船舶防抗臺須知

1、舟6舟白防抗臺納矢口Instruction for defend-typhoon.船舶防臺應(yīng)貫徹“以防為主，防抗結(jié)合，適時早避，留有余地”的方針，在船長指揮下， 確保船舶平安。VessePs defend-typhoon should carry out the rule Prevention is first, Defend combines with resist, Avoid early, margin Enough”. Ensure the ships safety under the command of captain.在港口防臺指揮部的統(tǒng)一指揮下做好防臺工作，并加強(qiáng)與岸上其它有關(guān)

2、部門的聯(lián)系。 Under the command of port defend-typhoon headquarters, take measure to defend typhoon, strengthen the communication with other relevant department.船長應(yīng)主動多渠道了解港口防臺規(guī)定和當(dāng)?shù)胤琅_的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)I,因地制宜采取預(yù)防措 施。凡檢修主機(jī)，必須征得當(dāng)?shù)馗劭谥鞴軝C(jī)關(guān)同意。Captain should get the defend-typhoon regulations of port and local experiences, ta

3、ke precaution accordingly. Before overhaul main engine, should get the approval of local port authority.當(dāng)港口懸掛臺風(fēng)一號風(fēng)球（或?qū)Ρ靖塾杏绊懀r，應(yīng)立即通知上岸船員回船，積極做好 防臺準(zhǔn)備，寧可防而不來，不可來而無備。船長應(yīng)親自檢查各部門防臺準(zhǔn)備工作情況， 真正做到思想，組織和技術(shù)措施“三落實(shí)”。When no.l wind ball is hung, should inform crew onshore to come back and prepare for defend-typhoo

4、n. Captain should check all departments preparation in mental, organizing, technicology.有關(guān)防臺措施，現(xiàn)場觀察資料及遇到的重大問題，應(yīng)認(rèn)真記入航海日志，每次防臺工作 都要按公司要求認(rèn)真總結(jié)，改進(jìn)缺乏之處。Defend-typhoon measure, observing data and encountering important matter should be filled in log book. Summarize the defend-typhoon work after typhoon bas

5、ed on the demand of company and improve the shortage.錨泊防臺Defend-typhoon in anchorage錨泊防臺應(yīng)選擇底質(zhì)好，有足夠水深，并能遮蔽最大施虐風(fēng)向及長浪的錨位，應(yīng)與附 近船只及障礙物保持足夠的平安距離，應(yīng)盡量防止在風(fēng)口和水流湍急之處下錨防臺。Place for anchorage: good quality seabed, sufficient water in depth, countering against winds and waves, enough distance with dangerous obstr

6、uctive objects and other vessels. Avoid drop anchor in wind mouth and turbulent current.由港方指定的防臺泊位，假設(shè)船長認(rèn)為該泊位不能保障平安時，應(yīng)及早向港方提出調(diào)整。 移泊的時間應(yīng)主動與港方商量，留有余地，防止措手不及。If captain think the anchor position ordered by port authority is unsafe for defend-typhoon, should connect with port authority for adjustment.63錨

7、泊抗臺應(yīng)盡量減少受風(fēng)面積，尤應(yīng)盡量減少首部的受風(fēng)面積，稍有首縱傾也好。Defend-typhoon in anchorage should reduce the area to bear wind, especially reduce bows to bear the wind even if a little of fore-and-aft lean.一點(diǎn)錨法（單點(diǎn)拋雙錨法）一點(diǎn)錨法即雙側(cè)錨同時拋下，松同樣長錨鏈，應(yīng)好似兩個錨拋在一點(diǎn)上一樣（實(shí)際兩錨的距 離等于兩錨鏈孔間的距離）。據(jù)我國各地防抗御大風(fēng)、急流和臺風(fēng)是一種很好的錨泊方式， 幾乎在防抗臺風(fēng)中是被推為首選的錨泊方法。操作方法是：船腦

8、迎著風(fēng)流同時拋下雙側(cè)錨，待雙錨向前漸漸伸開始吃力時，雙側(cè)錨鏈緩松 下放長，左右描鏈松放的速度要一致，錨鏈長度要一樣，松至所需節(jié)數(shù)時雙鏈剎住，在這期 間配合車舵，使錨鏈到預(yù)定長度船也同時停住，兩錨鏈均勻受力為妥，拋錨的時機(jī)選擇很重 要，注意風(fēng)流的方向，要防止拋錨過程中風(fēng)流合力的作用，使船艄橫移而造成雙錨鏈絞纏。 起錨也同起單錨一樣，雙錨同時絞，當(dāng)快離底前，停絞一錨，繼續(xù)絞另一錨直至出水，再絞 被停絞的一錨。One-point anchor (one point two anchors)One-point anchof, means dropping two anchors simultaneou

9、sly. Send same length of two anchor chain as if two anchors are dropped to one point. Based on our countrys experiences, this way is a recommended way which defends heavy wind, turbulent current and typhoon.錨拋妥后，錨機(jī)剎車帶應(yīng)旋緊，制鏈器應(yīng)合上，可用鋼絲繩將錨鏈固定，防止錨鏈滑出。 After anchors dropping, close the windlass brake belt

