2018年高考真題英語（全國卷II） Word版含解析

1、歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚，qq：2355394501河北、山東、甘肅、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、北京、天津 資源投稿 qq：2355394501 歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚，qq：2355394501河北、山東、甘肅、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、北京、天津 資源投稿 qq：2355394501 絕密啟用前 2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英 語（考試時間：120分鐘 試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2. 作答時，務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分 聽力做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。

2、錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽下面5短對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A.19.15. B.9.18. C.9.15.1. What does John find difficult in learning German？A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar.【答案】C【解析】此為聽力題，解析略2. What is the proba

3、ble relationship between the speakers？A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.【答案】A【解析】此為聽力題，解析略3. Where does the conversation probably take place？A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train.【答案】B解析略4. What are the speakers talking about？A. A restaurant. B. A street. C. A d

4、ish.【答案】A【解析】此為聽力題，解析略5. What does the woman think of her interview？A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. C. It was successful.【答案】C【解析】此為聽力題，解析略第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，完成下面小題。6. When will Judy go to a par

5、ty？A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.7. What will Max do next？A. Fly a kite. B. Read a magazine. C. Do his homework.【答案】6. B 7. B【解析】6. 此為聽力題，解析略7. 此為聽力題，解析略聽第7段材料，完成下面小題。8. What does the man suggest doing at first？A. Going to a concert.B. Watching a movie.C. Playing a computer game.9. Wh

6、at do the speakers decide to do？A. Visit Mike. B. Go boating. C. Take a walk.【答案】8. A 9. C【解析】8. 此為聽力題，解析略9. 此為聽力題，解析略聽第8段材料，完成下面小題。10. Which color do cats see better than humans？A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue.11. Why do cats bring dead birds home？A. To eat them in a safe place.B. To show off their hunti

7、ng skills.C. To make their owners happy.12. How does the man sound at the end of the conversation？A. Grateful. B. Humorous. C. Curious.【答案】10. C 11. A 12. B【解析】10. 此為聽力題，解析略11. 此為聽力題，解析略12. 此為聽力題，解析略聽第9段材料，完成下面小題。13. Who is Macy？A. Eds mother. B. Eds teacher. C. Eds friend.14. How does Ed usually go

8、 to kindergarten？A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus.15. What does Ed enjoy doing at the kindergarten？A. Telling stories. B. Singing songs . C. Playing with others.16. What do the teachers say about Ed？A. Hes clever. B. Hes quiet. C. Hes brave.【答案】13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A【解析】13. 此為聽力題，解析略14. 此為聽力題，解析略15

9、. 此為聽力題，解析略16. 此為聽力題，解析略聽第10段材料，完成下面小題。17. At what age did Emily start learning ballet？A. Five. B. Six. C. Nine.18. Why did Emily move to Toronto？A. To work for a dance school.B. To perform at a dance theater.C. To learn contemporary dance.19. Why did Emily quit dancing？A. She was too old to dance.B

10、. She failed to get a scholarship.C. She lost interest in it.20. How does Emily feel about stopping training？A. Shes pleased. B. Shes regretful. C. Shes upset【答案】17. B 18. C 19. C 20. A【解析】17. 此為聽力題，解析略18. 此為聽力題，解析略19. 此為聽力題，解析略20. 此為聽力題，解析略第二部分 閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ASummer Activi

11、tiesStudents should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their ch

12、ilds choices.ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoor Adventure (OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing a

13、nd work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.Mr. Clemens140 WWI Battlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us mak

14、e the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. Mrs. Milson425CraftyFoxes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovel

15、y objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations.Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode30Potty about Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on -Thames, guided tour of

16、 Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake15021. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.22. Whatwillthestudentsdoon

17、TuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?A. TraveltoLondon.B. Seeaparadeandfireworks.C. TourcentralParis.D. VisittheWWIbattlefields.23. HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A. Twodays. B. Fourdays.C. Fivedays. D. Oneweek.【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A【解析】本文是一篇廣告布告類說明文。文中講述了家長和孩子一起挑選可以參加的活動。文中分別對這些活動的名稱，活動內(nèi)容，活動特色和活動組織工作人員還有活動的價格進行了詳

