第三版新視野讀寫一(翻譯練習(xí)答案及分析(共21頁)

1、 Book One Unit OneTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese.Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基礎(chǔ)(jch) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writ

2、ings of his most famous student Plato, Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range

3、of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology(認(rèn)識論) and logic，and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His f

4、ame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect(宗派).譯文(ywn)：蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學(xué)家，被譽為現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)的奠基人。他是一個謎一般的人物，人們主要通過后來的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學(xué)生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。蘇格拉底以他對倫理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)而聞名。他的教學(xué)法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過提問和回答來激

5、發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。他還在認(rèn)識論和邏輯領(lǐng)域做出了重大而深遠(yuǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)。他的思想和方法所帶來的影響一直是后來的西方哲學(xué)的堅實基礎(chǔ)。蘇格拉底是古代哲學(xué)史上最豐富多彩的人物。他在他那個時代已威名遠(yuǎn)揚。雖然他未曾建立(jinl)什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。Translate the following paragraph into English. 注意(zh y)：主語(zhy) 系動詞(dngc)或謂語 表語或賓語 （定語） 狀語孔子（主語）是（系動詞）（中國歷史上著名的）（定語）思想家（表語）、教育家、是（

6、儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的）創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為（古代的）“圣人”（sage）。（他的）言論和生平活動記錄在論語（The Analects）一書中。論語是（中國古代文化的）經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究論語，就不能真正把握（中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)）文化。（孔子的很多）思想，尤其是（其）教育思想（主語同位語），對中國社會產(chǎn)生了（深遠(yuǎn)的）影響。 在21世紀(jì)的今天，（孔子的）學(xué)說不僅受到（中國人）重視，而且也越來越受到（整個國際社會的）重視。Translation:Confucius was （a great） thinker and educator （in

7、Chinese history.） He was the founder （of Confucianism） and was respectfully（狀語(zhungy)） referred to as （an ancient） “sage”. （His） words and life story were recorded in The Analects, An enduring classic （of ancient Chinese culture,） The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and

8、 statesmen （that came after Confucius.） Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand （the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese） culture. （Much of Confucius） thought, especially （his） thought （on education,） has had （a profound） influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, （C

9、onfucian） thought not only retains the attention （of the Chinese,） but it also wins （an increasing） attention （from the international community.） Unit TwoTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese. Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on December 25 by millions of people a

10、round the world. It commemorates(紀(jì)念) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular(非宗教(zngjio)的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today Christmas is observed as an important festival a

11、nd public holiday around the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries. Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and a special

12、meal preparation. To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend(傳說）has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival heighten econ

13、omic activity among both Christmas and non-Christmas, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for business. 譯文(ywn)： 圣誕節(jié)是一個被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在12月25日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早課追溯到公元336年。漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來慶祝。不同國家的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗也

14、各不相同。現(xiàn)代流行(lixng)的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動、擺放各種圣誕飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會以及準(zhǔn)備一頓特別的大餐。對小孩子們來說，這個節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。據(jù)傳說，圣誕老人會在圣誕夜從煙囪進(jìn)入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個重大活動和主要銷售季。Translate the following paragraph into English.每年(minin)農(nóng)歷（Chinese lunar calendar) 八月十五是（我國的傳統(tǒng)(chuntng)）節(jié)日

15、(jir)中秋節(jié)（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。這時是（一年秋季的）中期，所以被稱為中秋。（中秋節(jié)的一項重要）活動是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是（家庭團(tuán)圓的）時刻，（遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的）游子，會借此寄托（自己對故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之）情。（中秋節(jié)的）習(xí)俗很多，都寄托著（人們對美好生活的）熱愛和向往。自2008年，中秋節(jié)成為（中國的法定）節(jié)假日。Translation:According to the Chinese lunar calendar , August 15 （of every year） is （a traditional） festival -

16、the Mid-Autumn Festival. （This） day is the middle （of autumn）, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One （of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities） is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The

17、festival is also a time （for family reunion）. People （living far away from home） will express（ their） feelings （of missing their hometowns and families） at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autu

18、mn Festival has become （an official national） holiday （in China）.Unit ThreeTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese.The London Underground is a rapid transit(交通運輸系統(tǒng)(xtng) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due

19、 to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all started in the mid-1800s. The Tube was the worlds first underground train system, with the first section opening in 1863. Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece(杰作(jizu) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail tr

