初中英語語法專項習題11.情態(tài)動詞

1、情態(tài)動詞講義 情態(tài)動詞講義 I. 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征 情態(tài)動詞本身雖有詞義，但只表示說話人的看法，命令，準許等；不能單獨作謂語，須與實義動詞構成謂語 1） 情態(tài)動詞 除ought to，have to， used to外，其它情態(tài)動詞后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。 2） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。 3） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式to，分詞-ing,-ed等形式。 4） 情態(tài)動詞類別：can/cannot/can not/cant, may/may not, must/ mustnt, shall/shall not/ shant, should/

2、shouldnt, ought to/ oughtnt to, will/ wont , would/ wouldnt. need/ neednt, dare/darent, used to/ usednt to/ didnt use to, have to/ dont have to, had better/ had better not, would rather/ would rather not II. 一些容易混淆的用法 1. 比較can 和be able to 1）can/could 表示能力(born ability, learned ability), 只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(c

3、ould)。 be able to可以用于多種時態(tài)。 People can speak. He can speak English fluently. A computer cant think for itself. It must be told what to do. He said he could do the work by himself. cf: They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。 He said he would be able to get a passport soon. He had bee

4、n able to speak a little Chinese before he came to China. 2）只用be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力或在一定條件下設法成功地做了某事時，而非能力，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。-managed to do sth./ succeeded in doing sth. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. After two years

5、of hard work, he was able to speak English. Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened. With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house. 3) could不表示時態(tài) (1) 提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you c

6、ant. II. 比較have to和must 1)兩詞都是必須的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事) I want to take more exercise, so I must walk to school every day. 2） must 表示必須，必要，一種義務，責任，職責,命令等語氣 e.g. We

7、must obey the school regulations. You must respect the old. You must come here early tomorrow. I am afraid I must be leaving. We must stay home, mustnt we? 3）表示必然，必定,不可避免的結果 Man must die. 表示固執(zhí)，一定要，堅持要 e.g. Our three-year-old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered. Why must you interrupt me now

8、and then while I am speaking. Must you shout so loudly? 表示過去的不巧，偏偏 e.g. Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chat. As I was sitting down to dinner, the telephone must ring. 4）have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。 e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday. You will have to go there alone.

9、5） must 問句的回答 e.g. Must I wait until they come? -Yes, you must.-No, you neednt./ dont have to/ dont need to Must we hand in our English exercise books today? -_. / _ 6） 在否定結構中： dont have to 表示不必 mustnt表示禁止， 不允許，帶有很強的語氣 e.g. You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。 You mustnt tell him about i

10、t.你一定不要把這件事 Cars mustnt be parked here. III. may 表示給予許可 1) You may sit here. May I borrow your books? Might I have your telephone number? 2) can/could 和 may/might . can和 may都可表示請求，或給與許可。Can 語氣一般，could/may 比較禮貌，常用。對于can/could的回答,一般是can/cant,不可用could，而對may的回答，則是may/may not。 -Could I use your legtop? -

11、Yes, of course you can./ Sorry, I am afraid you cant . -May I leave the classroom? -Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt/you may not/ you dont have to. IV. 情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, must表示推測的用法 1) can/ could (1). Can / could 用于疑問句表示猜測，可能,could 一般不表示時態(tài)，只表達委婉語氣. Where is he now? Can he be reading in the l

12、ibrary? Where can they have gone? (2). Can 可表示理論上的可能性或偶爾的可能。 You can walk miles and miles through the forest without meeting anyone. He is very clever boy , but he can be dull sometimes. Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. (3) cant / couldnt 表示不可能; Couldnt 一般不表示時態(tài)，只表達委婉語氣. 但在過去時態(tài)的賓語從句只能用cou

13、ldnt. I believe him. He cant e such an irresponsible man. She cant have gone to school. We have no school today. I thought you couldnt have met her yesterday. 2) may/might (1) may/might用于肯定句，表示沒有把握的推測； might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài), 只是可能性比may 小, 但在過去時態(tài)的賓語從句只能用might. Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt v

14、ery sure yet. He might be at home. It may have drizzled during the night. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. (2)may not / mightnt 表示可能不，也許不。 He may not know the truth. 3） must must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為一定。 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. He must be working

