外國(guó)文學(xué)哈姆雷特revision解析課件

1、哈姆萊特莎士比亞哈姆雷特莎士比亞William Shakespeare1558-1603 Characteristics:A. Religious toleranceB. Comparative social contentment(1)Social order and political stability(2)Great development of national economy(3)Expansion of foreign trade and markets - defeat of the Spanish fleet(4)Establishment of nationalistic

2、consciousness(5)Improvement of peoples life Age of dreams, of adventures, of unbounded enthusiasm and of great confidenceElizabethan Drama Shakespeares Predecessors The University Wits Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Dr. Faustus William Shakespeare1564-1616Born April 1564 in Stratford-upon-AvonWilli

3、am Shakespeares HomeStratford Grammar SchoolLife in London1582 at age 18 married Anne Hathaway 1592 (28 years old) went to LondonWorking as actor and playwrightFirst accused of borrowing from other playwrights1592-1594 PlagueShakespeare Prospers1598 built Globe TheatreOwned shares in it GentlemenRec

4、ognized as a genius in his own time The Globe TheatreThe hell at the bottom was a space for devils and others to emerge.Roof or covering was called the heavens. Honored as Actor and PlaywrightQueen Elizabeth dies in 1603King James I takes the throneShakespeares company becomes the Kings MenMember of

5、 famous writers groupDeath and Burial at Stratford1610 retired from theatreDies on April 23, 1616 at age 52In death, he leaves a final piece of verse as his epitaph:Good friend, for Jesus sake forbearTo dig the dust enclosed here.Blessed be the man that spares these stones,And cursed be he that move

6、s my bones.His Career:Sonneteer : 154 sonnetsPlaywright: 38 playsRomantic comedies Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth. The Merchant of Venice His romantic tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness. Great tragediesHa

7、mlet OthelloKing LearMacbeth William Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 活著，還是去死，這真是一個(gè)值得思慮的問(wèn)題。哈姆雷特 有一千個(gè)讀者，就會(huì)有一千個(gè)哈姆雷特。恩格斯William ShakespeareHamlet, Act IScene 1: The Ghost, the setting & contextScene 2: Claudius, Gertrude, & HamletScene 3: Laertes, Ophelia, & PoloniusScenes 4 & 5: Hamlet and the G

8、hostHamlet, Act IIScene 1: Polonius and ReynaldoScene 2: Rosencrantz and GuildensternPolonius, Gertrude, and ClaudiusPolonius and HamletHamlet and Rosencrantz & GuildensternHamlet and the PlayersHamlet, Act IIIScene 1: The plot thickens; Hamlet and OpheliaScene 2: Hamlet and the Players Hamlet and H

9、oratioHamlet and OpheliaThe Play within a PlayScene 3: Claudiuss PrayerScene 4: Hamlet & Gertrude; Polonius slainHamlet, Act IVScene 1: Disposing of the corpseScene 2: Hamlet and Rosencrantz & GuildlensternScene 3: In search of the corpseHamlet and CladiusHamlet departs for EnglandHamlet, Act IVScen

10、e 4: Fortinbras marches; Hamlet reflectsScene 5: Ophelias “madness”Laertes “storms” the castleLaertes and OpheliaScene 6: Letter from Hamlet re: pirate shipScene 7: Cladius and Laertes conspireOphelia diesHamlet, Act VScene 1: Clown and gravediggerHamlet and YorickOphelias burialScene 2: Hamlet expl

11、ains his trickOsric invites Hamlet to fencing matchMadness and mayhem ensueFortinbras claims DenmarkThe Ghost of Hamlets Father28He who hesitates is lostWhat the Ghost RequestsThe ghost tells Hamlet to avenge his death. This means that Hamlet will have to kill his uncle.The ghost tells Hamlet not to

12、 harm his mother, but let God determine what will become of her.What Hamlet DoesGets angrySwears to get revengeStarts to think about the ghostIs it a good spirit, telling me the truth?Is it an evil spirit, misleading me?He begins to think, hesitate, and feels he needs more proof before he can act.Ha

