研究生學(xué)術(shù)綜合英語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充課文的原文翻譯和習(xí)題答案

1、Lesson OneSpell of the Rising MoonREADING COMPREHENSIONAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements.D (But it is the drama of the moonrise that I cometo see. For that restores in mea quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely.)D ( There have been broad, confident harves

2、t moonsin autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and then calmed my soul.)C (To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as

3、 unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it becamefull-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset. They knew the waning moonrose later each night until it vanished in the s

4、unrise.)B (Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence.)B (I learned about its gifts one July evening in the mountains.My car had mysteriously stalled, and I was stranded and a

5、lone.)B (To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual stillness within ourselves.)D (On that July night, I watched the moon for an hour or two, and then got back into the car, turned the key in the ignition and heard the engine start, just as mysteriously as it had stalled a few ho

6、urs earlier.)A (I return often to the rising moon. I am drawn especially when events crowd ease and clarity of vision into a small corner of my life.)A (Of Beethovens Moonlight Sonata and of Shakespeare, whose Lorenzo declaims in The Merchant of Venice, /How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank

7、! / Here will we sit and let the sounds of music/Creep in our ears. I wonder if their verse and music, like the music of crickets, are in some way voices of the moon.)A (The whole passage.)Global understanding and logical structuresComplete the following notes with the information, from the text:The

8、 author often climbs the hill near his home at night to watch the drama of the moonrise because it can restore in him a quiet and clahty that the dty spends too freely.To the author the different mood and color of the moon are:In autumn: broad, confident harvestIn spring: shy, mistyIn winter: lonely

9、, whiteIn summer: smoke-smudged orangeA. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as heartbeat.To contemporary people live indoors few can say what time the moon will rise tonight.But if we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, we are helpless but to stare back at 讓s commanding prese

10、nce.The moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch it:Example: One July evening in the mountains, the authors car mysteriously stalled, and he was stranded and alone.He took the advantage to watch the moonrise for an hour or two.When he got back into the car, the engine started just as mysterious

11、ly as it had stalled a few hours earlier.Later on the author often returns to the rising moon when events crowd ease an clahty of vision into a small corner of my life.He listens to the sound of owls and cricketsand thinks the beautiful music and poems about the moon.At moonrise, people open the ven

12、ts of feeling and exercise parts of our minds that reason locks away by day.VOCABULARYChoose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. BChoose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use ea

13、ch word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.1. swoop 2. cricket 3. smudged 4. Stalled 5. tugs at6. stay clear of 7. slipped into 8. crowded into 9. loom up 10. strandedIII. CLOZE1. just as 2. permanent 3. depend on 4. phase 5. shadow6. Resembling 7. lunar 8. closer 9. ill

14、uminated 10. waningTRANSLATIONPut the following parts into Chinese.ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSIONHow does the author describe the moonrise? Is it the same as you see it?The sun had set, and I was watching what seemedto be the bright-orange glow of a forest fire beyond a ridge to the east. Suddenly, th

15、e ridge itself seemed to burst into flame. Then, the rising moon, huge and red and grotesquely misshapen by the dust and sweat of the summeratmosphere, loomed up out of the woods.Distorted thus by the hot breath of earth, the moon seemed ill-tempered and imperfectBut as the moonlifted off the ridge

16、it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemedto draw light out of the darkening earth, for as it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and the co

17、lor of ivory, the valleys were deep shadows in the landscapeThe drama took an hour. Moonrise is slow and serried with subtleties 。Moonrise is a natural phenomenon. The main part of this essay is the description of it full of the authors emotions and thoughts associated with it. Pick out the authors

18、most beautiful descriptions with similes, metaphors and personification.From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one had its own mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn, shy, misty moonsin spring; lonely, white winter moonsrising into the utter silence of an ink-bla

19、ck sky and smoke-smudgedorange moonsover the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited myheart and then calmed my soul.(And others referring to the first question.)One July evening in the mountains, the authors car mysteriously stalled, and he was stranded and alone, but after watching th

20、e moonrise for an hour or two the engine started mysteriously again. Do you think it was the spell of the rising moon? Open.We Chinese often associated the full moon with family reunion, our hometown and our motherland if we are abroad. Can you tell what people do whenwe Chinese celebrate the festiv

