高考書面表達

1、高考書面表達教學 提 綱一、高考書面表達中的典型錯誤及應對策略二、我校高三書面表達教學的做法 （一） 基 礎 寫 作 訓練 1. 熟悉句型 連詞成句 2.句子間、段落間的銜接、過渡的寫作與訓練 3.簡單句的轉換訓練 4.高級詞匯和較復雜結構的寫作與訓練 （二）專題 寫 作 訓練 （三）書面表達評價模式 高考書面表達針對訓練.用更貼切的詞或短語分別來代替畫線部分的詞或短語1The boy realized the danger and began to run away.答案：was aware of2. I dont know how to enlarge my vocabulary.答案：h

2、ave no idea較好表達 ： Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player in the world. The big man from China is 2.26m _. As a superstar, he also _ great skill and speed. In the Houston Rockets he acted _ a center and _no effort in each game so as to live his dream. Not only Chinese _ foreigners like Yao Ming ver

3、y much. 答案：as; tall; has; as; spared; but (also) （三）簡單句的轉換訓練 1. 掌握簡單句轉換的三種方法： 轉換句子結構 轉換句型 轉換詞語 2. 針對訓練2. 轉換句型 寫作中常用于轉換的三個重點句型： there be句型there be句型也是簡單句中的一種常用句型。有時there be還能夠換用there seems/seemed to be，there happened to be，there may/might be，there must be，there cant be，there ought to/should be等。Eg. T

4、here happened to be a lot of people on the playground.較好表達 ： Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player in the world. The big man from China is 2.26m _. As a superstar, he also _ great skill and speed. In the Houston Rockets he acted _ a center and _no effort in each game so as to live his dream. Not

5、only Chinese _ foreigners like Yao Ming very much. 答案：as; tall; has; as; spared; but (also)拆分修改：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually because it has allowed us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent ability. Whats more, we really feel much happier than

6、 ever before. （一個主從復合句、一個簡單句，連接詞使句子流暢連貫） 棄舊取新寫作中要恰當?shù)皿w地使用高中學過的、較長的詞匯。We all have the same chance.We all possess the same chance (opportunity)We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend.We have endless homework to do at the weekend.（二）句子間、段落間的銜接、過渡的寫作與訓練 1. 寫法指導 2. 針對訓練1. 寫法指導連接(過渡)性詞語歸納：如，表示起始關系的過

7、渡性詞語：first of all, above all, according to, 2. 針對訓練在下面空格中填入準確的連接詞，使句子的銜接更加緊密。 1English is a useful language. _， it is an official language in the UN. _，it is widely used in business, science and technology.答案：For one thing; For another (thing)答案：On one side of the road there is a new multimedia buil

8、ding. On the other side, where the playground used to be, now stands another new building our library, in which you can find all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. A new playground is now in the front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. 書 面 表 達 評 價 強 化

9、 表 班級_ 姓名_ 組_ 互評者姓名_ Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework 一、高考書面表達中的 典型錯誤及應對策略高考書面表達中的典型錯誤 （一）審題、構思上的錯誤 （二）詞法上的錯誤 （三）句法結構上的錯誤 （四）“高級表達”誤區(qū)現(xiàn)象 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the work

10、book and finish the questions.Homework（一）審題、構思上的錯誤 1.審題草率，偏離主題，缺漏要點或無限發(fā)揮。對策：制定合理的答題方案，完成書表要安排充足的時間，一般20-25分鐘。下筆前，認真審題，弄清文章的主題、體裁、時態(tài)等，歸納出內容要點，列出提綱，打草稿，用8-10句英語句子表達出來，切勿匆匆下筆。另外，注意根據(jù)需要適當發(fā)揮，一般一至兩句，不可無限發(fā)揮而影響了重要內容的表達。比如今年的高考英語作文答案，有兩處根據(jù)提示實行了適當發(fā)揮：1.給出了接機原因：since this is his first visit to the U.S. 2. 描述了叔叔

11、所穿衣服的顏色：And he will be in a blue jacket.2. 思路混亂，從頭至尾只有一段，或隨意過多地分段，發(fā)表觀點類的作文中常犯自相矛盾的錯誤。如“以高中生對文、理科的選擇為話題，用英語介紹一下你所做的選擇，并說明理由”，有的考生第一段就亮明了觀點“選擇理科”“I decided to choose science as my main subject. The reasons are as follows. ”接下來，便說明了選理科的理由，但在文章快要結束時卻寫道“But my physics is weak. Whats more, I like history

