信息管理專業(yè)英語第二版參考答案

1、retrieval mechanism characteristic classification manner document Interpret automate assortment principle arrangement access browser catalog index materialUnit 1【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。In human terms and in the broadest sense, information is anything that you are capable of perceiving.It includes writte

2、n communications, spoken communications, photographs, art, music, and nearly anything that is perceptible.If we consider information in the sense of all stimuli as information, then we cant really find organization in all cases.No.Traditionally, in libraries, information was contained in books, peri

3、odicals, newspapers, and other types of recorded media. People access it through a library s catalog and with the assistance of indexes, in the case of periodical and newspaper articles.Computerized a information systems .The problem for most researchers is that they have yet to discover the organiz

4、ing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need.For library materials, the organizing principle is a detailed subject classification system available for searching in an online catalog.The one thing common to all of these access systems is organization.No, it isnt.【Ex2.】

5、根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出n.取回，恢復(fù)，修補(bǔ)；檢索n.機(jī)械裝置，機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)制adj .特有的，表示特性的，典型的n.分類，分級n.風(fēng)格，方式，樣式，習(xí)慣n.文件，公文vt.解釋，說明vt.使自動化，自動操作n.分類n.法則，原則，原理n .排歹U,安排n. &vt .訪問，存取n.瀏覽器；瀏覽書本的人n.目錄n.索引n.材料，原料，物資，素材n.媒體；介質(zhì)median.安排，配置，計(jì)劃scheme【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文。.有人認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)只出現(xiàn)在組織的頂層，而管理在組織的下層。.項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)開發(fā)某一項(xiàng)目。.職責(zé)經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)一個(gè)主要的職責(zé)。.同樣地，產(chǎn)

6、品線經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)相關(guān)的一組產(chǎn)品。.詞語“主管”通常指一個(gè)人工作時(shí)的頂頭上司，即在組織中你直接向其匯報(bào)工作的人。.達(dá)到計(jì)劃過程中設(shè)定目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵是建立組織的結(jié)構(gòu)。.組織的目的就在于充分使用組織的資源來實(shí)現(xiàn)組織的目標(biāo)。.正式組織可以用圖的形式表示。.非正式的組織是一個(gè)雇員之間互相社交的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它與該公司的正式職權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)無關(guān)。.主管必須意識到非正式組織影響正式組織?！綞x4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。lossless 2. compression 3. crossroads4. statistics 5. engineering6. crucial 7. mobile 8. Internet9. theo

7、ry 10. measures【Ex5.】根據(jù)文章所提供的信息回答問題。Information design has only gathered recognition within the last 25 years.It means “The field of information design applies traditional and evolving design principles to the process of translating complex, unorganized, or unstructured data into valuable, meaningfu

8、l information.The practice of information design requires an interdisciplinary approach which combines skills in graphic design, writing and editing, instructional design, human performance technology, and human factors.”With the electronic delivery of information and the Internet, information is be

9、coming more complex.In the past, information was designed for a single output. Today, through the use of these technologies, information is being designed for display in multiple outputs.Today, the practice of information design requires multiple skills such as graphic design, human factors design,

10、writing and programming.The next generation of information designers will learn, practice and perfect several of the skills currently performed by multiple people.Information designers will become a workplace chameleons “ switching from one skill to another depending upon the project requirements an

11、d timings.If you re an existing information designer, you should be thinking about this evolution from both a financial and job security perspective. If you re an employer, you should be looking at it from a productivity and financial perspective.We believe that adding new skills to your inventory w

12、ill enable you to command a higher salary.They are traditional print medias and new electronic medias.For those individuals who are flexible and savvy enough to add multiple skills to their inventory, the next decade promises to be at least as rewarding as the last.Unit 2【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。An infor

13、mation economy is where the productivity and competitiveness of units or agents in the economy (be they firms, regions or nations) depend mainly on their capacity to generate, process, and apply efficiently knowledge-based information.It is also described as an economy where information is both the

14、currency and the product.We have always relied on information exchange to do our jobs and run our lives.It is the pervasive use of information and communications technology.First, the information economy is global. Second, the information economy is highly productive. The third characteristic of the

