英語閱讀能力提升word-context-課件1

1、Reading Strategy for words meanings 1. context clues 2.word structure 3.dictionary Context cluesMeaning: the setting of a wordThe sentence the word is inThe sentence before and after the sentence that the word is inThe paragraph that the word is in The passage that the word is inThe context of a wor

2、d determines the meaning of the word; the meaning of a word depends on the meaning of the sentence it is in.Eg: His income has reached five figures.He is a prominent public figure.I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. definition : means .is/are ., which /., where .is/ are called.is/are known a

3、s/.can be defined as explanation/restatement : or, that is, such as, that is to say, in another word, in other words ,to put it another way examples: such as /especially /for instance /for example Context clues 1 definition , explanation/restatement， examples1. The science of meteorology is concerne

4、d with the study of the structure, state and behavior of the atmosphere. 2.He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.氣象學(xué) Context clues 1 definition , explanation/restatement， exampleslooking ill, sad, tired, anxious3.You can borrow these periodicals from the library: Natu

5、re, New Society, News Week, or the Listener. 4. Monkeys are well-known for their grooming habits; they spend hours carefully cleaning bits of dirt and straw from their coats. 期刊或雜志愛清潔的 Context clues 1 definition , explanation/restatement and examples5.In some countries where there is very little rai

6、n, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.6. It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is , it will break easily. ComparisonEg：1. There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.defame “詆毀” ，“中傷”或“誹謗”lContext clues 2Comparison and contrast2

7、. Father is an expert in piano, and mother is a virtuoso in violin.Eg: Contrast1.Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time. 2.Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented. Silent have a different opinion from, refuse to assent to disagreeContrast signal words:Whereas, but

8、, yet, while, although, despite, in spite of, however, not, even though, instead, rather than, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, in contrast A synonym is a word that means the same as or nearly the same as another word. An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Co

9、ntext clues 3 Synonym and Antonym （1）Using synonym Context Clues1. The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.2. He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.Rapid;

10、 quickpunishContext clues 3 Synonym and Antonym(2) Using Antonym Context Clues1. Unlike his brother, who is a truly handsome man, John is quite homely.2.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.Plain; not attractive or good-lookingget worseContext clues 4 Common sen

11、se1.Robben is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 2. Ann was so obtuse that she could not follow the teachers reasoning and asked foolish questions. 3.In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they

12、 expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.獨斷專行的遲鈍的、愚笨的嫁妝Grammatical and rhetoric devices: appositive, attributive clause, simile, metaphor, Punctuation: comma, dash, colon, parentheses/ brackets, Context clues 5 Grammatical and rhetoric devices, and punctuation 1).One of the major

13、 features of English vocabulary is polysemymany meanings. 2).The major fault in your composition is redundancy, using more words than necessary to express your idea. 一詞多義的不簡練的3.The cats eyes glowed in the dark as if they were little lights.4.Etymology, a branch of language study dealing with word or

14、igins, ought to be viewed as one way to help children expand their vocabularies. With the help of conjunctions like: because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore. etc.1. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile; because she was using the wrong key.2. The lack of movement cause

15、d the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. in vain Context clues 6 cause and effectfor everSometimes you can make an intelligent guess of the meaning of some new words or expressions if you put together related information from the

16、surrounding text.e.g. Timken was now angry. Once again he flew into a rage. “She went to school for 12 years and she cant write a sentence?” Timken said. “They made an illiterate out of my daughter.” Context clues 7related information Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym.a pe

17、n name.Exercises 12.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.啞劇3. The upper part of the leg is known as the thigh.4. Though I like steak rare, I dont like it raw; I cant eat it uncooked.(大腿)(生的)5. Jim just hummed the tune of the song; he didnt sing the words.哼曲子6. Eileen is one

18、of those who sing in church; she is part of the choir.（在教堂里唱詩的）合唱團Exercise 2While I love spinach, my husband loathes it.Although Marsha is fastidious, her twin Marilyn is very sloppy (careless in doing things).You should review your lecture notes immediately after class to correct any errors or fill

19、 in missing information. Many students, however, procrastinate and, as a result, their notes are not as useful.There was disagreement instead of consensus about the committees report.We decided to persevere rather than give up.The drunk driver looked for someone sober to drive.Mary is very modern an

20、d liberal, but John is rather orthodox in his behavior.agreementnot give up, insist on, go onnot drunk, clear-headednot modern, traditional, conventionalSome instructors do not feel strongly about class attendance; on the other hand, others are adamant that you must attend all classes.Rather than ta

21、ke the course for credit, Mary decided to audit it to see if she was interested in the subject.Although the patient is usually morose, she seems happy today.He is usually a laggard, but when it comes to asking for money, he is very quick, active and energetic.feel strongly, firm, insistattend the co

22、urse not for creditunhappy, bad-tempered and silenta person who is not quick, active and energetic/ who lags behindExercise 31. The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football. 2. Tribes roamed all over, searching for food. This wandering life went on until some people discovere

23、d that they could plant seeds and raise crops. American football wander(1) Using synonym Context Clues3. In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying out completely, many clothing manufactures still offer handsome prices for their long, elegant tail feathers, which are used as

24、 decorations on ladies hats. A kind of birdyet, but ,unlike, however, while ,notbut, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, rather than1. We watched as the cat came quietly through the grass toward the bird. When it was just feet from the victim, it gathered its legs under itself , and pounced. To a

25、ttack suddenlyTo spring with intent to seize (2) Using Antonym Context Clues2. An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a souwester usually bring rain. The wind from south west, here it refers to the wind from the Atlantic3. Most women in Ghana -the educated and illiterate,

26、 the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Having little or no formal education.4. The man thought that the children were defenseless, so he walked boldly up to the oldest and demanded money. Imagine his surprise

27、when they began to pelt him with rocks.To strike repeatedlyTo cast, hurl, or throw5. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.sociable.6. After a day of hunting, Harold is ravenous, Yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls

28、of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfiedExtremely hungry; Greedy7. After the accident, the ship went down so fast that we werent able to salvage any of our personal belongings. to rescue or saveShe was very fortunate that she was able to blachet

29、flames before they spread to the rest of the house.It is niblock that your registration forms be complete; otherwise you will not get credit for the class.I really proster snakes; I dont even like to see a picture of one.To save money for college I had to menate the number of movies I go to each mon

30、th.I was going to serve steak at my dinner party, but the price made me cride my plans.Marsha absolutely will not take another math course. Dont try to change her mind because she is frind.put out, extinguishnecessary, importantdislike, hatecut down, reducecancel, changenot easy to be persuaded, det

31、ermined, stubborn, unyieldingExercises 4Exercises 5The student should be familiar with the curriculum set of courses of his or her certificate or degree program.Nest building in birds is an example of an instinct, a pattern of behavior that doesnt have to be learned.Some courses have prerequisites:

32、requirements that must be met before the course can be taken. My dad was boiling mad. This implies that my dad was very, very angry The homework was a breeze. This implies that the homework was very easy to do. If I were you, I would steer clear of that topic. This implies that you should stay away

33、from that topic With the help of conjunctions like: because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore. etc.Exercises 61. “But,” said Kim, “ I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”Full of respect B. too confident and rudeC. Lacking in

34、 experience D. too shy and quiet 2. People react differently to visiting different cultures. People who are very important, like the leaders of a country, will be treated very carefully. Because they are pampered and petted, they may not become uncomfortable. Others may feel very uncomfortable and s

35、pend their time grousing to whomever will listen how unfriendly the natives are. Pampered and petted :_ Grouse: _well treatedcomplain3. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60-90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. I

36、t is from these shoots that the best tea is got.Regular cutting of the plantsFrequent wateringRegular use of chemicalsGrowing the plants high in the mountain4. Usually if restaurant food is poorly prepared, I dont criticize the waiter. Instead, I reprimand the manager.To scold severely, especially i

37、n a formal or official way.Exercises 7Etymology, a branch of language study dealing with word origins, ought to be viewed as one way to help children expand their vocabularies.Extroverted persons, who enjoy parties and meeting new people, are less likely to be victims of depression.There are some th

38、ings in the world that seem inexplicable and just have to be accepted without knowing why they happened.The police found the suspects story credible, so they released him.John has a homogenous collection of books, all on the Civil War.We asked for better law enforcement, but the legislature ignored

39、our pleas.Outgoing, friendlyUnexplainable, mysterious, strangeBelievable, trueSingle, the same kindRequest, demand, askingPracticeExercise 1-To tick off the correct choice from A,B,and C.1. Charles asked the bank for a small loan so that he could repair his house. A.sum of money B.load C. tool 2. On

40、e who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. A.very tall B.very poor C.very rich 3. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry4. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highw

41、ay. A.direct B.indirect C.straight5. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A.small B.large C.dull Quick! Go get some water to quench the flames!I think your arm is broken. Try to keep it stationary until we get to the hospital.Sitting in front of a

42、fire on a snowy day is quite cozy.I wish I was ambidextrous. Then I could use both hands equally well.Put out, extinguishStill, not moving, staticComfortable, warmCould use both hands equally wellExercise 2It was imprudent for Lisa to skate on the ice of the lake without checking to see how thick it

43、 was.That toy is a lethal weapon; the kid almost kill me with it!When I am served bad food, I assume a very serious manner and say to the manager gravely that I will not pay for the objectionable meal.Not prudent, unwise, rash, foolish, discreetFatal, deadly, able to cause death unpleasant; terrible; awfulWilliam decided to market himself as a computer specialist. I knew he was just joking because I could see a smile sprouting from the edges of his lips. This implies that a smile was forming and growing. The suspect clammed up