15、in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。 I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 4) 這些表示推測的情態(tài)動詞使用時的時態(tài)構成 （1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。 表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的情況的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。 I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. （2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。 表示對正在進行的情況進行推測。 At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。

16、（3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。 表示對過去情況的推測。 The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。 (4) 情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情或一個完成進行的動作的推測。 Your mother must have been looking for you. 你媽媽一定一直在找你。 5表示推測的情態(tài)動詞語氣的強弱 肯定語氣-由強至弱 must may might 否定語氣 -由強至弱 cant couldnt may not might not 疑問語氣 can 6) could have

17、 done 有兩種含義。 其一，表示本來有能力做但實際上沒有； 其二，表示差點就，幸虧沒， 帶有幸而沒發(fā)生的語氣。 I could have walked to the station if I had known it was so near. You were stupid to throw the box out of the window. It could have hit someone. V. ought to , should 1) 也可表示較大的可能性，（推測） If he started at six, he ought to/ should be there now. I

18、t is nearly seven oclock now. Jack should be here at any moment.（應該，該） 2） 表示義務，責任, 都為應該的意思，可用于各種人稱。表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應該）、had better最好）、must（必須）漸強。 -Ought he to go? -Yes. I think he ought to. We ought to/ should listen carefully in class. You should be more careful in crossing the street. You ought

19、 to leave now if you dont want to miss the train. 3） should用于第一人稱，表示說話人的謙遜，客氣，委婉的語氣 You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞錯了 I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。 4） should用于引導的條件從句中，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，相當于“萬一” Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. If you should change your mind, please l

20、et us know. Take a thick coat in case it should get/ gets cold. 5) 用于動詞ask, advise, command, demand, insist, intend, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, order等之后的從句里，表示命令，忠告，要求，建議， (should)+ do / be done. The general ordered that his men (should) fire. The doctor urged that he( should) be op

21、erated on as soon as possible. He insisted that I should pay him the money. 7) 用于形容詞之后的從句里， 這樣的形容詞有important, essential, necessary, natural，用 (should) + do/ be done It is essential that every child should have the same educational opportunity. 8) why/ how should.結構中，表示說話人對某事不理解，感到意外，驚異等意思，意為“竟會” Why

22、 should you be so late today? 你今天怎么來得這么晚？ -Where is Betty living? -How should I know? 我怎會知道 I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認為這是。 9） should / ought to have done 表示本應該做而事實上未做某事，否定句表示不該做某事而事實上做了。 You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to

23、have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。） You shouldnt have cheated in the exam. ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。 VI. need的用法 1） 肯定句中作實義動詞 He needs to take a rest. He needs some time to think it over. The recorder needs repairing/ to be repaired 否定句中，作情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞 You neednt / dont need to do the exercise if

24、you find it too easy. -Need we stay behind after school? -Yes, you must. / No, you neednt -Do we need to stay behind after school? -Yes, we do/ No, we dont 2) neednt have done sth 本沒必要做某事,但實際做了。 I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot. There was plenty of t

25、ime. She neednt have hurried. You neednt have come to school. It is a holiday today. Cf: neednt have done / dont need to I didnt need to go to school that day as it was Sunday. We neednt have brought a camera with us. He has got one. He said that he would bring a camera with him, so I didnt need to

26、bring mine. VII. Dare 1) 情態(tài)動詞: dare/ dared + do , 否定形式為dare not/ dared not, 用于疑問，否定，條件句中 How dare you lay your hand on me? Dared he leave without permission? I wonder how he dared say that to the teacher. He dare not walk alone at night. I dared not go any further. If you dare do such a thing, you w

27、ill get into trouble. 2) 實義動詞：dare + to do,有時態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)量的 變化；否定句，疑問句需用其他助動詞的輔助, 否定句中to可省略。 He dares to do anything . / The little girl dares to speak before a large audience. I dare say he will fail. I wouldnt dare( to) interrupt him. He doesnt dare (to) walk alone at night. Does he dare to walk alone a

28、t night. He stood there, not daring to raise his head. VIII. shall, will 1) shall 用于疑問句，第一，三人稱，表示愿意效勞以征求同意，或提出建議征詢意見。 Shall I carry the luggage for you, Miss Li? Shall we have a meeting this afternoon? Someone is waiting for you ? Shall he come in? 2) 用于第二，三人稱陳述句中，可表示說話人給對方的命令，承諾，警告或恐嚇等。 Nothing sha