18、細(xì)的描述。21. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的go camping，我們可以迅速瀏覽到第一個活動當(dāng)中的wild camping (野外露營)這個關(guān)鍵信息。故選A。23. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的信息Potty about Potter last我們從最后一種活動來尋找答案。關(guān)鍵信息overnight意為“一夜的逗留”。故這個活動是持續(xù)兩天。故選A。點睛：做廣告布告類說明文題型時一定要先看題干，再從文中找答案。我們可以清楚的看到：這三道題是互相之間沒有聯(lián)系的并且都是根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息就可以鎖定某一段落直接找答案的。BMany of us love July because its the mont

19、h when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more

20、protein (蛋白質(zhì)), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (櫻桃), they are so delicious w

21、ho cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place th

22、em in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zx.x.kIf you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen ba

23、nanas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem

24、 to like about cherries?A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve thei

25、r nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert. B. A drink.C. A container. D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B【解析】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講述了人們熱愛水果豐盛的7月

26、，這時候各種水果營養(yǎng)豐富且含有對人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜歡的甜點或冰淇淋。24. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是，作者喜歡櫻桃什么。根據(jù)第二段中As for cherries (櫻桃), they are so delicious who cares?（至于櫻桃，因為它們很好吃誰在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故選C。25. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鮮的檸檬汁是為

27、了防止香蕉變成褐色，故新鮮的檸檬汁是被用來保持香蕉的顏色的。故選B。26. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子們喜歡把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺機器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從下面出來。故可以推出a juicer就是一臺機器。故選D。27. 文章出處題。文章首先指出七月是水果盛產(chǎn)的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營養(yǎng)，最后一段指出我們可以用a juicer為孩子們做一些

28、甜點和冰激凌，故最可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。A項意為：生物教科書；B項意為：一本健康雜志；C項意為：一篇研究論文；D項意為：一本旅游手冊。故選B。點睛：做詞義猜測題時我們要注意觀察，劃線單詞的構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)。如本題背劃線的單詞是juicer，我們都知道“er”是單詞的后綴。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner既可以表示清潔工，又可以表示清潔工具。根據(jù)下文中的意思，可以判斷出本題中的a juicer是表示物。C Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense M

29、edia report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (

30、比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time

31、spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.zxx.k When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建議) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that m

32、any parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read freq

33、uently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step

34、in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the

35、 data that best supports children are reading a lot less for fun?A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are e

36、xpensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】據(jù)本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report報告顯示，青少年和年幼的孩子們讀書的樂趣大大減少

37、。文中從閱讀的樂趣，閱讀的時間，閱讀方式和父母對孩子閱讀的影響等角度展示了該報告的內(nèi)容。28. 推理判斷題。題干問的是這篇報道可能是關(guān)于什么內(nèi)容。根據(jù)整篇文章，我們可以看出這篇報道講述了孩子們閱讀的樂趣，孩子們閱讀的時間，孩子們閱讀方式和父母對孩子閱讀的影響。A項意為：孩子們的閱讀習(xí)慣；B項意為：孩子們所讀書籍的質(zhì)量；C項意為：孩子們的課后活動；D項意為：父母與孩子的關(guān)系。故選A。29. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-yea

38、r-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少為樂趣而閱讀的人的比例已經(jīng)分別從1984年的13歲的8%和17歲的9%上升到現(xiàn)在的22%和27%。也就是說，為樂趣而讀書的人越來越少了。故選B。30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知，許多家長仍然限制電子閱

39、讀，主要是由于擔(dān)心看一些電子屏幕的時間越來越多，也即是擔(dān)心會傷害孩子們的健康。故選C。31. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明顯的證據(jù)表明，父母為孩子們做榜樣并為孩子們作重要指導(dǎo)能培養(yǎng)孩子的閱讀習(xí)慣。也即是說，父母可以通過給孩子們作榜樣來鼓勵孩子們閱讀的。故選A。點睛：作此類型的題時

40、，一定要讀懂第一段。第一段讀懂了，整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意，第28題我們也不難看出答案，本文講的肯定不是質(zhì)量，不是活動也不是關(guān)系。而是習(xí)慣，即孩子們的閱讀習(xí)慣。DWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the pr