13、mlets PlanTo “put on an antic怪誕的，稀奇古怪的disposition”This means hes going to act crazy. Why? What advantage will this offer to Hamlet?Insert a scene in a play called “The Mousetrap” that the court will be seeing.The scene acts out the events of Hamlets fathers death.If the King acts nervous or upset, H

14、amlet will KNOW he is guilty.Plan BPlan AHamlets vengeancesClaudius prays, and Hamlet stops revengeHamlet mistakes Polonius for ClaudiusHamlet sends his friends to their deathsHamlets world falls apartThe Tragedy of HamletClaudiuss planLaureates helps the KingThe Queen changes thingsThe Final Confli

15、ctHamlet wins round one and twoLaureates poisons HamletThe Queen DiesHamlet stabs the KingHamlet diesFortenbrass invades經(jīng)典臺(tái)詞 To be, or not to be- that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by o

16、pposing end them. 經(jīng)典臺(tái)詞生存或毀滅, 這是個(gè)必答之問(wèn)題: 是否應(yīng)默默的忍受坎苛命運(yùn)之無(wú)情打擊, 還是應(yīng)與深如大海之無(wú)涯苦難奮然為敵, 并將其克服。 此二抉擇, 就竟是哪個(gè)較崇高? 死即睡眠, 它不過(guò)如此! 倘若一眠能了結(jié)心靈之苦楚與肉體之百患, 那么, 此結(jié)局是可盼的! 哈姆雷特的影響莎翁對(duì)自己作品的評(píng)價(jià) （思想） “給自然照一面鏡子，給德行看一看自己的面目，給荒唐看一看自己的姿態(tài)，給時(shí)代和社會(huì)看一看自己的形象和印記。”William Shakespeare名家評(píng)論 （語(yǔ)言） “看到這些強(qiáng)烈的詞句你怎樣想？它們是這樣出人意料，不是遲緩地吃力地一個(gè)跟著一個(gè)而來(lái)，而是流暢地大量

17、地成千上萬(wàn)蜂擁而來(lái)，猶如泉水中涌出無(wú)數(shù)水泡，簇?fù)碓谝黄?，紛紜雜沓，層出不窮，使人來(lái)不及看到它們的擴(kuò)展，也來(lái)不及看到它們的。” 法泰納William Shakespeare “一千個(gè)讀者就會(huì)有一千個(gè)哈姆萊特”，讀完本文后，并請(qǐng)結(jié)合全劇，說(shuō)說(shuō)你心中的哈姆萊特是一個(gè)怎么樣的人？人物形象哈姆雷特 哈姆雷特是有理想、好思索的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)代人文主義者的典型。 在父死母嫁的悲劇發(fā)生之前，他對(duì)一節(jié)都充滿了希望，相信理想是會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。他肯定人、相信人，由衷地贊美人。他能平等待人，不以王子自居。他反對(duì)封建的血統(tǒng)論，認(rèn)為“胖胖的國(guó)王跟瘦瘦的乞丐是一個(gè)桌子上兩道不同的菜。”他肯定塵世生活，贊美和追求愛(ài)情。劇中：身穿墨黑的

18、外套，臉色悲苦沮喪，酷愛(ài)思索而又一再延誤行動(dòng)的憂郁的王子?，F(xiàn)在一般用“哈姆雷特”來(lái)比喻那些遇事猶豫不決、顧慮重重的人。 名 家 觀 點(diǎn) “從天性上說(shuō)，哈姆萊特是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的人，他精力充沛，靈魂偉大，他在軟弱時(shí)也是偉大而強(qiáng)有力的，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)精神強(qiáng)大的人，即使跌倒，也比一個(gè)軟弱的人奮起的時(shí)候高明。” 別林斯基 哈姆雷特挑著理性的燈籠在尋找大寫的人。 蘇聯(lián)阿尼克斯特 William Shakespeare名 家 觀 點(diǎn) “一個(gè)美麗、純潔、高貴而道德高尚的人，他沒(méi)有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的精力使他成為英雄，卻在一個(gè)重?fù)?dān)下毀滅，每個(gè)責(zé)任對(duì)它都是神圣的，這個(gè)責(zé)任卻是太沉重他是怎樣地徘徊、輾轉(zhuǎn)、恐懼、進(jìn)退維谷，總是觸景生情，總