29、ll stop us from doing good. Everyone shall fight to death. You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall have the book when I finish reading. 3) will (1) 表示主語的愿意, 決心, 承諾. If you will listen to me, I will help you. (2) 表示物體的屬性,或人或動物的習性. The door wont open. Oil will float on water. Fish will die ou

30、t of water. The man will get angry over nothing. (3) 表示沒有固定時間的習慣. I will sometimes sit up late for exams sake. IX. used to would 1)都可表示過去習慣，但used to強調過去經(jīng)?；蛄晳T于做某事，但現(xiàn)在已不做了，強調與現(xiàn)在的對比，而 would 單純就表示過去的習慣行為 Illiteracy is still a problem, but it used to be worse. Sometimes she would bring me some small pres

31、ents when she was in a good mood. 2)used to 的否定形式是usednt to do / didnt use to do There used to be a tall tree here, usedn there/ didnt there? XI. had better表示最好 had better 相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。 had better do sth / had better not do sth It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. Shed better

32、 not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結果，意為本來最好。 You had better have come earlier. would rather表示寧愿 would rather do / would rather not do would rather do than do 寧愿而不愿。 還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示寧愿、寧可的意思。 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at th

33、is school. I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例題 -Shall we go skating or stay at home? -Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather 答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為寧愿，本題為疑問句，would 提前，所以選B。 XII. 一些

34、特殊含義和用法 1may 1) may 放在句首，表示祝愿。 May the world be full of love. May God bless you! 2) may 可用于讓步狀語從句中. Whatever faults he may have, selfishness is not one of them. However much he may admire her, he will never ask her to be his wife. 3) may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為不妨。 If that is the case, we may a

35、s well try. (cf: might do well to do sth. , had better do) 2. can 的慣用語 1） can but do 只好 We can but do our best. 我們只好盡全力了 2） cannot( choose / help) but do 不得不 ( cant help doing) I cant help but admire your courage. I cant choose but realize that I am wrong. 3） cant help doing不禁 I cant help liking her

36、 though she can be annoying sometimes. 4） cant too 無論也不過分,越越好 We cant be too careful while driving. 5) as as can be 。 得不能再，極為 She is as happy as can be. 她再快樂不過了 6) asas one can -asas possible 典型例題 1）-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C.could表示委

37、婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達，不能用could或might。 2）-Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 將不, 不會的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不應該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應用neednt。 3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday par

38、ty tomorrow. -_. A. I dont B.I wont C. I cantD. I havent 答案B.will既可當作情態(tài)動詞，表請求、建議、也可作為實義動詞表意愿、意志、決心，本題表示決心，選B。 Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told 答案A。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞 ought to 后，所以用have。 請試做下面幾題,呵呵.4) Be qui

39、ck! They _ for us at the school gate now. a. must have waited b. must wait c. must be waiting d. ought to have wait 5) Its getting dark, so we _. a. should stay outside b. had better not to leave c. might as well leave d. ought to be left 6) He _ the championship, but he got injured five minutes aft

40、er the game started. a. might win b. might have won c. can win d. can have won 7) We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. a. must have studied b. might study c. should have studied d. would study 8) The fire spread quickly but everybody _ escape in time. a. was able to b. would c. could

41、 d. might 9) Did you criticize him for his mistakes? Yes, but _ it. a. Id not rather do b. Id rather not have done c. I ought not to do d. Id rather not do 10) Ive tried many times, but the car just _. a. wont start b. wouldnt start c. doesnt start d. didnt start 初中英語語法專項習題1 ( ) 1 John_ come to see

42、us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. canC. has to D. must( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are able to( ) 3 -May I take this book out?-No, you_.A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a f

43、ever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese?-No, I_.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not2 ( ) 1 -He_ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may notC. may; cant D. may; mustnt( ) 2 -Shall I get one m

44、ore cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt( ) 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to( )

45、 5 _ I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do3 ( ) 1 The children_ play football on the road.A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must( ) 2 You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have to D. dont need to( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once?-No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not4 ( ) 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor.A. has not to B. dont have toC. havent to