理解戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境：內(nèi)部分析課件

1、 Understanding the Strategic Management Internal Audit: 理解戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境：內(nèi)部分析Vision & Mission Statements制定愿景和使命陳述Chapter 2External Audit實(shí)施外部分析Chapter 3Internal Audit實(shí)施外部分析Chapter 4Long Term Objectives建立長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)Chapter 5Generate, Evaluate, Select Strategies制定評(píng)價(jià)和選擇戰(zhàn)略Chapter 6Implement Strategies: Mgt. Issues戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施：管理

2、問(wèn)題Chapter 7Implement Strategies: Marketing. Fin.Acctg,R&D,CIS戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施：營(yíng)銷、財(cái)務(wù)、會(huì)計(jì)、研究開(kāi)發(fā)及計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題Chapter 8Measure & Evaluate Performance度量和評(píng)估績(jī)效Chapter 9Comprehensive Strategic Management Model綜合戰(zhàn)略管理模型Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Internal Strategic Management Audit 內(nèi)部戰(zhàn)略管理分析Functional areas of the business公司的職能部門Fo

3、cuses on developing objectives and strategies to capitalize on internal strengths and overcome weaknesses 關(guān)注目標(biāo)的確立和戰(zhàn)略的制定，以利用內(nèi)部?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)，克服劣勢(shì)Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Distinctive Competencies專有能力strengths that cannot be easily matched or imitated by competitors 不容易為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手比較或模仿的優(yōu)勢(shì)building competitive advantage inv

4、olves taking advantage of distinctive competencies 建立競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)涉及對(duì)專有能力的利用strategies to improve on a firms weaknesses and turn to strengths 克服公司的劣勢(shì)，將其轉(zhuǎn)換為優(yōu)勢(shì)的戰(zhàn)略Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Internal Audit內(nèi)部分析Gather & integrate information from:從下列收集和綜合信息：Management管理部門Marketing營(yíng)銷部門Finance/accounting財(cái)務(wù)/財(cái)會(huì)Production/

5、operations 生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)作部門Research & development研發(fā)部門Management information systems etc管理信息系統(tǒng)等Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Internal Audit內(nèi)部分析Involvement an internal strategic-management audit assists understanding nature and effect of decisions in all functional business areas包含有一個(gè)內(nèi)部戰(zhàn)略管理的分析有助于理解所有職能領(lǐng)域的決策的性質(zhì)和影響Inte

6、rnal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Integrating Strategy and Culture總體戰(zhàn)略和文化（P141）Organizational Culture 企業(yè)文化Pattern of behavior developed by an organization as it learns to cope with problem of external adaptation and internal integrationis valid and taught to members 企業(yè)在學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)外適應(yīng)環(huán)境，對(duì)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)一體化的過(guò)程中形成的行為方式 行之有效并傳授給成員Interna

7、l Assessment內(nèi)部分析Organizational Culture組織文化（P142）Resistant to change 抵抗變革May represent a strength or weakness 可能代表一種優(yōu)勢(shì)或劣勢(shì)Cultural products include:文化產(chǎn)品包括：Values, beliefs, rites, rituals,ceremonies, myths, stories, legends, sagas, language, symbols, leaders 價(jià)值、信仰、習(xí)俗、儀式、典禮、神 話、傳說(shuō)、傳奇、語(yǔ)言、符號(hào)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Internal As

8、sessment內(nèi)部分析Organizational Culture企業(yè)文化Can reduce impacts of strategic management:能降低戰(zhàn)略管理的影響：Miss changes in environment because blinkered by strongly held beliefs由于強(qiáng)烈的狹隘的信仰而失去對(duì)環(huán)境變化的反應(yīng)When a culture effective, natural tendency to continue with it, even in times of major strategic change一種文化一旦實(shí)施，自然趨勢(shì)會(huì)

9、使之繼續(xù)，即使是在重要的戰(zhàn)略變革的時(shí)候也是如此Exercise 1 練習(xí)1What is the organisational culture at your workplace? 你工作場(chǎng)所的企業(yè)文化是什么？How as it relevant to strategic management? 它與戰(zhàn)略管理的關(guān)系怎樣？Share 1 example from each group with the class 每一小組與全班分享一個(gè)例子Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Traditional management functions傳統(tǒng)的管理功能（P147）Planning 規(guī)劃

