英語(yǔ)高考閱讀七選五的命題思路及答題策略分析

1、2015年高考英語(yǔ)七選五專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練第一部分：英語(yǔ)高考閱讀七選五的命題思路及答題策略五.做題技巧和策略。.辨別語(yǔ)境線索語(yǔ)境線索主要指反應(yīng)上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段,如 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)、邏輯、連接、指 稱、同構(gòu)等。詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)是指詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn),但這里不是指詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單重現(xiàn)，而是指某詞語(yǔ)可能以不 同詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。比如： read, reading, reader, readers 。 還可能是以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。（關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)）邏輯是事物之間在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、歸 納總結(jié)關(guān)系、總分總關(guān)系等。在也是指用連接詞或連接語(yǔ)表明

2、上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and, however等。（并列關(guān)系、 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。）指稱是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如 he, she, they , it?；匾彩侵干舷挛氖褂昧送换蝾愃频木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)。.分析短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、把握全篇文脈是解題的關(guān)鍵 。語(yǔ)篇通常由段落構(gòu)成，所以分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu) 包括兩個(gè)層次：一是分析段落之間的層次，也就是語(yǔ)篇層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落部的層次， 即句際層次。尤其是選項(xiàng)與前（后）句之間的邏輯關(guān)系和信息聯(lián)系，是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。 六.解題思路及要領(lǐng)通讀整篇文章，把握整段語(yǔ)脈，理出文章的中心。根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)確定有幾個(gè)句子。除中心詞、關(guān)鍵詞外，將所有句子按意

3、義分出層次，如果是承接、平列、層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則可 分為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的層次，如果是解釋、轉(zhuǎn)折一般就可以一分為二。再分析各層次之間的關(guān)系。最后檢查核對(duì)層次劃分有無錯(cuò)誤。如一篇文章或語(yǔ)段有幾個(gè)句子單位，幾個(gè)層次，特別是 長(zhǎng)難句構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)段層次是否明確。七.正確選項(xiàng)特征：1、放進(jìn)去通順，這一點(diǎn)是基礎(chǔ)。凡不通順的必錯(cuò)無疑；2、選項(xiàng)與其上句或下句之間有必然的邏輯關(guān)系；3、選項(xiàng)全部容都屬于正確答案所在段；4、選項(xiàng)中有單詞、詞組、句子成分或與所選答案所在段容相匹配或重合；例如：上面第2項(xiàng)所指的邏輯關(guān)系主要是指代詞關(guān)系、冠詞關(guān)系以及連接詞關(guān)系等。例如，代詞關(guān)系方面，如果所選答案中有 he, him, his等詞，這

4、就意味著空前面必然出現(xiàn) 了a boy, a mar#詞或人名。如果這些詞在空后面出現(xiàn)，就意味著正確答案中必有a boy, a man 等詞或人名。冠詞方面，如果正確答案中出現(xiàn)了定冠詞the ,則空前將有不定冠詞a（n）或與之相應(yīng)的名 詞等出現(xiàn)。如果定冠詞第一次出現(xiàn)在空后，則意味著空里所需的答案中會(huì)有不定冠詞a（n）或相應(yīng)的名詞等出現(xiàn)。連接詞方面，如果but ,however等出現(xiàn)在答案中，則意味著該答案與空前部分含義是相反的，但同時(shí)又與空后的容在含義上是一順的或一致的；如果答案中有for another ,前面不遠(yuǎn)處會(huì)有for one thing ,如果答案中有other（s）,前面不遠(yuǎn)處會(huì)有

5、some,如果答案中有second, 前面不遠(yuǎn) 處會(huì)有first 等等。需要注意的是for one thing.for another., some.other（s）., first.second.等這些組合既可能出現(xiàn)在同一段落中，也可能分別出現(xiàn)在相鄰兩段的句首。八.關(guān)于大小標(biāo)題無論什么樣的閱讀題，只要有大小標(biāo)題，難度就大為降低了。七選五中需要注意的：A.大小標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)，大標(biāo)題是對(duì)全文的概括總結(jié)，小標(biāo)題是對(duì)其下面段落的概括總結(jié)；B.大標(biāo)題每個(gè)實(shí)詞的首字母都大寫（單憑這一點(diǎn)就很難出錯(cuò)），幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題之間長(zhǎng)短基本 一致，用詞的特點(diǎn)相同，且小標(biāo)題一般都以動(dòng)詞開頭，沒有主語(yǔ)；C.好多時(shí)候，只要答案與小標(biāo)

