動(dòng)詞時(shí)和體一

1、關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的時(shí)和體一第一張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Brief Introduction英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)），六種體（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體，過(guò)去進(jìn)行體，現(xiàn)在完成體，過(guò)去完成體，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行體），兩種態(tài)（主動(dòng)態(tài)，被動(dòng)態(tài)），三種式（陳述式，祈使式，虛擬式）第二張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I. Uses of Simple Present1. 表不受時(shí)限的客觀存在，包括客觀真理、 格言事實(shí)等2. 表現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作，常與頻度副詞連用( always, hardly ever= almost never) 我們常10點(diǎn)鐘上

2、床睡覺(jué). We are usually in bed by 10.第三張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 表現(xiàn)時(shí)狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作，只適用于 靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞: 表運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 jump, hit, open, close （表短暫動(dòng)作）靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞：表相對(duì)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的動(dòng)詞 如be動(dòng)詞，表感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞 feel, 表心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞think( 表示的意義具有持續(xù)性)第四張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. 表將來(lái)時(shí)間 （三種句型）1）I hope/ I bet + that 分句中, 可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) I hope he likes my gift.

3、 (will like) I bet it rains tomorrow. (will rain)2）see ( to it)/ make sure/ make certain + that 分句中 I ll see that nobody disturbs you ( will disturb).3）if/ when 引導(dǎo)的條件分句或時(shí)間分句中 注：1）和2）中的分句可換成將來(lái)時(shí)，3）不能第五張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. 表過(guò)去時(shí)間 I hear you have got a part-time job. = I heard you got/ had got a part-

4、time job. 能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞: tell, say, hear, learn, gather（了解，推測(cè)，得知） 等或稱作：歷史性現(xiàn)在時(shí) (Historic Present)第六張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月II Uses of Simple Past1. 表過(guò)去時(shí)間 We had a meeting yesterday afternoon. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的時(shí)間與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系， 已成為過(guò)去/不復(fù)存在，比較： I studied in Canada for 7 years. ( 現(xiàn)已不在加拿大) I have studied in Canada for 7

5、 years. （可能在加拿大也可能在別地）第七張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 表現(xiàn)在時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間1）I wondered if you could help me. ( want, wonder, think, hope) 表現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于I wonder, 區(qū)別在前者表婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣。第八張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2）表與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想或?qū)?lái)的主觀設(shè)想，不能換為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)We are really tired. Its time we had a rest. If I had money, I d buy a big house. Id rather

6、 you went now. ( wish) 第九張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11BPut the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the simple past:Ill make sure that everything _ (be) in order.2. I hope (that) I _ (see) you there.3. See that you _ (be) ready at 8 oclock.4. Im getting tired - its time we _ (go) home.5.

7、Id rather you _ (buy) a car.issee / will seearewentbought第十張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. I feel as if my head _ (be) on fire.7. Isnt it about time you _ (set to) and _ (do) some work？8. Its high time we _ (have) a rest.9. He acts as if he _ (know) English perfectly.10. I wish I _ (know) his name.11. Id ra

8、ther you _ (live) closer to us.12. I _ (wonder) if you were free this evening.wasset todidhadknewknewlivedwonderedExercise 11B第十一張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月13. I hope you _ (sleep) well.14. I _ (say) you are wrong.15. John _ (tell) me that there was a car accident last night.16. I _ (hear) old Mrs Smith h

9、as lost her cat.17. I _ (want) to ask if I could borrow your ladder.18. The ten oclock news _ (say) its going to be cold tomorrow.Exercise 11Bsleep / will sleepsaytellshearwantedsays第十二張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11B19. I _ (suggest) you phone me tomorrow.20. Two and three _ (make) five. I hope sh

10、e _ (not dislike) the flowers.22. If only I _ (have) more money, I could buy some new clothes.23. I bet I _ (get) there before you.24. Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you _ (come) next weekend.suggestmake / makesdoesnt dislikehadgetcame第十三張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11B25. A: I havent got a table cl

11、oth. B: Suppose we _ (use) a sheet?26. A: Daddy, can I watch TV? B: Suppose you _ (do) your homework first?27. If it _ (rain), the match would be cancelled.28. I _ (gather) Peters looking for a job.29. Mr Smith _ (step) into his office, _ (sit) down and _ (begin) to fill in the forms.use(d)do / didr

12、ainedgathersteppedsatbegan第十四張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11B30. At rise, the stage _ (be) dark. It _ (be) two-thirty in the morning and a hot, midsummers day has just begun. It _ (be) silent MEL EDISON, in pajamas, robe and slippers _ (sit) alone on the tiny sofa, smoking a cigarette. He _ (rub) h

13、is face anxiously, then _ (cough) isisissitsrubscoughs第十五張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月III Uses of Present Progressive1. 表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 We are learning English grammar.2. 表現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 ( 一種暫時(shí)性，不是長(zhǎng)期性) 與頻度副詞 always等連用時(shí)表示感情色彩,比較: You are always complaining about your work. (感情色彩) You always complain about your work. (

14、說(shuō)明事實(shí))第十六張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 表按計(jì)劃近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 I am leaving China in a few weeks.注：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體表將來(lái)，句中要有表將來(lái)的 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（上下文），否則歧義，例如： Are you doing anything special tonight? (表示將來(lái)) Are you doing anything special now? (表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)第十七張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. 其他用法1) 表剛剛過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，只適用于口語(yǔ) You know I am telling the truth.

15、 what I am talking about.2）表婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣 I am hoping/ wondering you will help me.第十八張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11DPut the verbs in brackets into the simple presentOr the present progressive:My sister _ (live) at home for the moment.2. You _ (live) in North London, dont you?3. Why _ that girl _ (stand) on

16、 the table?4. Chetford Castle _ (stand) on a hill just outside the town.is livingliveis standingstands第十九張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11D5. She _ (see) her doctor twice a week.6. The weather _ (get) better and better.7. We _ probably _ (spend) next weekend at home.8. Water _ (boil) at 212Fahrenheit

17、.9. The bottle _ (boil). Shall I make tea?10. George _ (get) up at five oclock every day this week to prepare for his examination.seesis gettingare spendingboilsis boilingis getting第二十張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 11D11. He _ always _ (write) with a special pen - just because he likes to be differen

18、t.12. What _ you _ (talk about)? I cant make head or tail of it.is writingare talking about第二十一張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月IV. Uses of Past Progressive1. 表過(guò)去某時(shí)（點(diǎn)/段）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 What were you doing yesterday afternoon? I was studying in the library.2. 表過(guò)去某種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作3. 表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間里的動(dòng)作 They were leaving a few days later第二

19、十二張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. 表現(xiàn)在時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間里的動(dòng)作1）婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣 只限于 hope, want, wonder 等詞 比較委婉程度： I wonder if you can help me. I wondered if you could help me. I am wondering if you can help me. I was wondering if you could help me.第二十三張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2）主觀臆想 用在 its time, I wish, Id rather, if 條件句中，和一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法無(wú)區(qū)別,如

20、： It is time we were having a rest. It is time we had a rest.第二十四張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行體與一般過(guò)去時(shí)比較 過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行體已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 未完成的動(dòng)作陳述事實(shí) 側(cè)重動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性較短的動(dòng)作 較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作 隨意、無(wú)目的動(dòng)作 動(dòng)作的時(shí)間順序 第二十五張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Tense and Aspect IIKey Points: Uses of present perfective (progressive)2. Uses of past perfective (progress

21、ive)第二十六張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I. Uses of present perfective1. have/ has + ed分詞構(gòu)成 2. 兩個(gè)主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法 I have eaten my dinner. (發(fā)生在過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成。) He has lived here for 10 years/ since 1999. (發(fā)生在過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在有 可能繼續(xù)。)第二十七張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 區(qū)別：已完成用法通常不與段時(shí)間連用，未完成用法常與段時(shí)間連用。 I have finished my home

22、work. 已完成用法 I have known him for 8 years. 未完成用法II. Uses of present perfective progressive1. have/ has been +ing分詞構(gòu)成2. 用法與現(xiàn)在完成體未完成用法相仿，可以互換 He has lived here for 10 years. He has been living here for 10 years. (強(qiáng)調(diào)一種持續(xù)性)第二十八張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 不能互換，比較： Who has eaten my dinner? （全吃光） Who has been e

23、ating my dinner? （有剩余） Example: 我工作了整整一天。 I have been working all day. 我學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)了好些年了。 I have been learning English for quite a few years.第二十九張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月我真累了。我一直在打羽毛球，我已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)打。I am really tired. I have been playing badminton. I havent played for a long time.我認(rèn)識(shí)這位作家有些年了，我一直都在讀他寫的小說(shuō)。I have know

24、n this writer for several years. I have been reading his novels.第三十張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月III. Uses of past perfective1. had + ed 分詞構(gòu)成 2. 兩個(gè)主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法 相對(duì)的時(shí)間是過(guò)去：過(guò)去的過(guò)去，在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I had eaten my dinner before they came. 已完成 He told me that he had lived here for 10 years. 未完成 Example:第三十一張，PPT共五十