10、Organizing 組織Motivating 激勵(lì)Staffing 人員配備Controlling 控制New leadership functions 新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)功能Coordinating 協(xié)調(diào)Strategic leadership 戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Steward, resource, coach, mentor 服務(wù)員、資源、教練、導(dǎo)師Any others? 還有其它嗎？Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能（轉(zhuǎn)下頁(yè)）PlanningStage of Strategic- Management Process when most si

11、gnificantFunctionStrategy FormulationOrganizingStrategy ImplementationMotivatingStrategy ImplementationStaffingControlling/CoordinatingStrategy ImplementationStrategy EvaluationInternal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能（P147）規(guī)劃在戰(zhàn)略管理過(guò)程中哪一個(gè)階段最重要功能戰(zhàn)略制定組織戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施激勵(lì)戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施人員配備控制/協(xié)調(diào)戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略評(píng)價(jià)Planning規(guī)劃Scann

12、ing & Forecasting分析和預(yù)測(cè)Establishing objectives樹(shù)立目標(biāo)Devising strategies設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)略Developing policies制定政策Setting goals確立總體目標(biāo)Management管理Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能Organizing組織Organizational design組織設(shè)計(jì)Job specialization工作專業(yè)化Job descriptions

13、工作說(shuō)明Job specifications工作規(guī)范Span of control控制范圍的確定Unity of command權(quán)限劃分Coordination協(xié)調(diào)Job design崗位設(shè)置Job analysis崗位分析Management管理Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能Motivating激勵(lì)Leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Communication溝通Work groups建立工作小組Job enrichment豐富工作內(nèi)容Job satisfaction提高員工工作滿意度Needs fulfillment滿足需求Organ

14、izational change組織調(diào)整Morale士氣Management管理Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能Staffing(HR)人員配備（HR人力資源）Wage & salary admin薪酬及工資管理Employee benefits雇員福利Interviewing面試Hiring & Firing 錄用和解聘Training 培訓(xùn)Management development管理發(fā)展Safety安全Affirmative action表?yè)P(yáng)措施EEO提供平等就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)Labor relations勞資關(guān)系Career d

15、evelopment職業(yè)發(fā)展Discipline procedures制定紀(jì)律Equity policy公平政策Work-life balance工作-生活平衡Succession planning接班計(jì)劃Management管理Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能Controlling/Coordinating控制/協(xié)調(diào)Quality質(zhì)量控制Finance財(cái)務(wù)控制Sales銷售控制Inventory庫(kù)貨控制Expenses費(fèi)用控制Variances變量控制Rewards &Sanctions獎(jiǎng)賞及懲處Management管理Exe

16、rcise 2練習(xí)2Which management functions are well done at your workplace? Why?在你的工作場(chǎng)所哪些管理功能做得好？為什么？How does this effect strategic development and management?它們是如何影響戰(zhàn)略的發(fā)展和管理的？Which are done least well & why? 哪些做得最不好，為什么？Again share your best example with the class 與同學(xué)分享你最好的案例Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析Manage

17、ment Audit Checklist管理分析清單Are company objectives and goals measurable and well communicated? 公司的總目標(biāo)與子目標(biāo)是否可以衡量的并且是充分溝通的？Do managers at all hierarchical levels plan effectively?所有層次上的經(jīng)理們是否都做到計(jì)劃有效？Do managers delegate authority well? 經(jīng)理們的授權(quán)是否做得很好？Is the organizations structure appropriate? 組織結(jié)構(gòu)合適么？How

18、do you rate/measure management effectiveness? Are job descriptions and job specifications clear? 你是怎樣衡量管理效率的？工作描述和規(guī)范是否清晰？ Is employee morale high? 雇員士氣是否高昂？Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Marketing 營(yíng)銷Customer analysis 客戶分析Selling products/services 銷售產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)Product and service planning

19、 產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)計(jì)劃Pricing 定價(jià)Distribution 分銷Marketing research 市場(chǎng)調(diào)研Opportunity analysis 機(jī)會(huì)分析Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Marketing Audit Checklist營(yíng)銷分析檢查清單Are markets segmented effectively?市場(chǎng)是否有效細(xì)分？Is the organization positioned well among competitors? 在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者之間組織定位是否明確？Is the market share incre