6、題中的詞匯重合了，也就正確了。九.七選五的做題順序七選五應(yīng)先看備選答案，把其中隱含的代詞、冠詞、連接詞所揭示的在邏輯關(guān)系搞清楚。 然后再看文章，在讀文章的過程中不但要確定正確答案，還要同時(shí)排除錯(cuò)誤答案。本題即將 做完時(shí)，如果有兩個(gè)答案搞不準(zhǔn)，不妨試著把兩個(gè)答案換一下位置，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)換了之后更通 順，更符合邏輯，那就意味著5分（4乘以1.25）到手了。做完題后，看一眼剩下的兩個(gè)落選答 案，如果清晰地知道它們?yōu)槭裁绰溥x，本題型就得滿分了，如果突然感覺到“不好，錯(cuò)了” ， 當(dāng)場(chǎng)改正，也花不了多少時(shí)間。十.七選五口訣邏輯關(guān)系前后句，詞匯重合上下文；容全歸所在段，語(yǔ)意通順且連貫?？谠E中第一句說明要通過邏輯

7、關(guān)系尋找正確答案，只需把備選答案、空前、空后這三句看 濤就可以了，不用考慮得太多；第二句的上下文是指所在段的上下文，一旦用段了，就會(huì)錯(cuò)出十萬八千里；第三句涉及段落的一致性，英語(yǔ)文章一旦把段與段之間的關(guān)系搞混了，就像漢 語(yǔ)文章跑題一樣，無藥可救。十一.現(xiàn)說明“七選五補(bǔ)全閱讀題”的解題方法。Have you ever lost your temper? Did you yell or scream at those around you, even people you like or love? Did you want to break something or hit someone?Eve

8、ryone gets angry. Wehave lots of emotions. At different times, we maybe happy, sad or jealous. 1 It s perfectly okay to be angry at time （偶爾）in fact, it s important to get angry sometimes. Anger can even be a good thing. When we are treated unfairly, anger can help us stand up for ourselves.2 somepe

9、ople keep their anger buried deep inside. If you do this, you might get a headache or your stomach might start to hurt. You may just feel crummy （糟糕的）about yourself or start to cry. It s not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others.Whenyou st

10、art to feel angry, you can count to 10, draw a picture of anger, play a video game, run as fast as you can or do something active. An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust. 3 . Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do to k

11、eep the situation from happening again.Never getting angry is impossible. But, you should always remember that how you act when you re angry can make the situation better or worse.Take charge of it!Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.Taking it out on others never s

12、olves anything.Anger is just another way we feel.Here is an important way to deal with anger.But anger must be released in the right way.Every coin has two sides.Don t let anger be the boss of you.一、閱讀短文，把握中心二、明白體裁，理清思路三、上下求索，瞻前顧后四、確定答案，入文復(fù)查通過閱讀該短文，知該短文話題是人們對(duì)“生氣 這種情緒的掌控”。本文為議論文，第一段由問句引出話題，談到有時(shí)人們會(huì)出現(xiàn)情

13、緒失控的狀況。第二段， 談到人們有時(shí)會(huì)開心、悲傷或嫉妒、生氣。第三段談生氣有時(shí)是重要的。第四段談到把生氣 這種狀態(tài)埋藏在心底是不好的，要學(xué)會(huì)宣泄但不要傷害別人。第五段介紹正確的宣泄方式。 第六段談不良情緒的正確控制。第七段總結(jié)，“要用理智處理不良的情緒”。.C 解析：前面談至 U Everyone gets angry ”，后面談至 U To be angry at timesis important to get angry sometimes. ”.E.解析：整個(gè)第三自然段的核心意思是 “It s not good to hide your anger, so you should fin

14、d a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others” .（把憤怒埋藏在心底是不可取的，所以要找到一種在不傷害別人的情況下宣泄自己不良情緒的方法）.A.解析：“An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust.” 然后承接下一旬 “ Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.”.B. 解析：“Taking it out on others never solves anythin

15、g. ” 然后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 “ Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do ” .5. G.解析：“Don t let anger be the boss of you” 然后是順接關(guān)系 “ Take charge of第二部分：高考真題回放（2007-2012 ）3. （2009 年,卷）Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat

16、 their vegetables.Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the mid

17、dle. 72 Ideal（理想的） study times are after dinner or rightafter school before dinner.Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 73 You ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you ve set up a good study time for li

18、ttle learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing.Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.This includes helping them out with their homeworksometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children du

19、ring study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.Pick a place where your children can study properly.Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.Finally, spend time with your kids when they re studying.Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too.I

20、nstead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.（2010 年、卷）Q&AQuestion: I have recently got a senior position within m

21、y company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and thenopened the floor toquestions. 71 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn t have felt that way. Bu

22、t howcan I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers（同事）is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods ar

23、e a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points.7273When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification （澄清）.Buy time.Whenfacing a hard question, most people can t give an answer immediately. Buy time by r

24、epeating the question in your own words.74 These techniques allowyou to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to makesure you will be correctly answering the question.Suggest a private meeting.A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers.75Show your true interest

25、.Restate the question with respect.Some ideas can be quite concrete.There were many difficult questions.It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.You may also ask for clarification on the question.Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.（2011 年全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）Money Matters

26、Parents should help their children understand money. 71 So you may start talking about moneywhenyour child shows an interestin buying things, candy or toys,for example.The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It

27、is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（ 收銀員）.72 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex w

28、ays of using money.Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a child s request to spend money, explain, “ You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, You have to make a choicebetween this toy and that toy. ”

29、74Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product a name-brand butter and a generic （無商標(biāo)產(chǎn)品）,for example. You can show your child how to makechoices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to makeanother purc

30、hase with the moneysaved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.Wise decisionsThe value of moneyPermit the child to choose between them.Tell your child why he can - or cannot have certain things.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most im

31、portant to youTalk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.The best time to teach a child anything about moneyis when he shows an interest.（2011 年） Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it s a matter of logic （邏輯）of being able

32、 to spot weaknesses in other people s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking the ability to see clearly the relation

33、ships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce newideas. That, too, is critical thanking.72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal at time organi

34、zing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（機(jī)械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there i

35、s a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have 73What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to thin

36、k clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in manycircumstances.

37、 This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.It may also help you to know that there is no such t

38、hing as a perfect speech.It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.The skills you learn in your speech class can help you becomea more effective thinker

39、in a number of waysG As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.（2011 年卷）Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit an

40、d that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for sometechniques worth trying.72People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease （早老性癡呆癥）,according to a recent study. 73 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekl

41、y coffee date with a friend will do. Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brains looking forward.Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose （ 葡萄糖）levels can harm the area of the brain that helps

42、you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 Learn something new.Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation （刺激）limi

43、ts the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 75 Or go dancing with your friends.Focus on the future.This can be especially harmful to the aged.It should be something like learni

44、ng gardening.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life-changing events.Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. 8.（2012年全國(guó)I卷）Kid

45、s health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一 like screaming or hitting someone dont solve much. But other ways, like talking to someoneyou trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these fo

46、ur steps, the next time you are stressed:Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.Dont take it out on you

47、rself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. 73 Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get do

48、wnto business. 74 Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暫時(shí)的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as

49、 you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 75 Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.Different people feel stress in different waysAh, it feels so good when the stress is gone.Y

50、ou need to figure out what the problem is.And dont forget about your friends.Then, find a way to calm down 。How to Make FriendsFriendship is a very important humanrelationship and everyone needs good friends. Goodfriendship has manybenefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes

51、good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71. But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and kee

52、p friends.Associate with others.The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.Start a conversationStarting a conversation is the second most

53、important step in making new friends.72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.73Choosing friends with commorinterests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend toge

54、ther, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.Let it grow.It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friendwith calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that g

55、row naturally.Enjoy your friendshipThe best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.Be cheerful.Do things together.Do not wait to b

56、e spoken to.Try not to find fault with your friends.Making new friends comes easy for some people.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.第三部分：實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練根據(jù)短文容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Trust has been considered as the basis of

57、 any relationship, including friendship.No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. 71 . Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith

58、 in us?72 . With whom will you share things that you don t want everyone to know?It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friends may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find

59、you trustworthy and reliable.Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be eitheryour parents or your friends. _73_ . This is a shining example of trust. You onlyseek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forg

60、et to include you in the important decisions of their life.Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship. 74 . Whilesome people find it difficult to forgive andforget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust