2022年八下英語語法歸納

1、_ 新版八年級英語下冊第一單元知識點歸納Unit 1 What s the matter? 一、基礎(chǔ)知識1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ m ? t?(r) /n. 問題；事情What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】：matter 和 trouble 為名詞，其前可加 the 或形容詞性物主代詞， wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢

2、問對象時，與介詞 with 連用。即：What s the matter with sb.? = What s your trouble? = What s up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a h

3、eadache 頭疼3. 身體部位 +ache （疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛-可編輯修改 - _ 4. much too+形容詞，意為太.，too much+ 名詞，意為很多，大量。5. enough 【形容、副詞】足夠的 /地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。good enough 足夠好， enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過去式lay；lie 說謊，過去式

4、lied 7. maybe “或許 ”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be ，是情態(tài)動詞 +be 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為 “可能，也許 ”，后加名詞、代 詞或形容詞。 He may be angry. sound like+ 名詞代詞和從句： It sounds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea. music sounds nice. sound+ 形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，The 9. need 需要，實義動詞 need+ 名詞，需要某物；need to do sth.

5、 需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動的動作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth. 主語通常是物，表示被動的動作： Your dirty clothes needwashing. 下（公交車）get on 上車10. get off (the bus) 11. agree 同意，贊同；agree with sth. 同意某事如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb.同意某人的意見如：I agree to LiLei. -可編輯修改 - _ 12. trouble 問題，麻煩；be

6、in trouble 遇到麻煩， make trouble 制造麻煩 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻煩。13. right away=right now=at once，意為 馬上 。14. advice 不可數(shù)名詞 勸告，建議，向 征求意見， give sb. advice on sth. 就某事給某人建議；advise 動詞 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事advise sb. doing sth. 【復(fù)習(xí)】 exercise 練習(xí)、鍛煉當(dāng) exercise

7、意為“練習(xí)”時，為可數(shù)名詞 即可加 s 當(dāng) exercise 意為“鍛煉”時，為不可數(shù)名詞 即不加 s 16. hurt 及物動詞，使 疼痛， 受傷， He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物動詞， （部位）疼。His leg hurt badly. clean 【動詞】打掃，clean the classroom 打掃教室，【形容詞】干凈的，cleaner 意為 清潔工。18. hit（用手或器具）打；擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的頭、鼻子、后

8、背，on用在所打較硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。be used to sth./ doing sth. 習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了 、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；-可編輯修改 - _ His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)過程、動作：“變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng) ”Its difficult for one t

9、o get used to another countrys habit. 20. 【復(fù)習(xí)】 free 形容詞 空閑的 free time ；免費的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【動詞】使 解脫，得到自由： He could not free his arm. run out 用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用盡

10、了。人 sb. run out of sth. night. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒險23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的decision【

11、名詞】決定；抉擇；make a decision 做決定 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 control of this new school. The headmaster is in the -可編輯修改 - _ be out of control 無法控制，無法管理 住，在控制之中be under control 被控制26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】 mind 意為介意，mind doing sth.介意做某事,Would you mind my opening the wi

12、ndow? 27. give up (doing) sth. games ；放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer give up 后可接名詞、代詞和動詞 ing 形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily. 二、重點語法【反身代詞】 英語中共有八個反身代詞， 在使用時應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù) 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱單數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself 復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】1. 可用作賓語，指的是賓

13、語和主語表示同一個或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf. very well.We must look after ourselves 2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。如： She isn t quite herself today.-可編輯修改 - _ 3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。I met the writer look after oneself

14、/ take care of oneself 照顧自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué)enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快help oneself to sth 請自用 （隨便吃 /喝些 ）.hurt oneself 摔傷自己say to oneself 自言自語leave sb. by oneself 把某人單獨留下buy oneself sth. 給自己買 東西introduce oneself 介紹 自己【提醒】1. 反身代詞不能單獨做主語， 但可以做主語的同位語， 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myself ca

15、n finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代詞表示 “某人自己 ”不能表示 “某人的東西 ”，因為它沒有所有格的形式。表達(dá) “某人自己的（東西） ”時，須要用 ones own.-可編輯修改 - _ 如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city par

16、ks 一、基本知識點1. sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定語 a sick child 【區(qū)別 ill】ill 與 sick 同義；但是只在句中做表語，不做定語。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up （讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來 The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out 分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于 hand out ，The teacher is giv

17、ing out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意為把某物分發(fā)給某人。4. volunteer 【名詞】志愿者 【動詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth. 過去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過去的習(xí)慣、動作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。There used to be a cinema here.這里曾有一個照相機(jī)。They to

18、ld me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過去的故事。-可編輯修改 - _ 6. alone 【形容詞】獨自一人的， 無感情色彩： The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤獨寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語或定語。The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth. 照顧；照料 care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心 take care of=look

19、after【動詞】 care about sb./sth. 關(guān)心，在意某人 /事【形容詞】 careful仔細(xì)的/ careless粗心的【副詞】carefully仔細(xì)地8. such “這樣的，這種，如此 ”，用于修飾名詞such+ a/ an+ 形容詞 +單數(shù)名詞： such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比賽such+ 形容詞 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 /不可數(shù)名詞：such important decisions 多么重要的建議 such delicious food 多么美味的食物如果名詞前被 many, much, few, l

20、ittle修飾時，只能用 so，而不用such ：so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for 參加 選拔，爭取成為 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out 試用，試驗10. journey 【名詞】（尤指長途）旅行，行程；途旅行；trip【名詞】多指短travel 【名詞、動詞】 travel around the world 【名詞】 traveler 旅-可編輯修改 - _ 行者11.【復(fù)習(xí)】 be busy with

21、sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12.【復(fù)習(xí)】 try doing sth. 試著去做某事 try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 try one s best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事13.【復(fù)習(xí)】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人、某事14. raise money 集資，籌錢； raise money for 為 籌錢raise【動詞】舉起；提高；募集15. keep 【動詞】 keep+ 名詞，保留（某物）； keep+ 形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】 broken 破損的，出毛病的； blind 瞎的，失明的； deaf聾的； disabled 有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語和表語。make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it + 形容詞 (+for sb.) to do sth. think/find it + 形容詞 to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為 ；18. make a difference to 對 有影響；對