20、asing? 市場(chǎng)份額是否在增加？Are present channels of distribution reliable and cost effective? 目前分銷渠道是否可靠？有成本效率么？Is there an effective sales force? 是否擁有有效銷售力量？Again, how do you measure it? 另外，你怎樣衡量這些？Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Marketing Audit Checklist營(yíng)銷分析檢查清單Is there market research?有市場(chǎng)調(diào)研么

21、？Are product quality and customer service good? 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和客戶服務(wù)好不好？Are products/services priced appropriately? 產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)定價(jià)是否合適？ Is there an effective promotion, advertising, and publicity strategy? 是否有有效的促銷、廣告和公關(guān)戰(zhàn)略？Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Marketing Audit Checklist營(yíng)銷分析檢查清單Are marketing

22、planning and budgeting effective? 營(yíng)銷計(jì)劃和預(yù)算是否有效？Do marketing managers have adequate experience and training?營(yíng)銷經(jīng)理有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和培訓(xùn)么？Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Finance/Accounting財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)Investment decision (Capital budgeting) 投資決策（資本預(yù)算） Financing decision 融資決策Dividend decision 股利決策Internal Ass

23、essment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Finance/Accounting Audit Checklist 財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)分析檢查清單Can the business raise short-term capital? 企業(yè)是否能夠籌集短期資本？Can the business raise long-term capital? 企業(yè)是否能夠籌集長(zhǎng)期資本？Does the business have sufficient working capital? 企業(yè)是否擁有足夠的營(yíng)運(yùn)資本？Are budgeting procedures effective? 預(yù)算過(guò)程是否

24、有效？Are the accounting tools satisfactory? 會(huì)計(jì)工具是否滿意？ Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Finance/Accounting Audit Checklist財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)分析檢查清單Are dividend payout policies reasonable? 股利支付政策是否合理？Does the business have good relations with its investors and shareholders? 公司是否與其投資人和股東關(guān)系良好？Are financi

25、al managers experienced and well trained? 財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理是否經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，且訓(xùn)練有素？How do you assess governance and stakeholder as well as shareholder accountability? 你是如何評(píng)估監(jiān)管、利益相關(guān)者和股東的責(zé)任心的？Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Production/Operations生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)營(yíng)Process 流程Capacity 能力Inventory 庫(kù)存Workforce 勞動(dòng)力Quality 質(zhì)量Inte

26、rnal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Production/Operations Audit Checklist生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)營(yíng)分析檢查清單Are suppliers of raw materials, parts, and subassemblies reliable and reasonable? 原材料、配件、部件的供應(yīng)商是否合理可靠？Are facilities, equipment, machinery, and offices in good condition? 設(shè)施、設(shè)備、機(jī)器和辦公室是否條件良好？Are inventory-cont

27、rol policies and procedures effective? 庫(kù)存-控制政策和步驟是否有效？Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Production/Operations Audit Checklist生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)營(yíng)分析檢查清單Are quality-control policies and procedures effective? 質(zhì)量-控制政策和步驟是否有效Are facilities, resources, and markets strategically located? 設(shè)施、資源和市場(chǎng)是否得到戰(zhàn)略性定位？D

28、oes the business have technological competencies? 企業(yè)是否擁有技術(shù)能力？ Again, who measures, what & how? 另外，誰(shuí)來(lái)評(píng)估，為什么？如何？Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Research & Development研究開(kāi)發(fā)Development of new products before competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)前開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品Improving product quality 提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量Improving manufacturing proce

29、sses to reduce costs 提高制造流程以降低成本Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Computer Information Systems計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)Information Systems 信息系統(tǒng)CIO/CTO 首席信息官/首席技術(shù)官Security 安全User-friendly 用戶友好E-commerce 電子商務(wù)Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能Computer Information Systems Audit Checklist 計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)分析檢查清單Do all managers in the firm use information system to make decisions? 企業(yè)中的經(jīng)理人員是否運(yùn)用信息系統(tǒng)決策？Is there a chief information officer or director of