C、D篇閱讀專練-2019-2020學(xué)年中考知識(shí)及解題技巧(人教新目標(biāo)版)(解析版)

1、中考CD篇閱讀一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題.審題讀題干，確定題目類型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式為：Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?(2)What does the writer pay the least attention to?(3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.(4)All of the following statements may be true/false except.(5)Which of the following is not the re

2、sult of.?(6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.?When/Where/Why/Who/How/What.?.解題(1)用略讀的方法通讀閱讀材料，對(duì)原文有一個(gè)大概的了解，掌握其主旨。(2)按文章的體裁，如記敘文、說(shuō)明文或議論文等及作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如forexample,first,second等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該在何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。(3)把主要精力放在尋找自己所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上?？焖偻ㄆx，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直至找到所需要的部分。待找到所需要的部分時(shí)，可放慢速度，細(xì)

3、讀要查找的內(nèi)容?！咎貏e提醒】細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要是對(duì)文中某個(gè)短語(yǔ)、句子、段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接或間接在文中找到，所以解題時(shí)務(wù)必牢記要忠于原文的上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。二、主旨大意題.審題讀題干，確定題目類型。主旨大意題的常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式為：(1)What s the main idea of this passage?(2)What does the passage mainly tell us?(3)What does the passage mainly discuss?(4)The writer means to tell us that(5)The main

4、 idea of the passage is that(6)The passage is mainly aboutFrom the passage we can learn/conclude that.(8)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with .(9)What s the best title for the passage?(10)What would be the best title for the passage?(11)The best title/headline(標(biāo)題)for the passage is.解題(1)中心思想

5、類的主旨大意題找準(zhǔn)全文的主題句是中心思想類的主旨大意題的關(guān)鍵。河北省中考試卷的文章多以演繹型文章為主，即提出觀點(diǎn)，然后列舉論據(jù)，舉例說(shuō)明。故文章多以總分關(guān)系為主，所以其主題句的常見位置為首段首句或首段尾 句。但也不排除歸納型文章，即列舉事例，然后歸納總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)，所以尾段首句和尾句也要多留意。(2)標(biāo)題類主旨大意題其常見解題技巧有：根據(jù)主題句確定標(biāo)題即先確定好本文的主題句，然后選擇和主題句一致的標(biāo)題。根據(jù)高頻詞匯確定標(biāo)題通覽全文看看哪些關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)頻率較高，那么就傾向于選擇含有這些關(guān)鍵詞的標(biāo)題。用好雙向法”即根據(jù)標(biāo)題內(nèi)容去推測(cè)文章應(yīng)該具體講些什么。反過(guò)來(lái)再根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容去結(jié)合標(biāo)題。兩個(gè)方向綜合考慮，就

6、可以選出正確標(biāo)題?！咎貏e提醒】主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文本中心思想的掌握和理解情況。解答這類試題時(shí)，一定不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，一定要結(jié)合主題句去做題。三、詞義猜測(cè)題.審題讀題干，確定題目類型。詞義猜測(cè)題的常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式為：(1)What s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese?(2)The underlined wordrefers to/probably means.(3)The underlined wordcould be replaced by.(4)What is the meaning of.?(5)Whi

7、ch of the following words can take the place of the word.?.解題(1)單詞釋義法在畫線單詞后可能會(huì)有 “” 或 “that means./that is to say.等表解釋說(shuō)明的句子 ”,這時(shí)只要把這句話理解到位,就能順利猜出畫線詞的詞義。(2)舉例法在畫線單詞后可能會(huì)有for example,such as等引導(dǎo)的例子，這時(shí)只要把這些例子讀懂，就能順利猜出畫線單詞的意思。(3)代入法將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)代入原文并結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行翻譯,可以結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容從感情基調(diào)、褒義、貶義等角度進(jìn)行各選項(xiàng)間的對(duì)比,這時(shí)就能順利猜出畫線單詞的意思。(4)構(gòu)

8、詞法有時(shí)可以結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè),即從合成詞、派生詞的前后綴、詞性和詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化的角度去考慮畫線單詞 ,這對(duì)于猜出畫線單詞的詞義較有幫助。四、推理判斷題審題讀題干,確定題目類型。推理判斷題的常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式為:(1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?(3)The writer suggests that.(4)The writer uses the example of.t

9、o show that.(5)What s the writer s attitude toward.?(6)What s the writer s purpose of writing the passage?(7)From the passage,we know.(8)The writer probably agrees that.2.解題(1)透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)通過(guò)閱讀文本,透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推斷文章的隱含意思,領(lǐng)悟作者的思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。(2)牢記一定以原文為前提一定要以原文為前提,根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)(非考生觀點(diǎn)),客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予邏輯推理 ,做出一定

