定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)解析概要課件

1、定語(yǔ)從句?？键c(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)歸納Revision(復(fù)習(xí)）Can you tell the structure of the following sentences?(你能說(shuō)出下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？）1) He has been a teacher for ten years.2) He teaches English3) He teaches us English.4)The students are listening.5) He teaches us how to learn English better主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物）+賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物

2、動(dòng)詞）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物）+賓補(bǔ)Leadin（導(dǎo)入）把下列兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)句子。China is a civilized old country.It has 5000 years history.China is a civilized old country which has 5000 years history.概念：1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用 a. which 和that b.which 和as c.whose的用法 d.where的特殊用法 e.介詞+關(guān)系代詞2.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致3.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句4.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別5.定語(yǔ)從句在某些特殊句型中的應(yīng)用考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)?？?/p>

3、點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)歸納改錯(cuò)：1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.wherewhichto 歸納1:如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞?選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：a).先行詞b).關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿髦髡Z(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)用作狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Julie

4、was good at German,French and Russian,all of that she spoke fluently.(2011.湖南卷）Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.（2000全國(guó)）Awho B.which Cthis DwhatBwhich改錯(cuò)：歸納2：which 和 that 的用法區(qū)別Which 和that 都可以指物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，that 可以指人，但是下列情況只能用which:a

5、）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。b）在介詞后。c)關(guān)系代詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。 以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。a. 先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外）先行詞被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some修飾時(shí)也用that.b. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that。c. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時(shí)，用thatd. 先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)，用that。e. 定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時(shí)，需用t

6、hat。注意：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在形式上是前后兩個(gè)句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，對(duì)先行詞只是做些附加說(shuō)明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。但限制性定語(yǔ)從句如果被去掉，則意思含糊不清，不完整。Whenever I met her, _was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山東）A. whoB. which C. whenD. that）_ is reported in the newspaper,Crimea(克里米亞）has announced its independence and meanwhile broken away from

7、Ukrain(烏克蘭）and joined Russia early this month. A As B What C itD whichBA歸納3：which 和 as的區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句先行詞前常被such, the same, so, as 修飾，即構(gòu)成suchas , the same as, soas, 結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時(shí)容易忽略。as在定語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)成分如：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。as 與which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，只能用 as, 意為“正如、恰如”。as 與 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別a) as 引導(dǎo)的從句表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)話語(yǔ)的看法 ，態(tài)

8、度，解釋或評(píng)論，常用于被動(dòng)形式，且放在句首,其常見(jiàn)搭配動(dòng)詞有：see,know,say,expect,show,tell,guess等B)當(dāng)從句對(duì)主句所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，表明事物的狀態(tài)或者結(jié)果時(shí)，通常要用which,且用在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子里。C)在從句中作定語(yǔ)或者介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用which.例如：Lily might possibly come,in which case I will ask her.The old temple _ was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010.陜西卷） A. whereits roof B. roof

9、of which C. itsroof D. of which the roofD歸納4：whose 用法小結(jié)Whose 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于ones. whose +名詞=the +of+which/whom=of which/whom +the +n.在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)既可以考查前一種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以考查后一種結(jié)構(gòu)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends ,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011.陜西卷） A.which B.where C.who D. thatIts help

10、ful to put children in a situation _they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C. which D.whereBD歸納5 where 的用法小結(jié)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾point, situation, condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long ti

11、me.(2011.陜西卷）A.of which B.with which C.about which D. into whichShe showed the visitors around the museum,the construction_had taken more than three years.(2011.江西卷）A. for which B with which C of which D to which CC歸納6：介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom)小結(jié)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞

12、的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?2.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致Isreal(以色列） is one of the countries who _(有）nuclear weapons in the world.Isreal is only one of the countries who_

13、（有）nuclear weapons in the middle-east area.havehas結(jié)論：one of +n(pl) +whov(復(fù)數(shù)）only one of +n(pl)+whov(單數(shù)） It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood.A. which, that B. that, whichC. which, which D. that, where A綜合考查一：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句難點(diǎn)：綜合考查 近年來(lái)，高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞

14、性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等的綜合考查越來(lái)越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。綜合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句1. We all have heard the news_ the Flight MH370 crashed into the Indian Ocean and caused 240 deaths according to one Britsh air companyinvestigation since it was missing for eighteen days。 2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.

15、that that/which that/which一、從句法功能上來(lái)看同位語(yǔ)從句中連接詞that在從句中不作句子成分，也沒(méi)有詞匯含義，只起連接作用，其作用大致相當(dāng)于一個(gè)冒號(hào)；但是that 不能省略；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，且在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。二、從意義上來(lái)看同位語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與作為中心詞的名詞所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是一樣的，是解釋或者說(shuō)明的關(guān)系；而定語(yǔ)從句則是限制或修飾中心詞的，中心詞所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不等于定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容綜合考查三：定語(yǔ)從句在特殊句型中的運(yùn)用The committee members from 31 provinces in Beijing have dicussed a series issues including the housing prices,education and medical care they would like to see_the next decade.A.to settle B.being settled C.having been settled D.settledD類似的句型還有：sb have/has difficulty doing sth sb spend