21、als associated with the moonsuch as the Lantern Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival? And why?Open.Find out the famous Chinese poemsabout the moon, and try to translate the following poem into English.李白詩(shī)一首床前明 月光， Before my bedThere is bright moonlight疑是地上霜.So that it seemsLike frost on the ground.舉

22、頭望明月,Lifting my headI watch the bright moon, 低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。Lowering my headI dream that Im home.Another poem for reference:李白詞一首秋風(fēng)清，秋月明 The autumn wind is light落葉聚還散 寒鴉棲復(fù)驚 相思相見(jiàn)知何日 此時(shí)此夜難為情The autumn moon is bright;Fallen leaves gather but then disperse,A cold crow roosts but again he stirs;pain.I think of yo

23、u, and wonder when Ill see you again?At such an hour,on such a night,cruel is lovesTranslation of the Text月亮升起來(lái)彼得斯坦哈特我家附近有座小山。晚上，我常爬上山去。此時(shí)，城市的喧囂成了遙遠(yuǎn)的低語(yǔ)。 在這黑夜的靜謐中，我可以盡情分享蟋 蟀的歡樂(lè)，感受貓頭鷹的自信?？晌疑仙绞莵?lái)看月出的，因?yàn)檫@可以讓我重新得 到在城市中失去的寧?kù)o與清新。在這座山上，我已欣賞過(guò)許多次月亮升起的景象。 每一次月的姿容脾性都有 所不同。秋天，滿月如輪，充滿自信；春天，月亮灰蒙蒙，羞羞答答；冬天，銀 白的月亮掛在漆黑

24、的、悄無(wú)聲息的夜空中，顯得那般孤寂；夏天，橘黃的月似被 煙塵籠罩，俯瞰干燥的田野。每一種月亮，都像美妙的音樂(lè)，震動(dòng)我的心靈，令 我的靈魂平靜。觀月自古有之。在遠(yuǎn)古的獵人眼里，月亮如同心跳一樣準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。他們知道 每29天，月亮都要變得明亮飽滿，然后萎縮、消失，然后又再?gòu)?fù)活；他們知道， 月盈期間，每經(jīng)一次日落，頭頂?shù)脑铝辆蜁?huì)顯得更高更大；他們還知道月虧期間， 月亮每晚都要遲遲升起，待到日出才落。他們竟能從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中了解到月亮的行蹤變 化，真可謂心深意廣。但我們這些人卻因深居室內(nèi)，與月亮失去了聯(lián)系。城市炫目的街燈、污濁的 煙塵掩蓋了夜晚的天空。雖然人類已在月亮上行走過(guò)，但月亮對(duì)于我們卻更加陌 生了。有幾

25、人能說(shuō)得出今晚月亮?xí)讜r(shí)升起。但無(wú)論怎樣，月亮依舊牽動(dòng)我們的心靈。倘若我們偶爾遇見(jiàn)一輪黃燦燦的滿 月高懸中天，誰(shuí)都會(huì)禁不住停下來(lái)凝神仰望她尊貴的姿容。 而月亮也向注視她的 人賜予厚禮。我了解到她的饋贈(zèng)是在山間七月的一個(gè)夜晚。 我的車突然熄火，將我孤身一 人網(wǎng)在山中。太陽(yáng)已經(jīng)西沉，我看見(jiàn)東邊山頭涌出一團(tuán)橘紅色的明光， 好像森林 起火一般，俄而山頭自己也似乎迸出火焰，一會(huì)兒，大大的月亮漲紅著臉，從密 林中鬼魅似地鉆了出來(lái)，夏天空氣中彌漫的塵霧與汗氣把它變得丑陋不堪。大地灼熱的呼吸扭曲了它，它變得格外暴噪，不再完美。附近農(nóng)舍的狗緊張 地狂吠起來(lái)，以為這團(tuán)奇怪的光亮叫醒了野草中的魔鬼。然而當(dāng)月亮緩緩升

26、起，離開(kāi)山頭，它變得堅(jiān)定、威嚴(yán)；它的面孔也由紅變成 了橘紅，又變成金色，最后是平靜的明黃色。它似乎從漸暗的大地中吸取了光明， 因?yàn)殡S著它的升起，下面的丘陵山谷愈來(lái)愈黯淡朦朧。待到皓月當(dāng)空，滿月如盤， 閃爍著象牙般乳白的清輝，山谷便成了風(fēng)景中一片片幽深的陰影。 那些狗明白了 那團(tuán)光原是它們熟悉的月亮，也安定下來(lái)，停止了吼叫。霎時(shí)間，我也覺(jué)得信心 倍增，心情舒暢，近乎笑了起來(lái)。這奇特的景觀持續(xù)了一個(gè)小時(shí)。月出是緩慢的，充滿神奇。觀看月出，我們得回到過(guò)去那種對(duì)時(shí)間的耐心中去。觀看月亮不可阻擋地升到空中就能讓我們內(nèi) 心安寧，我們的神思能讓我們看到宇宙的廣漠和大地的寬闊， 能讓我們忘掉自己。 我們覺(jué)得自

27、身渺小，卻又深感大自然的厚待。月色下，我們看不到生活中堅(jiān)硬的棱角。山坡在月光下如同籠上了柔和的輕 紗，一片銀白；海水在月光下碧藍(lán)而靜謐；我們?cè)谠鹿庀乱膊辉傧癜兹漳前憔?算計(jì)，而是沉醉于自然的情感中。這個(gè)時(shí)候，奇特的事發(fā)生了。在那個(gè)七月的夜晚，我看了一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的月景 后，回到車中，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鑰匙點(diǎn)火，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)居然響了起來(lái)，就像幾個(gè)小時(shí)前熄火那般 突然而神秘。我驅(qū)車沿著山路回家，肩上披著明月，心靈一片寧?kù)o。后來(lái)我常回到山上觀月，尤其是在接踵而來(lái)的事使我身心疲憊、頭暈眼花時(shí)。 這種境況經(jīng)常發(fā)生在秋天，這時(shí)我就登上那座小山，守候獵人的月亮出現(xiàn)，等著 那金色的圓月俯照大地，為黑夜帶來(lái)光明。一只貓頭鷹自山頭俯沖

28、下來(lái)，靜悄悄地如一團(tuán)火焰閃過(guò)，一只蟋蟀在草叢長(zhǎng) 鳴。我想起了詩(shī)人和音樂(lè)家，想起了貝多芬的“月光奏鳴曲”和莎士比亞筆下威 尼斯商人中洛倫佐的話：“月光沉睡在這岸邊多么輕柔！/我們要坐在這里讓音 樂(lè)之聲/潛入我們的耳內(nèi)?！蔽也恢浪麄兊脑?shī)篇與音樂(lè)，連同蟋蟀的歌聲，是 否都可算作月的聲音。想到這些，我那些城市化的昏亂心緒也融化在了夜的幽靜 之中。戀人和詩(shī)人在夜里能找到生活更深刻的意義。 其實(shí)我們都愛(ài)問(wèn)一些深刻的問(wèn) 題一一我們的祖先是什么？我們的命運(yùn)在哪里？我們不喜歡那些統(tǒng)治著白天世 界的刻板的幾何教科書，都愿意沉溺于永遠(yuǎn)找不到答案的謎團(tuán)中。 在夜里，我們 都成了哲人和神秘主義者。月出之時(shí)，當(dāng)我們放慢

29、自己的思想，讓它跟隨天圍的腳步，一種心醉神迷的 感覺(jué)就會(huì)流遍全身。我們會(huì)打開(kāi)情感的窗口，會(huì)讓白天被理智鎖住的那部分思緒 盡情奔涌。我們有越過(guò)遙遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)空，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)古獵人的低語(yǔ)，再次看到很久以前的 戀人與詩(shī)人眼中的世界。Lesson TwoEthics and CompetitivenessPreparing to ReadTips for the teacherThe text is about ethics in business; hence the purpose of this exercise is to let the students understand how important

30、 ethics is in doing business. The teacher can adopt several steps achieving the aim. First, let the students talk about the various businesses that involve ethics. Second, let the students understand the dangers of illegal business practices in American or Chinese corporations, so that the students

31、interest in the text will be aroused.Background InformationIntroduction to the author and the text: John F. Akers, born on 28Dec. 1934 chairman and CEO of IBM 1985-1993.A graduate of Yale, Mr. Akers joined IBM in 1960 as a sales trainee in San Francisco following active duty as a Navy carrier pilot.