15、 information economy is the change in the manner of obtaining profits.Stephen Cohen observes that the mobility of labor is undermined by peoples xenophobia and stricterimmigration laws. Multinational corporations still maintain their assets and strategic command centers in their home nations, and ca

16、pital is still limited by banking and finance laws.Castells concludes that economic statistics do not adequately capture the movements of the new information economy, precisely because of the broad scope of transformation under the impact of information technology and related organizational change.R

17、obert Reich observes that profits in the old economy came from economies of scale long runs of more or less identical products.Those in the lead cannot stop innovating lest they fall behind the competition.To maintain leadership in the new economy, the social position of knowledge professionals and

18、the social acceptance of their values should be guaranteed.【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重emphasizen. 全球化，全球性globalizationn.公司，（合伙）商號firmadj.靈活的，柔軟的，能變形的，可通融的flexibleadj .固有的，內(nèi)在的，與生俱來的inherentn.投資，可獲利的東西investmentn. 限制，局限性limitationn.裝配，集結(jié)，匯編assemblyn.商標(biāo)，牌子brandn.擴(kuò)散，傳播diffusionn.資產(chǎn)a

19、ssetn . 流通；貨幣currencycompetitormultinationalreorganizeproductivityutilizeprofitinterchangeablyprofitabilityn.競爭者adj .多國的，跨國的，多民族的vt.改組，重新組織n.生產(chǎn)力vt.利用n.利潤，益處，得益adv.可交替地，可互換地n.收益性，利益率【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文。.扁平組織強(qiáng)調(diào)分散管理，鼓勵員工積極參與決策。.管理人員和員工在一個(gè)互有信心、互相信任的友好環(huán)境中互動。.機(jī)械組織最適合重復(fù)的運(yùn)行和穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境。.商業(yè)計(jì)劃有多種形式。.計(jì)劃過程本身遠(yuǎn)比計(jì)劃文檔更重要。.每

20、一個(gè)任務(wù)都應(yīng)該包括一個(gè)執(zhí)行方案。. 一個(gè)執(zhí)行方案可以幫助主管組織、協(xié)調(diào)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)行動，并使項(xiàng)目按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。.執(zhí)行方案詳細(xì)闡述完成該任務(wù)所需要的步驟和工作。.項(xiàng)目管理軟件程序可以幫助主管制定執(zhí)行方案。.最基本的項(xiàng)目管理軟件程序幫助用戶把自己的想法整理成一個(gè)簡單的進(jìn)度表。【Ex4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. term 2. informational 3. sources 4. regarding 5. when6. fact7. focused 8. economy 9. indicators 10. agreement【Ex5.】根據(jù)文章所提供的信息填空。Software; geogra

21、phic data; geographically referenced informationa serious discipline; businesses and governmentsa geographic information system (GIS)a mapthe database View; the map View; the model viewfind places that have the features you re looking for; see where to take actionsimply mapping the locations of feat

22、uresmeasure the number of features using a uniform areal unit, the distributiona Vulnerability-Exposure-Sensitivity-Resilience model, exposed to flood riskmapping changeUnit 3【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。Information technology is the use of technology to enhance the speed and the efficiency of the transfer o

23、f information.At first, computers were big, costly, and available only to universities and big corporations.Before the 1990s, full time researchers having access to the high priced equipment drove most discoveries in information technology.A personal computer or PC is generally a microcomputer inten

24、ded to be used by one person at a time, and suitable for general purpose tasks such as word processing, programming, editing or playing a personal computer game, and is usually used to run purchased or other software not written by the user.International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) developed

25、 the first open standard personal computer.They are used to store both information and allow discussion with chat and messages.The Internet was originally conceived as a distributed, fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be unaffected by failure at any point. DARPA mainly crea

26、ted it; its initial software applications were e-mail and computer file transfer.World Wide Web was invented in 1989.In 1875, for example, the invention of the telephone breached distance through sound. Between 1910 and 1920, the first AM radio stations began to broadcast sound. By the 1940s televis

27、ion was broadcasting both sound and visuals to a vast public. In 1943, the worlds first electronic computer wascreated.The one characteristic of computer technology that sets it apart from earlier analogy technologies is that it is digital.【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出。adj.二進(jìn)制的binaryv.&n