19、是回憶過(guò)去，最后幾乎失卻他面前的目。” 歌德William Shakespeare纖弱而又明達(dá)的心靈 Vs 無(wú)法承受的重任。歌德：“這是一株橡樹(shù)給我栽在一個(gè)只應(yīng)開(kāi)放嬌嫩的花朵的花瓶里?！惫防滋兀粋€(gè)純潔，高尚，有道德，有知識(shí)，有決心，只能以思想代替行為，不可能成為英雄的人，就是那個(gè)“花瓶”；那項(xiàng)他承擔(dān)不起，幾乎連渺茫的希望都沒(méi)有，但又決不可推卸的復(fù)仇重任，就是那株“橡樹(shù)”。 一旦“橡樹(shù)”的根須膨脹開(kāi)來(lái)，“花瓶”就非給擠破不可，這就是悲劇。名 家 觀 點(diǎn) “哈姆萊特像我們每一個(gè)人一樣真實(shí)，但又要比我們偉大。他是一個(gè)巨人，卻又是一個(gè)真實(shí)的人。因?yàn)楣啡R特不是你，也不是我，而是我們大家。哈姆萊特不

20、是某一個(gè)人，而是人?！?雨果如何看待哈姆萊特這一藝術(shù)形象？關(guān)于哈姆萊特，一般認(rèn)為，憂郁、延宕（猶豫、拖延）是他性格中的兩大特征關(guān)于哈姆雷特的“延宕”的問(wèn)題 歷代評(píng)論家和大作家都有關(guān)于哈姆雷特長(zhǎng)于思考而短于行動(dòng)的議論，甚至歌德也認(rèn)為哈姆雷特缺乏行動(dòng)的能力。哈姆雷特了解簡(jiǎn)單任務(wù)的全部復(fù)雜性，他可以一劍刺死克勞狄斯，為父報(bào)仇。但他肩負(fù)著更為重要的“重整乾坤”的責(zé)任，他要把以克勞狄斯為代表的邪惡勢(shì)力全部鏟除。要是采用暗殺的手段，哈姆雷特的斗爭(zhēng)便失去了意義。由于雙方力量對(duì)比懸殊，也使得哈姆雷特在行動(dòng)過(guò)程中，要處處小心，時(shí)時(shí)謹(jǐn)慎。表面上也會(huì)使人理解為“猶豫不決”。 “上帝??！上帝！ 這人世間的一切常行慣例對(duì)于我 顯得多可厭、陳腐、乏味和無(wú)聊！ 呸呸！啊，這是個(gè)蕪穢的荒園， 叢生著野草；到處是藜蒿與荊蓁， 塞地幔天?！薄皶r(shí)代脫臼了，真糟糕，天生我要把它板正過(guò)來(lái)” 哈姆雷特意識(shí)到，他的責(zé)任不是單純地復(fù)仇，殺死一個(gè)克勞狄斯，而是要重整乾坤，消滅一切罪惡，按照人文主義的理想來(lái)改造現(xiàn)實(shí)。哈姆雷特對(duì)克勞狄斯的懺悔后的反應(yīng)：“現(xiàn)在我正好動(dòng)手，他正在禱告。我現(xiàn)在就干，他就一命歸天，我也就報(bào)了仇了。這需要算一算。一個(gè)惡漢殺死了我的父親，我這個(gè)獨(dú)生子把這個(gè)惡漢卻