32、 After various marketing assignments, he was named president of the Data Processing Division, then IBMs largest domestic marketing unit, in 1974 at age 39. He became a vice president in 1976, a senior vice president in 1982 and president in 1983. This article Ethics and competitiveness - putting fir

33、st things first was first published in 1989 in Sloan Management Review, winter, 69-71.American Education System:Most Americans attend twelve years ofprimary and secondary school. With a secondary school high school) diploma or certificate, a student can enter college, university, vocational (job tra

34、ining) school, secretarial school, and other professional schools.Primary and Secondary School: Begins around age six for U.S. children. They attend five or six years of primary school. Next they go to secondary school, which consists of either two three-year programs or a three-year and a four-year

35、 program. These are called middle school or junior high school and senior high school (often just called “high s chool). Americans call these twelve years of primary and secondary school the first through twelfth grades.Higher Education: After finishing high school (twelfth grade), U.S. students may

36、go on to college or university. College or university study is known as “higher education. You should find out which level of education in your country corresponds to the twelfth grade in the U.S.A. You also should ask your educational advisor or guidance counselor whether you must spend an extra ye

37、ar or two preparing for U.S. admission. In somecountries, employers and the government do not recognize a U.S. education if a student entered a U.S. college or university before heor she could enter university at home.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882): American poet, one of the most popular and

38、 celebrated poets of his time. Born in Portland, Maine (then in Massachusetts), Longfellow was educated at Bowdoin College. After graduating in 1825 he traveled in Europe in preparation for a teaching career. He taught modern languages at Bowdoin from 1829 to 1835. In late 1835, during a second trip

39、 to Europe, Longfellows wife, Mary Storer Potter, died in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Longfellow returned to the United States in 1836 and began teaching at Harvard University. In 1843 he remarried, to Fanny Appleton. After retiring from Harvard in 1854, Longfellow devoted himself exclusively to wri

40、ting. He was devastated when in 1861 his second wife was burned to death in a household accident. He commemorated her shortly before his own death with the sonnet The Cross of Snow (1879). In 1884 a bust of Longfellow was placed in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he was the first Am

41、erican to be thus honored.人生頌?zāi)昵嗳说男膶?duì)歌者說(shuō)的話 朗費(fèi)羅不要在哀傷的詩(shī)句里告訴我：“人生不過(guò)是一場(chǎng)幻夢(mèng)！”靈魂睡著了，就等于死了， 事物的真相與外表不同。 人生是真切的！人生是實(shí)在的! 它的歸宿決不是荒墳；“你本是塵土，必歸于塵土” 這是指軀殼，不是指靈魂。 我們命定的目標(biāo)和道路 不是享樂(lè)，也不是受苦； 而是行動(dòng)，在每個(gè)明天 都超越今天，跨出新步。 智藝無(wú)窮，時(shí)光飛逝； 這顆心，縱然勇敢堅(jiān)強(qiáng)， 也只如顰鼓，悶聲敲動(dòng)著， 一下又一下，向墳地送喪。 世界是一片遼闊的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)， 人生是到處扎寨安營(yíng)； 莫學(xué)那聽(tīng)人驅(qū)策的啞畜， 做一個(gè)威武善戰(zhàn)的英雄！ 別指望將來(lái)，不管它多可愛(ài)

42、！ 把已逝的過(guò)去永久掩埋！ 行動(dòng)吧-趁著活生生的現(xiàn)在！ 心中有赤心，頭上有真宰！A Psalm of LifeHenry Wadsworth LongfellowTell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art,to dust retu

43、rnest, Was not spoken of the soul.Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,Is our destined end or way;But to act, that each to-morrowFind us farther than to-day.Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beatingFuneral marches to the grave.In the w

44、orlds broad field of battle,In the bivouac of life,Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife!Trust no Future, howeer pleasant!偉人的生平啟示我們： 我們能夠生活得高尚， 而當(dāng)告別人世的時(shí)候， 留下腳印在時(shí)間的沙上； 也許我們有一個(gè)兄弟 航行在莊嚴(yán)的人生大海， 遇險(xiǎn)沉了船，絕望的時(shí)亥IJ, 會(huì)看到這腳印而振作起來(lái)。 那么，讓我們起來(lái)干吧， 對(duì)任何命運(yùn)要敢于擔(dān)戴； 不斷地進(jìn)取，不斷地追求, 要善于勞動(dòng)，善于等待。Let the dead Past