28、.聊天chatn.&v .發(fā)展advancevt.轉(zhuǎn)變，變換convertn.模擬analogyv.開發(fā)developadj . 數(shù)字的，數(shù)位的digitaln.應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用程序，應(yīng)用軟件applicationn.設(shè)備devicen.電子郵件e-mailn.文件filen.裝備，設(shè)備，器材，裝置equipmentvt. 提高，增強(qiáng)enhancen.消息，通信messagen.因特網(wǎng)Internetn. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，操作operationvt.記錄recordn.信號signaln.任務(wù)，作業(yè)taskn.發(fā)射，傳送，傳輸，轉(zhuǎn)播transmission【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文。.數(shù)據(jù)庫是有機(jī)組織起

29、來的信息集合，以便容易存取、管理和更新。.在處理過程中，數(shù)據(jù)庫可以根據(jù)其組織方式進(jìn)行分類。.面向?qū)ο蟮木幊虜?shù)據(jù)庫適合用對象類和子類數(shù)據(jù)來定義。.典型的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫包括數(shù)據(jù)記錄和文件的集合。.關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫是由舊M公司的E. F. Codd于1970年發(fā)明的。. SQL語言是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用戶和應(yīng)用程序與關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的接口。.在處理過程中，數(shù)據(jù)被轉(zhuǎn)換成更便于傳輸和處理的形式。. 一般來說，在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中，數(shù)據(jù)是指一系列所收集的事實(shí)。.當(dāng)信息被輸入和存儲到計(jì)算機(jī)中時(shí)，它常常被稱為數(shù)據(jù)。.當(dāng)信息被整理或用來理解或完成某事時(shí)，它就是知識?！綞x4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. measure 2. quantif

30、ies 3. length 4. absolute 5. representation6. symbols 7. entropy 8. lower 9. human 10. random【Ex5.】根據(jù)文章所提供的信息填空。a series of points or nodes; communication pathsthe bus; star; Token Ring; mesh topologiesshare a common communications line or wireless linkEthernet; Token Ring; FDDIit is cheaper to inst

31、all and maintaina network; larger; smallera geographically dispersed telecommunications network; a local area network (LAN); owned or rented; the inclusion of public (shared user) networks“ the Net”; a worldwide system of computer networks; get information from any other computer; talk directly to u

32、sers at other computersthe Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government; 1969; the ARPANETthe World Wide Web; “WWW” ； “the Web ； hypertextUnit 4【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。Information, including access to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement.Th

33、e popular name for the Internet is the information superhighway.The Internet is a network of networks that spans the globe. We call it a metanetwork.In the 1980s, the National Science Foundation, whose NSFNet linked several high speed computers, took charge of the what had come to be known as the In

34、ternet.It stands for National Research & Education Network. NREN s goal was to develop and maintain high-speed networks for research and education, and to investigate commercial uses for the Internet.There is no clear answer to this question because the Internet involves many things. Basically, ever

35、yone who uses the Internet in some way pays for part of it.The unique thing about the Internet is that it allows many different computers to connect and talk to each other. This is possible because of a set of standards, known as protocols, that govern the transmission of data over the network: TCP/

36、IP .It is a piece of software that displays documents for you and carries out your requests.The Web server is a computer running another type of Web software which provides data, or “serves up an information resource to your Web client.The advantage of the client/server model lies in distributing th

37、e work so that each tool can focus or specialize on particular tasks .【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出。n.資源resourcevt.檢索，重新得到retrieven.協(xié)議protocoln. &v t. 分享sharevt.保護(hù)protectvt. &n .請求，要求requestn.對話期sessionvt.送，寄，發(fā)送sendn.過程，方法，程序，步驟process_n.客戶clientvi.合作，協(xié)作cooperaten.代理處，行銷處，代理，中介agencyn.檔案，

38、公文archivesn.信道，頻道，通道channeladj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的vt.下載vt.顯示adv.有效地，有力地【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文commercialdownloaddisplayeffectively. 1992年美國總統(tǒng)大選中，副總統(tǒng)候選人戈?duì)栐S諾優(yōu)先發(fā)展所謂的“信息高速公路”.要從數(shù)據(jù)庫中讀取信息，需要數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)( DBMS )。.不管選定了哪一種建店方法，都必須接受顧客使用常用信用卡支付。.什么樣的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)最適合因特網(wǎng)？.但是，這并不意味著因特網(wǎng)營銷沒有自己的特點(diǎn)。.好也罷壞也罷，計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)滲透到我們生活的每一方面。.消息通過信道從源傳輸?shù)浇邮照摺?最底層的處

39、理不可再分解。.就像系統(tǒng)必須要有輸入和輸出一樣，處理也必須要有輸入和輸出。.傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫是以域、記錄和文件組織的?！綞x4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. method 2. another3. uniquely4. receive 5. into6. contains 7. destination 8. gatewayrecognizesspecified【Ex5.】根據(jù)文章所提供的信息判斷正誤。1 . T 2, F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. F 10. TUnit 5【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。Basically an IP addr

40、ess is a name for a computer. It is make up of four three-digit numbers divided by periods.No, they cant. Because an IP address acts as identification number, no two computers on the Internet can have the same IP address.Every IP address is divided into ports, so that multiple programs to send and r

41、eceive data at the same time can use one IP address.DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol. It assigns an IP address, subnet, and gateway to each computer on your local area network.Domain Name Service (DNS) server basically translates a URL into the IP address of the server hosting the URL.N

42、o, it isnt.Usually this is your router s IP address.Network Address Translation.TCP/IP is the protocol your computer uses to communicate with other computers on the Internet, and within your network.When the router no longer sees data going out on the trigger ports, it turns off access to the incomi

43、ng ports.【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出。vt.假定，設(shè)想；采取，呈現(xiàn)assumevt.重新啟動rebootn. 域，領(lǐng)域，范圍domain.避免，消除avoidn.端口portadj.保留的reservedn.行列，范圍rangen.識別，鑒定；身份證明identificationadj .動態(tài)的，動力的dynamicvi.查驗(yàn)pingn.掩碼maskvt.引發(fā)，引起，觸發(fā)triggervt.劃分，分開，隔開dividevt.代表representvt.阻塞，封鎖blockn.子網(wǎng)絡(luò)subnetn. 界面，接口interfacevt.

44、 提交，遞交submitvt.引起，發(fā)明，發(fā)起originate【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文。.網(wǎng)絡(luò)由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接在一起的計(jì)算機(jī)組成，以便共享資源（如打印機(jī)和光盤驅(qū)動器）、交換文件或進(jìn)行電子通信。.網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的計(jì)算機(jī)可以用電纜、電話線、無線電波、衛(wèi)星或紅外線光束連接。.局域網(wǎng)（LAN ）是局限于一個(gè)較小范圍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。.連接到服務(wù)器上的計(jì)算機(jī)被稱為工作站。.在大部分的局域網(wǎng)中，人們用電纜來連接每個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)的網(wǎng)卡。.網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供了一個(gè)非?？斓墓蚕砗蛡鬏斘募姆椒?。.今天，它主要是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)或電子數(shù)據(jù)交換來完成。.企業(yè)能夠通過因特網(wǎng)收集關(guān)于產(chǎn)品、購買者和競爭對手的信息，從而增強(qiáng)其競爭力。. OSI體系結(jié)構(gòu)被

45、劃分為七層。.網(wǎng)絡(luò)一般是指一組計(jì)算機(jī)共同工作?！綞x4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. classified2. based3. Ring 4. signifies 5. use6. independent 7. placed 8. hub 9. operational 10. necessarily【Ex5.】根據(jù)文章所提供的信息判斷正誤。T 2, F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FUnit 6【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。The two core areas are operational technology and cry

46、ptography.The purpose of operational technology is to maintain and defend the availability of data resources in a secure manner. The purpose of cryptography is to secure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data resources.System administrators face the dilemma of maximizing the availa

47、bility of system services to valid users while minimizing the susceptibility of complex network infrastructures to attacks.Because there are times when a password is required to initiate a connection before confidentiality can be protected.Its purpose is to eliminate from the stream those packets or

