定語從句考點及難點解析概要課件

1、定語從句常考點及難點歸納Revision(復(fù)習(xí)）Can you tell the structure of the following sentences?(你能說出下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？）1) He has been a teacher for ten years.2) He teaches English3) He teaches us English.4)The students are listening.5) He teaches us how to learn English better主語+系動詞+表語主語+謂語（及物）+賓語主語+謂語（及物）+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語（不及物

2、動詞）主語+謂語（及物）+賓補(bǔ)Leadin（導(dǎo)入）把下列兩個簡單句合并成一個句子。China is a civilized old country.It has 5000 years history.China is a civilized old country which has 5000 years history.概念：1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用 a. which 和that b.which 和as c.whose的用法 d.where的特殊用法 e.介詞+關(guān)系代詞2.定語從句中的主謂一致3.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句4.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別5.定語從句在某些特殊句型中的應(yīng)用考點難點?？?/p>

3、點和難點歸納改錯：1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.wherewhichto 歸納1:如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞?選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：a).先行詞b).關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿髦髡Z，賓語，定語用作狀語用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Julie

4、was good at German,French and Russian,all of that she spoke fluently.(2011.湖南卷）Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.（2000全國）Awho B.which Cthis DwhatBwhich改錯：歸納2：which 和 that 的用法區(qū)別Which 和that 都可以指物，在從句中可以作主語，賓語，表語，that 可以指人，但是下列情況只能用which:a

5、）在非限制性定語從句中。b）在介詞后。c)關(guān)系代詞后有插入語時。 以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。a. 先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外）先行詞被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some修飾時也用that.b. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，用that。c. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時，用thatd. 先行詞同時指人和指物時，用that。e. 定語從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時，需用t

6、hat。注意：非限制性定語從句在形式上是前后兩個句子用逗號隔開，對先行詞只是做些附加說明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。但限制性定語從句如果被去掉，則意思含糊不清，不完整。Whenever I met her, _was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山東）A. whoB. which C. whenD. that）_ is reported in the newspaper,Crimea(克里米亞）has announced its independence and meanwhile broken away from

7、Ukrain(烏克蘭）and joined Russia early this month. A As B What C itD whichBA歸納3：which 和 as的區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句先行詞前常被such, the same, so, as 修飾，即構(gòu)成suchas , the same as, soas, 結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時容易忽略。as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)成分如：主語、賓語或表語。as 與which引導(dǎo)定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于句首時，只能用 as, 意為“正如、恰如”。as 與 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別a) as 引導(dǎo)的從句表示說話人對話語的看法 ，態(tài)

8、度，解釋或評論，常用于被動形式，且放在句首,其常見搭配動詞有：see,know,say,expect,show,tell,guess等B)當(dāng)從句對主句所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表明事物的狀態(tài)或者結(jié)果時，通常要用which,且用在主動語態(tài)的句子里。C)在從句中作定語或者介詞賓語時，要用which.例如：Lily might possibly come,in which case I will ask her.The old temple _ was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010.陜西卷） A. whereits roof B. roof

9、of which C. itsroof D. of which the roofD歸納4：whose 用法小結(jié)Whose 指物，在定語從句中作定語，相當(dāng)于ones. whose +名詞=the +of+which/whom=of which/whom +the +n.在實際運用時既可以考查前一種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以考查后一種結(jié)構(gòu)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends ,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011.陜西卷） A.which B.where C.who D. thatIts help

10、ful to put children in a situation _they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C. which D.whereBD歸納5 where 的用法小結(jié)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語從句分別修飾point, situation, condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long ti

11、me.(2011.陜西卷）A.of which B.with which C.about which D. into whichShe showed the visitors around the museum,the construction_had taken more than three years.(2011.江西卷）A. for which B with which C of which D to which CC歸納6：介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom)小結(jié)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞

12、的搭配習(xí)慣，請體會：4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短語中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?2.定語從句中的主謂一致Isreal(以色列） is one of the countries who _(有）nuclear weapons in the world.Isreal is only one of the countries who_

13、（有）nuclear weapons in the middle-east area.havehas結(jié)論：one of +n(pl) +whov(復(fù)數(shù)）only one of +n(pl)+whov(單數(shù)） It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood.A. which, that B. that, whichC. which, which D. that, where A綜合考查一：定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句難點：綜合考查 近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞

14、性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。綜合考查二：定語從句與同位語從句1. We all have heard the news_ the Flight MH370 crashed into the Indian Ocean and caused 240 deaths according to one Britsh air companyinvestigation since it was missing for eighteen days。 2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.

15、that that/which that/which一、從句法功能上來看同位語從句中連接詞that在從句中不作句子成分，也沒有詞匯含義，只起連接作用，其作用大致相當(dāng)于一個冒號；但是that 不能省略；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，且在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分(主語或賓語),作賓語可以省略。二、從意義上來看同位語從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與作為中心詞的名詞所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是一樣的，是解釋或者說明的關(guān)系；而定語從句則是限制或修飾中心詞的，中心詞所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不等于定語從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容綜合考查三：定語從句在特殊句型中的運用The committee members from 31 provinces in Beijing have dicussed a series issues including the housing prices,education and medical care they would like to see_the next decade.A.to settle B.being settled C.having been settled D.settledD類似的句型還有：sb have/has difficulty doing sth sb spend