12、very much, so I decided on arts as my main subject of study.” 這樣前后自相矛盾，不知道考生的選擇到底是什么。高考書面表達對策：考生可根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序以及事物之間的內在聯(lián)系，實行合理排序、分段。首段要點明主題，亮明觀點，中間段圍繞主題展開描述，根據(jù)需要可用一至兩段，結尾段一定要呼應首段，將主題升華（首尾呼應，結尾升華），不要出現(xiàn)自相矛盾的情況。如今年的高考英語作文答案，首段開門見山，亮明寫信目的：Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city

13、for a conference.第二段詢問能否到機場迎接叔叔。第三段描述了關于叔叔的具體信息。結尾段（已給出）呼應了首段。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework（二）詞法上的錯誤1. 詞匯搭配不當，如：問題句： I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.對策：平時熟記高頻單詞、固定搭配，考試時，在使用某個單詞或者短語時，慎重考慮這個

14、單詞或短語與其它內容是否搭配。to2詞性中的張冠李戴, 如：My English is very well.good.I want to make friends with students from others country.other countries.對策：平時記單詞時除了詞義，還要識記其詞性、名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性、動詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性、及物與不及物等。寫作時，如果對所寫單詞的詞性沒有把握，可換用其它的單詞。3. 時態(tài)錯誤絕大部分考生段首句子的時態(tài)還準確，但段中就開始出錯，或者前半句時態(tài)還準確，后半句就錯了。因為這部分考生對各種時態(tài)的用法以及什么樣的文體該用什么時態(tài)還弄不清。如

15、：Id be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp. acceptI was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.had對策：弄清各種文體對應的時態(tài)，如日記應該用過去時態(tài)，通知用將來時態(tài)，發(fā)表觀點類的文章及圖表作文用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，書信根據(jù)需要能夠交叉使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、將來時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)。寫完后還要認真檢查，看一下時態(tài)呼應一致方面是否出現(xiàn)了錯誤。4. 語態(tài)錯誤形式多為：不及物動詞誤用被動形式，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化拼寫錯誤，該用被動語態(tài)的

16、地方?jīng)]有用被動語態(tài)。如：I got a message that a summer camp will be hold in Singapore.heldI hope I will accept as a member of your summer camp.be accepted對策：平時有意識地實行主、被動語態(tài)方面的轉換練習，熟記不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化形式。寫作時，要確保使用被動形式的是及物動詞，檢查動詞的過去分詞形式是否寫錯，并思考一下此處語態(tài)應用是否合適。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading T

17、ask in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework（三）句法結構上的錯誤1. 句子結構不完整閱卷發(fā)現(xiàn)：句子結構不完整的情況常出現(xiàn)在定語從句以及需要跟雙賓語的動詞結構中。如：Id like to communicate with students come from foreign countries. whoI can tell the foreign students about China.something對策：掌握好主謂、主謂賓、主系表、主謂雙賓、主謂賓補五種基本句型和there be結構。通過翻譯、改錯、改寫、轉換句型等將句法結

18、構內化，要有意識地經(jīng)常使用已糾正的常錯句型，注意句子結構的完整性。 2. 懸垂修飾語現(xiàn)象懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語或修飾語與后面句子的邏輯關系混亂不清。分詞、不定式、動名詞和省略句作為修飾語時考生受漢語影響常會出現(xiàn)懸垂現(xiàn)象。如：In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired. our school will hire a foreign teacher. At the age of 19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.When my s

19、ister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University./ When I was 19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.對策：使用非謂語動詞和省略句作為修飾語時，要注意使它們的邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致（獨立主格結構除外）。使用短語作從句時，要記住短語所表達的內容不得與后面主句所描述的內容有所沖突或者造成歧義。3. 漢語式英語，逐字翻譯比如表達“我對這項活動感興趣，想?yún)⒓?。”Im interested in the activity and want to take part

20、 in.it.表達“公園里有一則告示，上面寫道：注意安全，道路光滑?！盩here is a notice in the park, writing：“To take notice of safe, slippery sideway. ”saying：“Watch your step. Slippery sideway. ”對策：養(yǎng)成用英語思維實行寫作的習慣，不逐字翻譯題目所列的要求，遇到自己沒有把握的，可換一種方式表達。4. 語法關系不一致表現(xiàn)為：主謂不一致、指代不一致、單復數(shù)不一致、比較對象不一致、時態(tài)不一致等方面。如：In the bedroom there are a bed, a de

21、sk and a chair. isThe shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like it.them.對策：日常學習中，要多留心各種特殊的語法關系，注意培養(yǎng)英語語感。寫作完成后，只要認真檢查，就能夠避免類似錯誤的出現(xiàn)。5. 重復累贅 如：I can speak fluent English fluently.I can speak fluent English./ I can speak English fluently.Just as the saying goes “every coin has two sides,” it is th