10、解釋。【特別提醒】 推理判斷題一定要從作者的角度去考慮,不要固守自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。中考真題訓(xùn)練People like different colors. Girls always like pink or purple. Boys usually like blue or brown. Why people like different colors? Do you want to know the secrets of colors?Just read on.People like different colors because of their cultures and countrie

11、s. For the Egyptians, green is the color that represents the hope and joy of spring. For Muslims, green means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope. Chinese people think red can bring good luck to them in the New Year. In some cou

12、ntries, blue is a symbol of protection. Greek people often wear blue necklaces in order to protect themselves.People csoice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most relaxing color. It can make people relaxed. Red can cause a person blood pressu

13、re to rise and increase people s appetites. Many restauraowners will decorate their restaurants with red things. Red is also a color that can catch a person s eye easily. That is why some shopping websites always have red“ BUY NOW banother calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose app

14、etite. So if you want to lose weight, using blue bowls and plates may be helpful.I.The underlined word a represents probably meansin English.A.calls forB.stands forC.cares forD.prepares for2.Why do many restaurant owners like to use red things to decorate their restaurants?A.Because red can bring ho

15、pe and joy.B.Because red can bring them good luck.C.Because red can make customers eat more.D.Because red can catch customers eye easily.f you want to eat less, you can use bowls and plates.A.blueB.redC.greenD.pink.Which of the following is mentioned in the text?A.Why the Egyptians like red and blue

16、.BUY NOW buttons.B.What Chinese people think of black.C.Why shopping websites have redD.What the most popular colors for young people are.What s the best title for the text?B.Colors and their symbolsA.Teenagers favorite colorsC.Colors and culturesD.The secrets of colors【解析】 詞義猜測(cè)題。 由后文 “For Muslims,

17、green means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.可知畫線詞 represent的意思應(yīng)接近 mean懣思是）和is a symbol of（是的象征）“。A項(xiàng) 要求，提倡”，B項(xiàng) 汰表，象征”，C1關(guān)心，照顧”，而 為做準(zhǔn)備”?！皉epresent的意思可能是 “stands for選B?！敬鸢浮?C people s appetites. 可知答案應(yīng)為” C ?！窘馕觥客评砼袛囝}。由文章最后一段中的Redcan cause as blood pressure to rise and increase【答案】

18、A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“ So if you want to lose weight, using blue bowls and plates may behelpful. 可知答案應(yīng)為”A 。【答案】 C【解析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的 “That is why some shopping websites always have red BUY NOWbuttons. 可知應(yīng)選” C?！敬鸢浮?D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的 “Do you want to know the secrets of colors? Just read on. 可知文章是圍 ”繞Th

19、e secrets of colors展開白，故D項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題。You may know about “ junk food ” like French fries. But do you know about“ junk sleep ” ?Recently, a British survey found that electronic products in teenager s bedrooms are having a bad influence ontheir sleep.The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 1

20、6. It found that fifty percent of them got just 4 to 7hours sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.Almost a quarter of the kids said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV , listening to music or using electronic products.“ This is very worrying, ” said Dr Chris Id

21、zikowski, a British professor.“ We call it junk don t get enough sleep and the quality（ 質(zhì)量 ） of the sleep is bad, too. If you don t get a good rest, you can tperform well in school the next day.The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day, with girls between 13 and 16 feeling th

22、e worst.Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, an MP5 or a TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them have all the three.I.What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Junk food.B.Junk sleep.C.Electronic products.D.The importance of sleep. of the children in the survey sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day.A.200B

23、.250C.500D.1,000. “Junk food and junk sleep are similar to each other in the way. thatA.they are both low in qualityB.they are both needed in our lifeC.they are both enjoyed on weekendsD.they are both necessary for people s health.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Teenagers n

24、eed 4 to 7 hours of sleep each day.B.Few of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms.C.Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.D.Girls between 15 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products.Which should be the best choice to solve the problem?A.Parents must take t

25、he electronic products away from their children.B.Parents prevent the teenagers from using any electronic product.C.Teenagers should make a rule to spend less time on the electronic products.D.Teenagers should make a decision not to use the electronic products at school.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。由第一段第二句和整篇文章內(nèi)容

26、可知，全文是在講 垃圾睡眠.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。由第三段第一、二句可知,1,000的50%是500。.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。垃圾睡眠”像垃圾食品”一樣屬于低質(zhì)量的。倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到了。.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段和第三段可知。.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。 A 、 B 項(xiàng)太絕對(duì) ,D 項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是在學(xué)校不用,都不符合文意,C 項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是制定規(guī)則,少花時(shí)間用電子產(chǎn)品 ,比較合理。What should you do if there s an eartshcqhuoaokl?e Hatow can you protect yourself when you ar