41、oblem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the

42、 trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(潤滑劑) for social communication, says Bernard

43、o Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.In a 2014 stud

44、y, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互動) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly

45、 higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral(邊緣的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers

46、 feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate b

47、ehaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffe

48、e-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Unco

49、mfortable Silence【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】這是一篇議論文。在當(dāng)今社會，人們在公共場合或沉迷于智能手機，或與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)?，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。32. 主旨大意題。題干問的是：第一段描述了什么現(xiàn)象。在公共場合（比如在電梯里，在銀行排隊，或在飛機上）人們深深地專注于他們的智能手機，或者更糟糕的是，與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)帯Ｓ写丝芍?，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。A項意為：沉迷于智能手機。B項意為：在公共場所不適當(dāng)?shù)男袨椤項意為：陌生人之間缺乏溝通。D項意為：對緩慢的

50、服務(wù)不耐煩。故選C項。33. 推理判斷題。題干問得是對于Carducci來說，成功的閑聊中重要的是什么。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)習(xí)如何與他們交流，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項意為：表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B項意為：與他人有關(guān)的。C項意為：專注于一個話題。D項意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項。34. 推理判斷題。題干問的是：咖啡店的研究對閑聊有什么建議。根據(jù)第四段的調(diào)

51、查結(jié)果可知，那些與服務(wù)員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗。由此可知，D項符合題意。A項意為：閑聊改善了家庭關(guān)系。B項意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項意為：閑聊讓人感覺很好。故選D項。35. 主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開始介紹了社會的現(xiàn)象（公共場合人們沉迷于智能手機，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問題的原因，接下來有專家對閑聊進行了研究，最后得出結(jié)論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項意為：談話很重要。B項意為：閑聊的方法。C項意為：閑聊的好處。D項意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項。點睛：我們在做閱讀理解時，盡量找出每段的主講內(nèi)容（可能是一句話或是一個短語

52、），這樣有利于整篇文章的把握，有利于做文章大意題。如35題，很顯然本文講的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD都可以輕松排除。第二節(jié) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. _36_ Working out in the morning provides additi

53、onal benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day._37_Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start. _38_ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefi

54、ts for the whole day, not in your sleep._39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited._40_ If you work out bright and ear

55、ly in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm

56、 clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours af

57、ter exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40. A【解析】這是一篇說明文。列舉了早晨鍛煉對人體的四條好處，號召人們早點起床，進行身體鍛煉。36. 根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容“生活忙碌沒有時間鍛煉”和空后的內(nèi)容“晨練除了身體健康之外，還能帶來其他好處”，

58、下文接著列舉了晨練的其他好處。由此可知，此處缺一個承上啟下句。G項中then listen up!（那么請仔細(xì)聽!）很好的起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G。37. 根據(jù)上一句Exercising makes you more awake（鍛煉能讓你更清醒），E項（你可以在運動后保持頭腦清醒4-10個小時。）是對上一句的進一步解釋。故選E。38. 空前句子是本段的主題句，晨練是新陳代謝的開始，空后句子說如果晨練，則你會得到卡路里一整天都在燃燒的益處，F(xiàn)項（鍛煉之后，你一整天都在燃燒卡路里。）是空后句子的根據(jù)，空后句子是對F項的進一步延伸。故選F。39. 此處缺一個主題句。空后句子解釋了早起鍛煉的人比

59、晚上鍛煉的人睡得更好。B項（你的睡眠質(zhì)量提高了。）是對后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。40. 根據(jù)空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨鍛煉身體，你將更有可能堅持健康的食物選擇。）”，A項(你將堅持你的飲食。)符合本段內(nèi)容，是主題句，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用。故選A。點睛：七選五題型，要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，所以懂得整篇

60、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)或段落的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)對解題很有用。本篇文章采用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段和最后一段是總述，中間是分述，中間每段都是主題句加分述句構(gòu)成。第三部分語言知識運用第一節(jié) 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Two weeks earlier. my son . Ben ,had got in touch , hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id _41_ seen him . So imagine my _