22、e same with the private cars, that is to say, it has its disadvantages. 省略簡化：Just as the saying goes, “every coin has two sides,” so does the private cars. /Every coin has two sides, so does the private cars.對策： 英語有一個原則叫簡潔原則（又叫經(jīng)濟原則）能用三詞不用四詞。平時實行長句短寫訓練，學會用省略的方法使句子簡潔明了。寫作完成后，要認真檢查，看有無重復累贅句。7. 句式結構單一，無

23、連接詞 如：Im Li Hua. Im a middle school student. Im from China.修改：Im Li Hua, a middle school student from China.You practise more reading, you will improve your reading ability.修改： If you practise more reading, you will/Practise more reading and you will對策：學會恰當使用連接詞、同位語、非謂語動詞、短語等對結構單一的英語句子實行合并，實行簡單句和復合句

24、的轉換訓練，逐步掌握較復雜句式。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework（四）“高級表達”誤區(qū)現(xiàn)象很多考生（尤其成績較好的）在寫作時，將過多的注意力放在“高級表達”上面。他們過多使用所謂的“高級詞匯”、 “高級語法結構”， 以期能讓自己的作文“技高一籌”，提升得分檔次。但好多情況下卻弄巧成拙，造成了復雜結構堆砌，錯誤百出。即陷入了所謂“高級表達”的誤區(qū)。這種現(xiàn)象在考卷中也很普遍。如：For so ma

25、ny years tough studying, I have conquered English. I totally master English. I can speak magnificent English. And I want to make my voice be widely heard throughout the world. So I want to take part in your summer camp.修改：Ive been learning English for many years, and I speak fluent English now. What

26、 is more, Ill be able to tell students from other countries something about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.又如：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually not only because it has given us more space to deve

27、lop our critical thinking and independent ability but also because we really feel much happier than ever before.(用詞39個，含一個賓語從句，兩個狀語從句，太冗長。 ) 拆分修改：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually because it has allowed us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent abi

28、lity. Whats more, we really feel much happier than ever before. （一個主從復合句、一個簡單句，連接詞使句子流暢連貫）對策：使用詞匯、語法結構應該簡潔、準確、恰當、通俗易懂，少用生僻詞，同時在達到了基本的組句水平以后，再去恰當追求寫復雜結構的句子，不要為了所謂的“高級結構”而牽強使用，走出所謂“高級結構”的誤區(qū)。對于冗長啰嗦的長句子可使用拆分省略法，使其簡潔有力。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook a

29、nd finish the questions.Homework二、基 礎 寫 作 訓練（一）熟悉句型 連詞成句句型結構：主語+系動詞+表語 “There + be + 主語”（存有句型） 主謂結構 主謂賓結構 雙賓語結構 復合賓語結構 祈使句結構 感嘆句結構 并列句結構 復合句結構（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句、狀語從句）如：主語+系動詞+表語 句型結構1. 示例Eg. Smith is a boss/over 40/smart/in a room/to go to see a film/excited/out.2. 仿寫句子,連詞成句。如：光學習英語而不使用是沒用的。

30、It is no use/useless learning English without using it.3. 連句成段 如：他的愿望是當個科學家。最終，他的愿望實現(xiàn)了。His wish was to become a scientist. At last, it came true. （二）句子間、段落間的銜接、過渡的寫作與訓練 1. 寫法指導 2. 針對訓練1. 寫法指導連接(過渡)性詞語歸納：如，表示起始關系的過渡性詞語：first of all, above all, according to, so far, as far as, to begin with, in my opi

31、nion，up to now等。例 迄今為止，諸事順利。(1)Everything is in order up to now. (2)Everything is in order up to this time. (3)Everything is in order so far. 2. 針對訓練在下面空格中填入準確的連接詞，使句子的銜接更加緊密。 1English is a useful language. _， it is an official language in the UN. _，it is widely used in business, science and technol

32、ogy.答案：For one thing; For another (thing)2為了減少交通事故，首先，政府應該采取相對應措施，比如發(fā)展公共交通。其次，人們應該遵守交通規(guī)則，尤其是司機。In order to reduce the traffic accidents, _， the government should take some proper measures, _ developing public traffic. _， people should obey traffic rules, especially the drivers. 答案：first; such as; Se

33、cond （三）簡單句的轉換訓練 1. 掌握簡單句轉換的三種方法： 轉換句子結構 轉換句型 轉換詞語 2. 針對訓練1. 轉換句子結構例 你每天幫我學英語。你太好了！一般： You help me study English every day. You are very kind. (“一般表達”,句子之間的關系松散)較好： Its very kind of you to help me learn English every day. 較好： How kind of you to help me learn English every day! (it作形式主語的句子或感嘆句讀起來很流暢)