27、e caught in astampede（踩踏）？ March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students（NDESEMSS）（ 全國(guó)中小學(xué)生安全教育日 ）. The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge abou

28、t safety and make sure their lives are safe.A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries（ 傷害 ）.What can we

29、do to keep ourselves safe？ Staying calm（ 鎮(zhèn)靜 ） is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice.A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to

30、push, stand still and try to hold on to something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands.Earthquakes are common natural disasters（災(zāi)難）.When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should s

31、tay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don t stay near buildings, trees or power lines.When there s a fire, follow the teachers instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth tcover your mouth and nose so that you don t breathe in smoke.What s the theme of NDES

32、EMSS this yea？rA.To give students more knowledge about accidents and make them run away.B.To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat healthily.C.To give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.D.To give students more knowledge about safety and make

33、sure their lives are safe.What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage？D.Cry loudly.A.Keep calm.B.Stand there.C.Run away.According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.B.If you

34、 fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there.C.When there s a fire, you should use cloth to cover yromuouth and nose.D.When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings and trees.What s the best title for this passage?A.Be afraid of accidentsB.How to protect yourselfC.Run

35、 away from accidentsD.The earthquake is coming【答案】 D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先要明確theme是主題的意思，然后根據(jù)第二段的第二句The theme of the day this yearis to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe. 可知答案為 D ?！敬鸢浮?A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的 Staying calm（鎮(zhèn)靜）is the first and most important rule when facing

36、 accidents. 可知發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)時(shí)我們要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。故選 A ?！敬鸢浮?C【解析】推理判斷題。由第三段第一句可知 A 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;如果在移動(dòng)的人群中摔倒了,要用雙手護(hù)住頭 ,所以 B選項(xiàng)中說(shuō)什么都不做,只是等待是不對(duì)的;如果發(fā)生地震,應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離建筑物和樹木,而 D 選項(xiàng)說(shuō)應(yīng)該靠近建筑物和樹木是不對(duì)的。所以本題選 C?！敬鸢浮?B【解析】主旨大意題。本篇文章講述了什么是全國(guó)中小學(xué)生安全教育日,及一旦發(fā)生踩踏、地震、火災(zāi)時(shí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎樣保護(hù)自己，所以B怎樣保護(hù)你自己”最合適。四A few weeks ago, I participated（ 參加 ）in a camping trip at Pitt

37、Lake. I spent three days and two nights there.It was a new experience for me, so I was both nervous and excited at first. Fortunately, the weather was beautiful, so we got off to a good start. Because there were so many participants including both instructors（ 教 練）and studentswe had one big canoe（獨(dú)木

38、舟）and one smaller canoe. I chose to be in the smaller canoe with my friend Mitra, but we soon found that this was not a wise choice. In order to keep up with the bigger canoe, we had to paddle（ 劃槳 ）hard. My arms quickly became sore and my hands became numb（ 麻木的 ）. To take our minds off the pain, Mit

39、ra and I played“ 20 questions ” while paddling. In this game, one person thinks of an object and the oth person asks 20 questions to try and work out what the object is. We had a good laugh before we finally arrived at the campsite.We started a campfire soon after we arrived. At night, we gathered a

40、round the fire, roasting marshmallows（ 棉 花糖）and listening to horror stories. Some of the other campers put their wet shoes and socks beside the fire to dry. However, because of the wind, one pair of socks almost caught fire. Everyone panicked（ 驚慌）one person got so scared that he fell out of his fold

41、ing chair. Everyone thought it was pretty funny!The time flew quickly. Soon, it was time to go back. We were not willing（愿意）to leave and agreed that wewould hang out together again sometime soon.The smaller canoe was a bad choice because.A.they fell out of it too easilyB.they had to paddle hard to c

42、atch up with the bigger canoeC.they couldn t move freely in the smaller canoeD.it was difficult to control the canoe.Mitra and the writer played20 questions in order toA.exercise their brainsB.keep a clear mindC.forget the painD.make friends with each other.They panicked at the campsite because .A.t

43、he wind almost set someone s socks on fireB.they were scared by a horror storyC.some of the students got lost in the forestD.one student fell out of his chair.How did the writer feel at the end of the trip?A.Nervous to stay there.B.Unwilling to leave.C.Excited to go home.D.Tired of taking the trip.W

44、hich of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.The camping trip is a new experience to the writer.B.They had something to eat when they were around the campfire.C.The writer reached the campsite by canoe.D.The writer went to the campsite with her sister.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的In order to keep

45、 up with the bigger canoe, we had to paddle（劃槳）hard.為 TOC o 1-5 h z 了趕上大船，我們不得不努力劃槳。故答案為B。.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的To take our minds off the pain, Mitra and I played a20questions whilepaddling.可知是為了忘記劃槳的痛苦。所以答案為C。.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的because of the wind, one pair of socks almost caught fire. Everyon