45、 bury its dead! Act, - act in the living Present! Heart within, and God oevhead! Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us. Footprints on the sand of time.; Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing oer lifes solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecke

46、d brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait.NotesLet me urge at the outset that 皿 of us in management look at both these wards ethics and competitiveness with a wtde angle of vision. t

47、Para. I): Let me advice you at the very beginning that all of us in management look at both these words in a perspective which will enable us to consider something that is normally missed.at the outset: al Ibe beginningeg You should explain this to him al the outset.we should think not just as manag

48、ers focusing on a narrow preserve labeled business ethics 4 h: we should not think as managers paying attention io a narrow area classified as business ethicspreserve 口： separate place； an area of land kept in its natural sia* especially for wild animals to live in to be protectedNo society anywhere

49、 will compete very long or successfully with everything requiring notarized confirmation because you can!t trust the other iellaw, Para, 2): Not a sing旭 society where people dont trust each other and need belief confimiation from an authority will ever last long or compete successfully.notarized con

50、firm a lion: assurance (that sth is true) certified by a public notarywith every little squabble ending in irtigation (Para.21: with every small quarrel settled in court. tying business hand and foot to keep it honest, f&m 2)：. forcing businessmen to be honestbe tied to: If you are tied to a job, pl

51、ace or personh you are forced to stay with them:e.g. I felt tied to the* job while 1 had a mortgage to pay.That is a recipe for headaches in running a company (Para. 3)： Thal is likely lo be the difficulties mvaived in managing a company Thal here refers tn Lhe previous sentLince in paragraph 2, i.e

52、. a society with people stabbing Rar:h other in the back; with penpld trying to steal from each other： with everything requiring notarized confinuation; with every little squabble ending in litigation etc.be a recipe for disaster / trouble / success, etc,; be very likely Lo become a disaster/success

53、, etc. e.g. Al those children unsupervised sounds to me like a recipe for disasb?rThere is no escaping this fact: the greater the measure of mutual trust and confidence in the ethics of a society, the greater its economic strength, fPara.3)： It is impussihle for us to ignore this fact, i.e4 the more

54、 people tnist each othfli and have confidfince in others, tiie mom prosperous the social and economic(ievE?Ioprnent will be.I do not say the sky is falling here m the United States. (Para. 4)： I dont mean to say that we here id the United States are confronting a desperate and hopeless situation. OR

55、 1 think we have problttins, but Im optimistic, too,I do not think we had a great ethical height tn the good old days from which weve been tumbling downhUL (Pura. 4)： I do not mean io say that in the past we had a very good siluation of ethics, i.e. we had achieved high moral slandard, from which wh

56、 have fallen down to the lower standard nowadays.W. Wall Street brokers who profit from their insider status.Pentagon employees who sell classified information, tPara.4)： dealers in Wall Street who guts profit because nf nasy-to-gnL confidential news acquired by some invulvenieyit with certain nompa

57、nies employees from the Departmfint of Defense who sell some cunGdentia information for benefits,classified infhrniation: information forbidden to be disclosed for reasoiis of naGonal ur military securityBut most of us can agree with Thomas Jefferson that all human beings are endowed with a moral se

58、nse that the average farmer behind a plow can decide a moral question as well as a university professor, (Para. 4): But must of us can agree with ThoniEis Jefferson Lhat all human beings arc born with a moral sense that a common famiFr can decide what is right and whal is wrong in trms of morality a

59、s a university professor.That common moral sense, however, does not come out of nowhere or perpetuate itself automatically. Every generation must keep it alive and flourishing All of us can think of means to this end. iPara. 5),- That common sen5e of morality, however, does not come out of nowhere o

60、r last forever automatically. Every geDeratioD must keep it alive and active and make it be continued. All of us can think of methods to achieve this goalParents and others who by precept and example set us straight on good and evil, right and wrong. (Para. 6)； Parents and others who through their w