次相遇到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)5年了。第25頁，共122頁。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 這是我們一家人第一次一起在電影院里看電影。This is the best film that Ive ever seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。第26頁，共122頁。(2)在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 你看完這本書后請(qǐng)還給我

15、。第27頁，共122頁。考點(diǎn)八過去完成時(shí)1過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間，還可能持續(xù)下去。The train had left when I got to the station. 我到車站時(shí)火車已經(jīng)開走了。第28頁，共122頁。2用在hardly/scarcely/rarelywhen和no soonerthan句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，表示“一 就；剛就”。I had hardly (no sooner) got home when (than) the rain poured downHardly (No sooner) had

16、 I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家雨就傾盆而下。第29頁，共122頁。3有些動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：hope，plan，mean，expect，intend，suppose，want，think等。I had expected to pass the test. 我原認(rèn)為可以通過這次考試。第30頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)九現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。The girl has a great interest in sports and has be

17、en taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 這個(gè)女孩對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)很感興趣，最近三年來每周上兩次羽毛球課。第31頁，共122頁。2表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I have been calling him many times，but theres no answer. 我給他打了很多次電話，但目前一直沒有收到答復(fù)。第32頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)十將來完成時(shí)1將來完成時(shí)表示到將來某一時(shí)間，某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成。By this time of next year，all of you will have

18、 become college students. 到明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，你們大家就都成了大學(xué)生了。2多與by將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間、this week等時(shí)間狀語連用。第33頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)二動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般is/am/are donewas/weredonewill/shallbe donewould/shouldbe done第34頁，共122頁。現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/were beingdone/完成have/has been donehadbeendonewill/shallhav

19、ebeendonewould/shouldhavebeen done第35頁，共122頁?？键c(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指明誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。The window is dirty. 窗戶臟了。I knowIt hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好幾周沒擦了。第36頁，共122頁。特別提示：有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有；belong to屬于；take part in參加。不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的有：happen/take place/occur發(fā)

20、生；remain剩下；break out爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。第37頁，共122頁。2需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了經(jīng)理以外，所有的雇員都被鼓勵(lì)在家網(wǎng)上辦公。第38頁，共122頁。特別提示：“get過去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。She got married last week. 她上周

21、結(jié)婚了。The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed. 他從汽車上掉下來，摔死了。第39頁，共122頁。3被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊用法。(1)英語中有很多動(dòng)詞，如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是物；在這種情況下，常常和easily, well等副詞連用。The sign reads as follows. 這

22、牌子告示如下。The machine runs well. 這種機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。第40頁，共122頁。(2)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, look等后跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，無被動(dòng)形式。Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽起來合理。(3)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 這所房子需要修理。第41頁，共122頁。

23、(4)在某些“主語(人/物)be形容詞不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out. 這道題很難計(jì)算出。(可看作to work out前省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame也屬于主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Who is to blame for the mistake?誰應(yīng)為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤接受譴責(zé)？第42頁，共122頁。難點(diǎn)釋疑難點(diǎn)一易混的幾種時(shí)態(tài)1

24、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。(2)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday，the other day，just now等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用，如so far，up to now，lately等，或無時(shí)間狀語。第43頁，共122頁?！镜淅?When I was at college I _ (speak)three foreign languages but I _ (forget)all except a few words of eac

25、h. 解析：由When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句可知，第一空用一般過去時(shí)spoke；第二空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have forgotten，表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響。spokehave forgotten第44頁，共122頁。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法例句區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔細(xì)考慮這件事?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果I have thought it over. 我已經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮過這件事了。第45頁，共122頁。用法例句區(qū)別2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)Have you be

26、en meeting him recently?你最近經(jīng)常見他嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)Have you met him recently?你最近見過他嗎？第46頁，共122頁。用法例句區(qū)別3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示某種感情色彩I have been waiting for you for three hours. 我已等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)。(暗含不滿的語氣)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果，不帶有感情色彩I have waited for you for three hours我已等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)。(說明一個(gè)事實(shí))第47頁，共122頁?！镜淅緿ashan，who _ (learn)

27、crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. 解析：根據(jù)句意及定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語for decades和主句謂語動(dòng)詞wants可知，本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)has been learning，表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。has been learning第48頁，共122頁。3一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)(1)針對(duì)時(shí)間不同：一般過去時(shí)是針對(duì)現(xiàn)在而言的，過去完成時(shí)則是針對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻而言的。(2)

28、時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常是by或before構(gòu)成的短語，如by that time，before 2000，“by the time句子”等。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有two years ago，the day before yesterday等。第49頁，共122頁?！镜淅縅ohn and I have been friends for eight yearsWe first _ (get) to know each other at a partyBut we _ (see)each other a couple of times before that. 解析：第一空用一般過去