20、ack, 45% of which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest numbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as touri

21、sts visiting the city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon for London. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone(里程碑).譯文(ywn)：倫敦地鐵是英國的一個快速交通運輸系統(tǒng)，服務(wù)于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19世紀(jì)中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一

22、段地鐵于1863年開始運營。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個包括12條線路、275個車站、鐵軌總長超過250英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45%在地下運行。就路線長度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。作為一個走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬通勤者以及在節(jié)假日游歷(yul)倫敦首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個國際標(biāo)志。2013年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動，慶祝地鐵運營150周年，紀(jì)念這一里程碑。 11. Translate the following paragraph into English.中國(zhn u)航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年，幾十年來，中國航天

23、事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個又一個奇跡。1970年，中國成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個獨立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國家。1992年，中國開始實施載人航天飛行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中國成功發(fā)射了“神舟五號”載人飛船，使中國成為第三個發(fā)射載人飛船的國家。2007年發(fā)射了“嫦娥一號”，即第一顆繞月球飛行（lunar-orbiting）的人造衛(wèi)星。2013年，第五艘載人飛船“神舟十號”發(fā)射成功，為中國空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。Translation：Chinas space industry was launched in1956. Over t

24、he past decades, Chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight

25、 program. In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. In 2007 Change-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space. In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfull

26、y, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.Unit FourTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese.As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to the Chinese people. He traveled extensi

27、vely (廣泛(gungfn)地) with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. His book The Travels of Marco Polo depicts his journeys throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, including China, India, and Ja

28、pan. From his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time. The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the European voyages of discove

29、ry and conquest (征服(zhngf)。 In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime. Marco Polos story has inspired countless other adventurers to set off and see the world.譯文(ywn)： 作為通過中國游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可波羅可能是中國人最熟知的外國商人和航海家。從1271年到129

30、5年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。期間，他在中國留居了17年。他的著作馬可波羅游記描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次全面領(lǐng)略了包括中國、印度和日本在內(nèi)的遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的情況。從他的文字?jǐn)⑹鲋?，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火藥、印刷術(shù)、紙幣以及絲綢。在15世紀(jì)末和16世紀(jì)歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)與征服的大航海時代，馬可波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用。在他去世的這個幾個世紀(jì)里，馬可波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽。馬可波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無數(shù)的探險者去踏上征程，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。Translate the following paragraph into English.鄭和是中國(zhn u)歷

31、史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。公元1405年，明朝的統(tǒng)治者為了穩(wěn)固邊防（border defense）和開展海上(hi shn)貿(mào)易，派鄭和下西洋（the Western Sea）。在此后的28年里，鄭和帶領(lǐng)船隊七下西洋，前后出海的人員有10多萬人，訪問了30多個國家和地區(qū)。船隊縱橫南亞、西亞，一直到非洲大陸。鄭和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壯舉，它展現(xiàn)了鄭和卓越的航海和組織才能，同時展現(xiàn)了明朝的國力和國威（national strength and prestige）, 加強(qiáng)了明朝和海外各國之間的關(guān)系。Translation：Zheng He w

32、as the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas w

33、ith over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions. The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. Zheng Hes voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the worlds navigation history. It showed Zheng Hes

34、 outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.Unit FiveTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese.The first written records o

35、f the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 BC. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus(宙斯(zhu s).The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of eq

36、ual dimensions, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The Olympic truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th Olympic Games were held in Paris. Some 3,000 athletes from 44 nations compe

37、ted that year, and for the first time the Games featured a closing ceremony. The Winter Olympics debuted (問世(wnsh)that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned to Athens for the first time in m

38、ore than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from 201 countries competed, breaking the record of participating countries.譯文(ywn)：有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運動會的最早文字記載課追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運會每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日與9月19日之間的一個紀(jì)念宙斯(zhu s)的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。奧運會的標(biāo)志由五個大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來自世界各地運動員的大聚會。奧運會真正騰飛、成為一項國際體育盛會是在1924年之后，

39、即第8屆奧運會在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來自44個國家約3,000名運動員同場競技，并且第一次在奧運會增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運會首次亮相，比賽項目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季兩項運動。80年后，2004年夏季奧運會在相隔一個多世紀(jì)再次在雅典舉辦，來自201個國家的近11,000名運動員展開競技，創(chuàng)下參賽國數(shù)量之最。11. Translate the following paragraph into English.太極拳（Tai Chi）是一種(y zhn)武術(shù)（martial arts）項目，也是一種健身運動，在中國有著悠久的歷史。太極拳動作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的