34、 2. 轉換句型 寫作中常用于轉換的三個重點句型： there be句型there be句型也是簡單句中的一種常用句型。有時there be還能夠換用there seems/seemed to be，there happened to be，there may/might be，there must be，there cant be，there ought to/should be等。Eg. There happened to be a lot of people on the playground. 感嘆句感嘆句是作文中很有用的一種句型，常見的感嘆句有兩種：句型1 What(冠詞)形容詞名詞

35、主謂結構感嘆號句型2 How形容詞或副詞主謂結構感嘆號What an interesting film (it is)! How interesting a film (it is)! 強調句型強調句型也是常用的一種句型，其結構是：It is/was被強調部分that/who原句其他部分。I met my friend in the street yesterday. It was I who/that met my friend in the street yesterday. It was my friend that I met in the street yesterday.It wa

36、s in the street that I met my friend yesterday.3. 轉換詞語 例 杰克是我們學校的學生。他學習特別努力。一般： Jack studies in our school. He studies very hard.（重復使用study，顯得呆板）較好： Jack studies in our school. He works hard at his lessons.(詞語轉換后，句子就“活”起來了)一般：Mother went to work in a hurry. She didnt have breakfast. 較好：Mother went t

37、o work in a hurry without having breakfast. 針對訓練.簡單句轉換(轉換詞語或句型) 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。原句： Its good for our health to eat more fruit and vegetables.轉換： (1)Eating more fruit and vegetables _ good for our health.(2)Eating more fruit and vegetables does _ our health.(3)We benefit more _ fruit and vegetables.答案：(1

38、)is (2)good to (3)from.根據(jù)“一般表達”的意思，完成“較好表達”中的句子(使用簡單句)。一般表達： Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. He is tall and handsome. He played in NBA. He has a talent for basketball. He plays very hard every time. He wants to realize his dream. We Chinese like him very much. The foreigners like him too. 較好

39、表達 ： Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player in the world. The big man from China is 2.26m _. As a superstar, he also _ great skill and speed. In the Houston Rockets he acted _ a center and _no effort in each game so as to live his dream. Not only Chinese _ foreigners like Yao Ming very much. 答案：as

40、; tall; has; as; spared; but (also)（四）高級詞匯和較復雜結構的寫作與訓練1. 使用高級詞匯 多實少虛寫作中多用specific words，少使用general words，多用蘊含感情色彩的詞語，少用中性詞。如good指人時可用以下形容詞替換：kind, honest, generous, selfless, brave, warmhearted, sympathetic, honorable, humorous, smart, gentle等；good指事物或事情時可用以下形容詞替換：great, fantastic, splendid, marvelo

41、us, excellent, wonderful, meaningful, enjoyable, nice等。 以下句子中的形容詞雖然都能夠用good代替，但遠不如原句出彩。I hope everyone can have a wonderful time.He is a warmhearted teacher.This is really a nice idea to go climbing Mount Hua this weekend. 短語優(yōu)先I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.I can no longer put up with

42、the way he speaks to us.He didn t listen to what I said in the class.He turned a deaf ear to what I said in the class. 棄舊取新寫作中要恰當?shù)皿w地使用高中學過的、較長的詞匯。We all have the same chance.We all possess the same chance (opportunity)We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend.We have endless homework to do at t

43、he weekend. 避免重復I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches.I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches.2. 使用較復雜結構 1）改變時態(tài)和語態(tài)The bell is ringing now.There goes the bell!2）使用各種從句（名詞性從句、狀語從句、定語從句、同位語從句等） 3）使用虛擬語氣He didnt take my advice, so he failed in the exam.

44、If he had taken my advice, he wouldnt have failed in the exam.4) 改變句子開頭不要一味地采用“主語謂語賓語”的文法語序。能夠適當?shù)匕岩恍┏煞?如狀語) 放在句子開頭，這樣使整個句子讀起來跌宕起伏，增加書面表達的表現(xiàn)力。 用狀語開頭Our library is in the center of our school. It is between the garden and the teaching building. （一般）In the center of our school lies our library，which is

45、 between the garden and the teaching building. （高級） （全國卷）The girls felt tired but happy. They rode bikes to the school. （一般）Tired but happy, the girls rode bikes to the school. （高級） 以倒裝開頭Badly injured as he was，he managed to take down the cars number. （倒裝）（全國卷）Only in this way（by using it often） can

46、 I improve my English. （倒裝）（高級）以不定式短語開頭He came to Beijing to visit his uncle. （一般）To visit his uncle, he came to Beijing. （高級） 以同位語開頭一般句式： Shakespeare is a son and he is from a poor family. He had little education. He wrote many plays and poems. People all over the world like his plays and poems. （句式單一，啰嗦）黃金句式：Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world. (湖南卷 ) （以同位語開頭,用一個較復雜句式，表達層次清晰，句式多變） 以分詞或獨立主格結構開