29、時(shí)got，因?yàn)樯衔恼f約翰和我已經(jīng)是8年的朋友了，說明我們相識(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，且由語境可知用一般過去時(shí)；見過幾次面發(fā)生在相識(shí)這一動(dòng)作之前，表示的是過去的過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故第二空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)had seen。gothad seen第50頁，共122頁。難點(diǎn)二時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)指的是主從復(fù)合句中從句的時(shí)態(tài)受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響或制約的現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于定語從句和狀語從句而言，從句時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響或制約不是特別明顯，而賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響或制約比較突出，因此此處我們著重來總結(jié)一下時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中的體現(xiàn)。第51頁，共122頁。1如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，那么賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)

30、可根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)。2如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，則賓語從句應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際需要采用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。第52頁，共122頁?！镜淅縃ave you ever seen Peter recently?YesHe _(ask) me how you _ (get) along with your job these days. 解析：句意為：最近你見過彼得嗎？見過。他問我你近來工作進(jìn)展怎么樣。由句意和語境可知，第一空應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間的具體動(dòng)作；主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，按常規(guī)而言從句也應(yīng)用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，但此處是特殊情況，由從句中的時(shí)間狀語these days可知，從句表示的是現(xiàn)在依然存

31、在的情況，所以此處從句只能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)are getting。askedare getting第53頁，共122頁。解題策略運(yùn)用以下“四根據(jù)”準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(1)看到always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等如時(shí)間基點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day等要想到用一般過去時(shí)；(3)看到tomorrow，next year等要想到用一般將來時(shí)；第54頁，共122頁。(4)看到now，at present等要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；(

32、5)看到at that time，then，at six oclock yesterday等要想到用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；(6)看到this time tomorrow，from 1 oclock to 3 oclock tomorrow等要想到用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)；(7)看到since，so far，up to now，in the last/past few years等要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；(8)看到by/until/before/by the end of“表示過去的某一時(shí)間”，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。第55頁，共122頁。【典例】In the last few years，China _ (make) gr

33、eat achievements in environmental protection. 解析：題干中的時(shí)間狀語是“In the last few years”，表示動(dòng)作“從過去一直到現(xiàn)在”，故所填詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has made。has made第56頁，共122頁。二、根據(jù)上下文語境，挖掘其隱含信息，弄清時(shí)間的先后順序，確定動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來【典例】When he realized he _(walk) into a deep valley，he was too frightened to know what to do. 解析：句意：當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己走進(jìn)了深谷之后，他非常害怕

34、以至于不知道做什么。 由語境可知，walk into a deep valley的動(dòng)作先于realize的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，故用過去完成時(shí)had walked。had walked第57頁，共122頁。三、根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動(dòng)關(guān)系外，還有特殊用法，如主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。除此之外，還要考慮主謂一致問題。【典例】Later，Nelson _ (award)the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work. 解析： 句意：后來納爾遜被授予總統(tǒng)自由勛章，以表彰他的工作。句中的時(shí)間狀

35、語Later表明這里敘述的是過去的動(dòng)作，提示此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；Nelson與award為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且主語為Nelson，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was awarded。was awarded第58頁，共122頁。四、根據(jù)固定句式確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定，如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類句式，考生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。1It is the first/second/time that sb. have/has done2It was the first/second/time that sbhad done3Sbwas doing sthwhendid4H

36、ardly/Scarcely had sbdone sthwhendid5Sbwas about to do sthwhendid6Its(high)time that sbdid sth/should do sth. 第59頁，共122頁。【典例】One day，I _ (walk)from classroom across campus to catch my bus home when an old man came down the Sidewalk toward me. 解析：句意：一天，我正從教室出來穿過校園去趕回家的公共汽車，突然一個(gè)老人沿著人行道朝我走來。由語境可知，本句使用了

37、句型“be (was/were) doing sthwhen”表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然”，when后的并列分句用一般過去時(shí)，故本空填提示動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was walking表示過去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。was walking第60頁，共122頁。易錯(cuò)聚焦第61頁，共122頁。第62頁，共122頁。第63頁，共122頁。第64頁，共122頁。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)第65頁，共122頁。單句語法填空1(2020新高考卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms. 解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：博物館對(duì)公眾開放的部分被

38、稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語與call是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。are called第66頁，共122頁。2(2020新課標(biāo)卷)The unmanned Change 4 probe (探測(cè)器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：無人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)名字的靈感來源于古代的中國(guó)月亮女神上周在南極艾特肯盆地

39、著陸。此處是句子的謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填touched。touched第67頁，共122頁。3(2020新課標(biāo)卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)以及主謂一致。句意：“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動(dòng)，”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家

40、Carle Pieters說：“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息。”分析句子可知，此處是賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞，謂語construct與主語the moon之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語the moon是單數(shù)。故填is constructed。is constructed第68頁，共122頁。4(2020新課標(biāo)卷)The artist was sure he would_ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old

41、 man laughed. 解析：考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：畫家確信他會(huì)被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時(shí)，這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動(dòng)詞choose構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且would后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填be chosen。be chosen第69頁，共122頁。5(2020新課標(biāo)卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river. 解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：