48、 requests that fail to meet the security criteria established by the organization.Because firewalls are typically the first line of defense against intruders.Because of the increasing sophistication of intruder methods and the vulnerabilities presented in commonly used applications.Critics argue tha

49、t such tools, especially those freely available to the Internet community, pose a threat if acquired and misused by intruders.One of the primary reasons that intruders can be successful is that most of the information they acquire from a system is in a form that they can read and comprehend.Encrypti

50、on is the process of translating information from its original form (called plaintext) into an encoded, incomprehensible form (called ciphertext). Decryption is the process of taking ciphertext and translating it back into plaintext.【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出n.病毒virusn.威脅，恐嚇thre威vt.檢驗(yàn)，

51、校驗(yàn)，查證，核實(shí)verifyadj.合法的，有效的，正當(dāng)?shù)?，正確的valdn. 簽名，署名signaturevt. & vi .使同步；同時(shí)發(fā)生synchronizeadj.任意的，隨機(jī)的randomn.密義ciphertextvi.轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，轉(zhuǎn)播relayv.掃描，審視，瀏覽scanvt.捕獲capturen.代理人proxyn.小包，信息包packetvt.監(jiān)控monitorvi.偽裝，冒充masqueraden.安全securityvt.識別，鑒別，確定identifyn.門，通路；網(wǎng)關(guān)gatewayvt.譯成密碼，編碼encoden.防火墻firewallI Ex3.1 把列句丁翻評力中乂

52、。1 .鏈接是最簡單但最有效的因特網(wǎng)營銷方法。2.電子郵件簽名文件可以有效地宣個(gè)網(wǎng)站。. EDI通常用于兩個(gè)公司的兩個(gè)終端設(shè)備的通信。.很快大部分企業(yè)都將成為某種程度上的電子商務(wù)企業(yè)。.安全電子交易（SET）是保證因特網(wǎng)財(cái)務(wù)往來安全的系統(tǒng)。.發(fā)證機(jī)構(gòu)（CA）是網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，它負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放和管理的安全信用證和用于信息加密的公 共鑰匙。. CRM固然包含許多技術(shù)，但認(rèn)為 CRM主要是技術(shù)則是錯(cuò)誤的。.多用戶操作系統(tǒng)允許不同的用戶同時(shí)利用計(jì)算機(jī)資源。.操作系統(tǒng)（OS）是最先裝入計(jì)算機(jī)的軟件。.沒有什么能比計(jì)算機(jī)更好地體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代生活?！綞x4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1.protecting2.

53、unauthorized3. modification4. share5. integrity6.differences7. approach8. methodologies9. concerned10. form【Ex5.】根據(jù)文章所提供的信息回答問題。A vulnerability is a weakness that a person can exploit to accomplish something that is not authorized or intended as legitimate use of a network or system.Engineering or d

54、esign errors, or faulty implementation may cause vulnerabilities.Because of the inherent openness of the Internet and the original design of the protocols.No, he doesn t have to.Because the technology is constantly changing and intruders are constantly developing new tools and techniques, solutions

55、do not remain effective indefinitely.Because much of the traffic on the Internet is not encrypted, confidentiality and integrity are difficult to achieve.If a protocol has a fundamental design flaw, it is vulnerable to exploitation no matter how well it is implemented.Software may be vulnerable beca

56、use of flaws that were not identified before the software was released.The way protocols or software programs are set up and used causes the vulnerabilities in the category of system and network configurations.When sites misconfigure their anonymous FTP archives, unauthorized users can get authentic

57、ation information and use it to compromise the system.Unit 7Ex.U 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。In computer science, data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer.They are bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.What does DBMS stand for? What is it?It stands for database management system. It is

58、a computer software program that is designed as the means of managing all databases that are currently installed on a system hard drive or network.A relational databaseis a collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many

59、 different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.The standard user and application program interface to a relational database is the structured query language (SQL).In object-oriented programming, field is also called date member, and it is the data encapsulated within a class or obj

60、ect.In database, index is a data structure, which orders data of one or more columns in database table.A unique index acts as a constraint on the table by preventing duplicate entries in the index.SQL stands for structured query language. It is a standardized query language for requesting informatio