25、二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月當(dāng)我們到達(dá)操場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，比賽已經(jīng)開始了。When we got to / reached the playground, the match/game had begun.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及向他解釋，他就走了。Before I explained to him, he had left.IV. Uses of past perfective progressive1. had been+ ing 分詞構(gòu)成2. 與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體用法相仿，只是時(shí)間推移 到了過(guò)去。 Example:第三十二張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月在他大學(xué)畢業(yè)之前，他一直在努力地學(xué)習(xí)電腦。Befo

26、re he graduated from the college, he had been making efforts to learn computer.在老師到來(lái)之前，我已經(jīng)在教室呆了五分鐘了。By the time the teacher came, I had been staying in the classroom for 5 minutes. 第三十三張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. when/ before/ after/ until 引導(dǎo)的分句中過(guò)去完成體的用法。 表示動(dòng)作先后，可以互換： When they came, I had eaten my dinn

27、er. I had eaten my dinner before they came. After I had eaten my dinner, they came. They didnt come until I had eaten my dinner. By the time they came I had eaten my dinner.第三十四張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 注：1) 通常一個(gè)動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一個(gè)用過(guò)去完成體。2) After /before 本身已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)出動(dòng)作的先后，所以也可都用一般過(guò)去時(shí) I ate my dinner before they came

28、.After I ate my dinner, they came.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可都用過(guò)去完成體，少，如by the time By the time they had come, I had eaten my dinner.第三十五張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月V. Imaginary use of past perfective1. 用于由if, if only, as if引導(dǎo)的分句中： If only you had told me before.2. 用于I wish, Id rather等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的that- 分句中： I would rather you had told

29、 her the truth.3. 用于expect, think, intend, mean (= intend) want, suppose等動(dòng)詞，表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn) 的希望、打算或意圖： I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.第三十六張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月VI. More on the use of perfective aspect1. 完成體與have got/ have got to 我得到了一本新字典。 I have got a new dictionary. 我有一本新字典。（口語(yǔ)） I ha

30、ve a new dictionary. I have got a new dictionary./ I have got no time. I have got to do it. = I have to do it.2. It is / will be the first time that I have been here. It was the first time that I had been here.第三十七張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Multiple Choice_, the players began the game. A) Having taken our

31、 seats B) Being taken the seats C) After we had taken our seats D) Taking the seats2. The Curies discovered radium after they _. A) were married B) had been married C) married D) have marriedCC第三十八張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. “Lets hurry. The President is coming.” “Oh, hasnt he come yet? I was afraid we

32、_.” A) already miss him B) has already missed him C) had already missed him D) have already missed him4. You will hardly believe it, but this is the third time tonight someone _ me. A) telephoned B) has telephoned C) telephones D) should telephoneCB第三十九張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. You love your only son

33、and indulge him so much that you _ him harm. A) are doing B) have done C) will have done D) are doing to do6. The company _ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. A) is promised B) is promising C) has been promising D) promisedAC第四十張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. It has been about 7 years

34、since they _. A) got married B) got marry C) get married D) have married8. As a young man he did not know that he _ become famous later on. A) was to B) should C) was going to D) wouldAA第四十一張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9. We _ the cold winter for the past 2 years. A) would have B) had C) have had D) have be

35、en having10. She _ when that young man dived in and saved her. A) drowned B) was drowning C) was going to drown D) had drownedDB第四十二張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月11. He _ many of the experiences he ever _ in his childhood. A) gradually forget had B) is gradually forgetting had C) was gradually forgetting had

36、 D) have gradually forgotten had12. You have been within an inch of life and _ it. A) havent known B) didnt know C) do not know D) hadnt knownBB第四十三張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月13. Our university is no longer what she _. A) had been B) had C) was D) will be14. She gave me that notebook on my birthday, and I

37、 _ it in my drawer. A) have since kept B) since kept C) am since keeping D) had since keptCA第四十四張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月15. You _ your books about. A) constantly leave B) are constantly leaving C) constantly left D) have constantly left16. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been all

38、possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A) were B) had been C) have been D) wasBD第四十五張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月17. She _ clean out the space room last week, but was too much occupied at that time. A) intended to B) was intended to C) had intended to D) has intended to18. When I saw her s

39、miling face, I knew she _ good news of her husband. A) has B) has had C) had had D) was havingCC第四十六張，PPT共五十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月19. He did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for the simple reason that he _ asleep while watching television. A) had fallen B) has fallen C) fell D) was falling20. Henry would rather that his girl friend _ in the same department as he does. A) works B)