40、人練習(xí)。太極拳既可防身，又能強(qiáng)身健體，因而深受中國人喜愛。太極拳在發(fā)展的過程中，借鑒并吸收了中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容（elements）,成為特色鮮明的一項運動。作為中國特有的一種運動形式，太極拳也越來越受到眾多外國朋友的喜愛。Translation：Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any

41、age, sex, or body type to practice. It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people. During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy medicine, and martial arts, a

42、nd it has developed into a sport with unique features. As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.Unit Six10. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Gap year (間隔年) refers to a period of time-not necessarily a year- in which students t

43、ake time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work. The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university. During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake (承擔(dān)) a working holiday abroad. A new trend is to participa

44、te in international education programs that combine language study, home stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study. The practice of taking a year out developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and

45、 Canada. In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off remains the exception(例外(lwi)）. But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans. Some 40,000American students participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006

46、, Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer (延期）admission.譯文(ywn)：間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅游或工作等的一段時間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前的一段時間。在這段時間里，學(xué)生可以旅游、參加志愿者工作或者在國外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加集語言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體

47、的國際教育活動。間隔年的做法于20世紀(jì)60年代興起于英國。它在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國，間隔年的做法仍然只是個別現(xiàn)象。不過近年來，間隔年對美國人來說變得稍微普遍起來(q li)。2013年有大約四萬美國學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。Translate the following paragraph into English.改革開放以來，中國的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。中國政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位，堅持科教興國（revitalize the co

48、untry）,全面提倡素質(zhì)教育（quality-oriented education）。同時，積極推進(jìn)(tujn)教育公平，保障人人有受教育的機(jī)會。中國的教育成就反映在兩個不同的層面：一個是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育（nine-year compulsory education）, 另一個是實現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（mass higher education）。教育的發(fā)展為中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。今年來，為適應(yīng)社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。Translation：Since its economic reform and opening-up to the

49、 world, Chinas education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. Meanwhile, it active

50、ly promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. Chinas achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass higher education. The development of education

51、 has made significant contributions to Chinas economic development and social progress. In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.Unit SevenTranslate the following

52、 paragraph into Chinese.The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs. The most important thing to understand Americans is probably their devotion (深愛) to “individualism”. They have been trained since very early in their lives t

53、o consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destiny. Americans view themselves as highly individualistic in their thoughts and actions. They resist being thought of as representatives of any homogeneous (由同類(tngli)組成的) group. When

54、they do join groups, they believe they are special, just a little different from other members of the same group. Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans assign privacy. Americans assume people “need some time to themselves” or “some time alone” to t

55、hink about things or recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person and who dislike being alone.譯文(ywn)：在所有美國人的信念中，最基本、最強(qiáng)烈(qin li)的信念可能就是崇尚個人自由。要理解美國人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對“個人主義(grnzhy)”的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨立的個

56、體，對人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運負(fù)責(zé)。美國人認(rèn)為自己的思想和行為高度個性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質(zhì)群體的代表。如果確實加入了群體，他們也認(rèn)為自己有特別之處，于同一個群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。與美國人對個人主義賦予的價值緊密相關(guān)的是他們對個人隱私的重視。美國人認(rèn)為，人“需要有自己的時間”或者“有時間獨處”，用來思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國人很難理解那些總想與人結(jié)伴、不愛獨處的外國人。Translate the following paragraph into English.為人誠信(chn xn)，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德?！昂汀钡乃枷塍w現(xiàn)在很多方面。在處理(

57、chl)人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張“和為貴”以及(yj)“家和萬事興”，從而創(chuàng)造一個和諧的社會環(huán)境。在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會認(rèn)識自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人與人、人與社會、人與自然都需要“和諧”。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，“和”的思想更加深入人心。中國正在向構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。Translation：Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. “Harmony” is demonstrated in various aspects. In regar

58、d to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that “Harmony is most precious” and “A family that lives in harmony will prosper”. A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles. As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to unders

59、tand, respect and protect nature. Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature. Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. With the development of

60、 Chinas society, economy and culture, the idea of “harmony” goes even deeper into peoples hearts. China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society.Unit EightTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese.As the worlds only truly universal global organization, the United