42、當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí)，他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填pointed。pointed第70頁，共122頁。6(2020浙江卷)And, as more children were born, more food _ (need). 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：隨著越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，邏輯主語和need之間表示被動(dòng)邏輯。同時(shí)此處描述的是過去的時(shí)間，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。故此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。was needed第71頁，共122頁。7

43、(2020浙江卷)Then, with the rise of science, changes began. New methods _ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子，主句部分無其他動(dòng)詞，故此處需填時(shí)態(tài)。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞之間表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以此處填過去時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。故填meant。meant第72頁，共122頁。8(2020天津卷改編)You are a great swimmer. Thanks. Its bec

44、ause I _(practise)a lot these days. 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：你游泳很棒。謝謝。這是因?yàn)檫@些天我一直在練習(xí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語these days(這些天)可知，“練習(xí)游泳”從數(shù)天前開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，因此該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故填have been practising。have been practising第73頁，共122頁。9(2020江蘇卷改編)Instead of getting down to a new task as I _(expect), he examined the previous work again. 解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：

45、他沒有像我所期望的那樣著手做新工作，而是又檢查了一遍以前的工作。此處描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在examined之前，屬于“過去的過去”，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。故填 had expected。had expected第74頁，共122頁。10(2019全國(guó)卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)其前時(shí)

46、間狀語in recent years和主語people可知，空格處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填have reported。have reported第75頁，共122頁。11. (2019全國(guó)卷)I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _ (make) over the years. 解析：over the years常與完成時(shí)連用，在此意為“(從過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在的)多年來”。根據(jù)主句謂語動(dòng)詞love的時(shí)態(tài)可知，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞make應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在

47、完成式。have made第76頁，共122頁。12(2019全國(guó)卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 解析：考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填declared。declared第77頁，共122頁。13(2019全國(guó)III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experience

48、s and _ (recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 解析：考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購(gòu)物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。recommended第78頁，共122頁。14(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion(時(shí)尚). 解析

49、：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個(gè)學(xué)生在校穿校服時(shí)，沒有人會(huì)擔(dān)心時(shí)尚問題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時(shí)will do；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填will have/has。will have/has第79頁，共122頁。15(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：美國(guó)的一

50、項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績(jī)有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，從句應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。故填improved。improved第80頁，共122頁。16(2019北京卷)On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _ (voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends？”解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂，“我將如何

51、交朋友？”此處的voice是動(dòng)詞，“表達(dá)”的意思，作謂語。敘述的是一年級(jí)的事情，參照語境中的stood可知，用一般過去時(shí)。故填voiced。voiced第81頁，共122頁。17. (2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question _ (suggest) that, for most students, it doesnt. 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的研究表明，對(duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果，所以用一般過去時(shí)；根據(jù)it doesnt可知是

52、現(xiàn)在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可。故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。suggests/suggested/has suggested第82頁，共122頁。18(2019天津卷)I _ (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldnt manage it. 解析： 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我本來計(jì)劃在Peter結(jié)婚時(shí)送他一個(gè)禮物的，可是我沒有做到。couldnt manage用的是一般過去時(shí)，它之前的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去本打算做某事而沒有做成。had

53、 hoped第83頁，共122頁。19(2018全國(guó)卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 解析：考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。is第84頁，共122頁。20(2018全國(guó)卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agricultur

54、e finds that between 2005when the government _(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 解析：考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項(xiàng)土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，由于時(shí)間是2005年，故用一般過去時(shí)。故填started。started第85頁，共122頁。21(2018全國(guó)卷)Tru

55、e to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”解析：考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據(jù)總體時(shí)態(tài)可知要用一般過去時(shí)，所以用meant。meant第86頁，共122頁。22(全國(guó)卷)This cycle _(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and c

56、ool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 解析：此處指這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日地不斷持續(xù)下去，由冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。goes第87頁，共122頁。23(2019天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, _(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 解析：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村

57、里時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。由時(shí)間狀語last week可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；as well as連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞就前原則，即這句話真正的主語是Amy，故用單數(shù)；由句意可知用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was given。was given第88頁，共122頁。24(2018浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 解析：考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處表示我被震

58、驚了。shock的主語是I，兩者關(guān)系是被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。故填was shocked。was shocked第89頁，共122頁。25(2017全國(guó))When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 解析：根據(jù)語境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語fat and salt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)are removed。are removed第90頁，共122頁。26(2017全國(guó))Sarah _(tell) that she co

59、uld be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 解析：根據(jù)語境，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國(guó)新的超模，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。故填has been told/was told。has been told/was told第91頁，共122頁。27(全國(guó))So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for

60、research. I _(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 解析：根據(jù)語境及allow sb. to do sth這一用法可知，此處要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。故填was allowed。was allowed第92頁，共122頁。28(全國(guó))Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 解析：根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。此處為含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)might be don