46、epanicked（驚慌）可知因?yàn)轱L(fēng)差點(diǎn)把襪子吹到火里，所以大家很驚慌。故答案為A。.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。由最后一段中的We were not willing（愿意）to leave可知大家都不愿意離開 所以選B,unwilling意思是不愿意的”。.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。文章中作者提到了她的朋友，但是沒(méi)有提到她的妹妹，所以選D。六Huawei is firing back against the US-led campaign（ 運(yùn)動(dòng)、 戰(zhàn)役 ）to push it out of major markets, insisting it s still on track to

47、 lead the world in the introduction of 5G technology.Despite efforts in markets creating fear for Huawei, using politics to interfere（ 干預(yù)）with growth, customers continue to trust us and continue to work with us and build networks with our technologies, Deputy Chairman（ 副董 事長(zhǎng)）Ken Hu told reporters in

48、 the Chinese city of Dongguan on Tuesday.Hu was speaking during a turbulent period for the Chinese company, one of the world bigsgest makers of smartphones and telecommunications equipment. Its chief financial officer Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under irrational arrest（不合理白逮捕 ）in Canada, facing possible ext

49、radition（弓 I渡）to the United States, and its products are coming under increasing scrutiny from businesses and governments over security（安全）concerns.Despite decisions this year by Australia and New Zealand to stop wireless operators（無(wú)線設(shè)備）from usingHuawei to build their 5G networks, Hu expressed confi

50、dence that the company s technology is“ significantly meadvanced thathat of its rivals（對(duì)手）,giving it a head start of 12 to 18 months and the ability to attract new customers.Huawei is good at according to the passage.C.designing earphonesA.producing computersB.international negotiationsD.5G technolo

51、gy development.Ms. Wanzhou Meng s case will be possible tramsfid（轉(zhuǎn)移）to .A.ChinaB.the USC.CanadaD.the United Nations.The meaning of the underlined word“ scrutiny in the pass age is ”A.introductionB.salesC.admiringD.examination.From the passage, we can know that Huawei faces big troubles mainly becaus

52、e .A.Huawei is a leader company in the worldB.Huawei commits a crime against other foreign countriesC.some countries are worried Huawei s products are not completely secureD.many countries build networks using Huaweitechnologies.What is the best title for this passage?A.Huawei is still a leader in 5

53、G development although facing troubles.B.Most foreign countries stop using Huawei s 5G technology and equipment.C.Huawei s CFO Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under arrest in Canda.D.The advanced and rapid development of 5G technology is made by Huawei.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的insisting it still on track to lead th

54、e world in the introduction of 5Gtechnology可知答案為D。.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的Its chief financial officer Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under irrational arrest（ 不合理的逮捕）in Canada, facing possible extradition（引渡）to the United States 可知要被轉(zhuǎn)移到美國(guó)，即 the US。.【答案】D【解析】 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù) its products are coming under increasing scrut

55、iny from businesses and governmentsover security（安全）concerns可知對(duì)它的產(chǎn)品增加了檢查力度，所以答案為D。.【答案】C【解析】 推理判斷題。由第三段中的its products are coming under increasing scrutiny from businesses andgovernments over security（安全）concerns可推知，華為面對(duì)的最大問(wèn)題是安全問(wèn)題。.【答案】A【解析】 主旨大意題。 由最后段中的Hu expressed confidence that the company s tec

56、hnology is cantgnifimore advancedthan that of its riva囿手工giving it a head start of 12 to 18 months and the ability to attract newcustomers可知，雖然現(xiàn)在華為面對(duì)困難，但是華為仍然是5G技術(shù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。七Primary and junior high school students in France will no longer be allowed to use mobile phones in school.On Dec. 10, France s Edu

57、cation Minister（部長(zhǎng)）Jean-Michel Blanquer said that mobile phones will be banned（禁止）from schools in France. This rule will go into effect in September 2018, The Guardian reported.Children will be allowed to bring their phones to school, but will not be allowed to use them at any time until they leave

58、school, even during breaks and lunchtime.“These days, the children don t play at break time anymore. They are just all in front of their smart phones andfrom an educational point of view that a soroblem, Blanqusaid. M3re than 8 in 10 teenagers in France had smart phones in 2015, compared to 2 out of

59、 10 in 2011.”While some people have welcomed the ban, a great number of teachers, students and parents are questioning it.Some schools plan to put all the students phones in one pHaemanatgiaethe end of school. Butit s not easy to do this.Val rie Sipahimalani, deputy head of a French teaching union p

60、ointed out that many schools have no space to keep the phones and teachers don t have the right to search students, the BBC noted.As to some parents and students, they believe students should be allowed to use their mobile phones when there is a dangerous situation.French schools will start to ban m