10、, shut chain break, fasten chain with wire-rope, prevent chain slip out.無論“八字錨”、“一點(diǎn)錨”或單錨加止蕩錨抗臺，都應(yīng)在臺風(fēng)中心經(jīng)過風(fēng)力明顯減小那 個間隙時間，絞起一個錨，適時再拋，防止兩鏈糾纏。Regardless of open hawse anchor, one-point anchor or single anchor plus yaw-checking anchor, should wind one anchor, then drop again appropriately, to avoid tanglin

11、g of anchor chains, after center of typhoon passed and wind reduced.用雷達(dá)選擇附近顯著的目標(biāo)或岸形，用以監(jiān)視本船有無走錨，是一種有效的方法，值 班駕駛員應(yīng)劃出本船回旋范圍錨位，對正橫目標(biāo)測其方位，對首尾目標(biāo)測量其距離， 以求及早發(fā)現(xiàn)本船有無走錨，對周圍船舶應(yīng)標(biāo)出其位，注意其變化防止意外事故。Select obvious object or shore type by radar supervise drag anchor or not. It is an effective way. Duty officer should l

12、ine out the scope of anchor involution, measure the position of object in abeam, measure the distance of object in stern, in order to find in time drag anchor or not. Mark the surrounding ships position and heed their change to prevent accident.當(dāng)風(fēng)力增至六級時，全船進(jìn)入航行值班，備好主機(jī)，派人到船頭值錨更，注意觀察錨 鏈?zhǔn)芰η闆r，隨時向駕駛臺報告，為防

13、止錨鏈過度受力并盡量減少偏蕩,可適當(dāng)用車用 舵。When the wind force reaches Beaufort No.6, navigation duty should be arranged, stand by main engine, assign crew to anchor watch, heed to observe the condition of chain, report to bridge momentarily, reduce yawing in order to avoid chain being over forced, may use engine and

14、helm appropriately.切忌在大風(fēng)浪中絞錨，因?yàn)榕貌缓?，就會引起急速走錨，難于控制。如果必須絞動 錨時，應(yīng)備好車，車、舵、錨一起協(xié)調(diào)動作，必要時先動車后絞錨，或者一邊動車 一邊絞錨?？傊仨殗?yán)防在絞動錨時被風(fēng)一下壓向下風(fēng)。No tangling of anchor chains in high wind and wave. Tt maybe brings drag anchor. It is difficult to control. If winding anchor is necessary, should stand by engine. Engine, helm, a

15、nchor should coordinate. If necessary, should start engine before winding anchor or start engine as soon as winding anchor. In summary, should prevent ship being blown to lee side when winding anchor.假設(shè)走錨擱淺已不可防止，應(yīng)盡量防止船尾擱淺，而且要千方百計使船固定，為臺風(fēng)過 后脫淺減少困難。If drag anchor and grounding is inevitable, should to

16、 the greatest extent avoid grounding stern, as much as possible fix ship, make refloating more easier after typhoon.不僅應(yīng)該注意本船的平安，亦應(yīng)防止船外事故，一旦被碰，除了盡量防止要害部位被 撞和盡量減少損失之外，應(yīng)取得被碰的第一手證據(jù)和資料。Except that heed own vessePs safety, should prevent accident arising from outside. If being collided, should get first h

17、and testimony and information besides avoid important part being collided and to the greatest extent reduce the damage.碼頭防臺Defend-typhoon at berth.確定在碼頭防臺時，船長應(yīng)與碼頭主管部門商定好防臺系帶方案及遇緊急情況時之協(xié) 同方法。Captain should negotiate with port authority to decide defend-typhoon scheme and coordinate way in emergency.在碼

18、頭防臺應(yīng)及早加強(qiáng)系纜，對最大施虐風(fēng)向的系纜應(yīng)加足夠，該帶在防臺纜樁的應(yīng) 及時帶上。在導(dǎo)纜孔、導(dǎo)纜滾筒等易磨擦的地方加墊物。十分重要的一點(diǎn)，務(wù)使在一 個方向系帶的纜保持受力均勻。At berth should strengthen mooring lines earlier, strengthen enough mooring lines to wind. If mooring lines need to tie defend-typhoon bollard, should tie in time. Put fenders on mooring hole, fair leader and oth

19、er friction places. It is very important that make mooring lines have balances pressure.要注意檢查碼頭固定的碰墊是否完好，有無異常突出的東西，防止在風(fēng)浪中損壞船殼， 必要時應(yīng)增加碰墊或浮墊。Check fixed fender is good or not. Prevent ship body is damaged by abnormal things. If necessary, add fender or floating fender.倘兩輪并靠防臺，要求不能傾斜，船與船之間有足夠的浮墊，并準(zhǔn)備好碰墊

20、，對于伸 出舷外的東西，必須收進(jìn)固定好。If two vessels alongside defend typhoon, no lean, enough float fender, be prepare for collide fender. For the reached part, should place them in position and fix.風(fēng)力增加到8級時，全船應(yīng)按靠離碼頭部署，各就崗位，看管好系纜。When the wind reaches 8 level, should be arranged as sailing from berth. Every crew get in position and look for mooring lines.船廠防臺Defend-typhoon in shipyard當(dāng)臺風(fēng)季節(jié)船舶進(jìn)廠修理，特別是對四機(jī)一爐或船上影響防抗臺一些設(shè)備的修理工 程，必須把在船