牛津高中英語模塊三unit1全部課件

1、Advance with EnglishBy Luo Sha羅莎衡陽市二中，牛津高中英語模塊三Unit 1Wordlist 1, P67hearing: n. hear: v.raised: adj. raise: v. unit 2,p23confuse: v. confusing: adj. confused: adj.fog: n. foggy: adj.conductor: n. conduct: v.(take a ) glance at sth. 掃視nowhere：反義詞 everywhere：adv.到處in sight看得見, out of sight看不見narrow: a

2、dj. 狹窄的, 反義詞 wideUnit 1Wordlist 1, P67wish for : hope for 盼望darkness: n. dark: adj.黑暗的；深色的hesitate: v. hesitation ,hezitein n. 猶豫reach out: 伸出手 reach into:（把手）伸進(jìn)stare (up) at: （抬頭）凝視watch out for：留心, look out for, be careful offirmly: adv. firm: adj.be grateful to sb.對某人表示感謝helper: n.幫助者 help: v. n.

3、 helpful: adjcome to ones aid: v. help sb. 幫助某人Unit 1, welcome to the unit, P1The world of our sensesTo talk about our senses and the importance of them Five senses: sight視覺, hearing聽覺, taste味覺, smell嗅覺, touch觸覺Unit 1welcome to the unit, P1daily life日常生活sense： C .感官， U .感覺five senses五官感覺: sight視覺, h

4、earing聽覺, taste味覺, smell嗅覺, touch觸覺blind blaind adj. 瞎的 Braille breil 盲文hold ones nose 捏住鼻子as well as usual 和往常一樣sign language 手勢語make achievements 做出成就Sight 視覺Sight 視覺To discuss what would happen if we lost one or two our senses and think about how to live without one or two senses 海倫凱勒（Helen Kelle

5、r 1880年6月27日-1968年6月1日)出生之時(shí)原為健康的嬰兒，但卻在19個(gè)月大的時(shí)候患了急性腦炎，從此失去了聽覺和視覺。然而，她仍然努力的保持著和外界的聯(lián)系，運(yùn)用自己的手語和家庭成員交流。 19世紀(jì)美國盲聾女作家、教育家、慈善家、社會活動家。她以自強(qiáng)不息的頑強(qiáng)毅力，在安妮。莎莉文老師的幫助下，掌握了英、法、德等五國語言。完成了她的一系列著作，并致力于為殘疾人造福，建立慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，被美國時(shí)代周刊評為美國十大英雄偶像，榮獲“總統(tǒng)自由勛章”等獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。主要著作有假如給我三天光明、我的生活、我的老師等。Reading,P2-3Reading Comprehension, QuestionsFast

6、reading: P2, A1. What is the story about?2. Where did Polly live?3. Who helped Polly?Deep reading: P4,C 11. Why did Polly leave work early?2. Why did Polly take the Underground to the Green Park?3. What was the weather like outside the station?4. According to the Line 33,what made Polly afraid?Readi

7、ng,P2outlineA plotMain charactersA certain time periodA placeA problem to be solvedA climax or a surprise endingReading, P2Fog warningleft : (P2, L2) v. 離開 ，leave的過去式， (P3，L43) adj. 左邊的, turn left左轉(zhuǎn)at lunch, at noon, at night, at weekendstep out into 走出去到 wonder if/whether 想知道能否still: (P2, L5) adv.

8、仍然 (P2, L29) adj. 靜止的，不動的 第一段從句：（L2）when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句（L3）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（L5）if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Reading, P2No buses to king Streetonce: (L7)conj. 一旦 (L42)adv. 曾經(jīng) bus stop（L7)公交車站take the underground（L11)乘地鐵too to （L10)太.以致不能. too adj. for sb. to do sth. The boy is still too young to go to school. 小男孩還不到上學(xué)年齡。 it is too

9、foggy for the bus to run that far. （L10) =the fog is so thick that the bus will not run that(=so) far.第二/三段從句：(L8) before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(10) The truth is that事實(shí)是，老實(shí)說。引導(dǎo)的表語從句Reading, P2A tall manpassenger 乘客observe, watch, notice 的區(qū)別at last (L15): 最后；終于 finallyrest: (L16) n. 剩余部分 (L51) v. 休息 (take a) glanc

10、e at (L16)掃視 I took a glance at the book. 我飛快地瀏覽了一下這本書。nowhere: adv.到處都不, everywhere：adv.到處 本段從句：(L14) as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，that同位語從句(L16) while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 Reading, P2Footstepsentrance entrns n. 入口 thick ik adj. 厚的 lay: v. 躺；位于（lie的過去式） in sight (L20)看得見 out of sight 看不見 Is there a taxi or a bus in sight. 看看是不

11、是有公共汽車或出租車？set off (L20) v. 出發(fā) set outby the time (L22)等到, 到的時(shí)候 rough rf adj. 粗糙的 brush br vi.擦過；掠過 beat bi:t v.跳動; 打敗; 拍打 beat, beatenwith fear: 因?yàn)楹ε?with: because of Reading, P2 Footstepssee , hear , feel (L25), watch , notice 等表示感覺的動詞后，既可用 v - ing 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不帶 to 的動詞不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。兩者之間有差別。用 v - ing ,

12、表示動作正在進(jìn)行，即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束；用不定式則表示動作發(fā)生了.類似的動詞還有 observe , look at , listen to, smell, taste等Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我看見了這個(gè)事實(shí)) Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)我見他正干活這個(gè)動作） 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。Reading, P2The helpful strangerwish for (L28): v. hope for 盼望 ,希望得到 I have nothing left

13、 to wish for. 我再也沒什么想要的了。come along (L28): v. 出現(xiàn) still (L29) adj. 靜止的，不動的 hold sb. still (L28)使某人一動不動 come out of the darkness (L29) 從黑暗中傳來hesitate heziteit v. 猶豫 be lost (L31)迷路reach out (L32)伸出(手) reach into (把手)伸進(jìn) I reach out and gently caught it. 我伸出雙手，輕輕地接住了它。find oneself doing (L32)無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在做某事

14、Reading, P2 The helpful strangerstare (up) at (L33)抬頭凝視 Its rude to stare at strangers. 盯著陌生人看是沒有禮貌的。watch out for (L38): 留心 , 注意 look out for The police are watching out for the suspect. 警方正密切注意嫌疑犯的行動。hit hit v.碰撞 (hit, hit)once: (L7)conj. 一旦 (L42)adv. 曾經(jīng) cross: kr:s n. 十字架；交叉，十字 crossroads: n. 十字路

15、口 left : (P2, L2) v. 離開 , leave的過去式， (P3，L43) adj. 左邊的, turn left左轉(zhuǎn)feel frightened (L45) 感到害怕anxious nks adj.焦慮的, 擔(dān)憂的Reading, P2The grateful helperfirmly: adv. 牢牢地, 堅(jiān)定地 firm: adj.be grateful to sb. (L48)對某人表示感激 Im grateful to his help. 我感激他對我的幫助。Here we are.我們到了come to ones aid (L50): 來幫助某人 help sb.

16、in relief 如釋重負(fù),松了口氣rest: (L16) n. 剩余部分 (L51) v. 休息 for a while (L50) fr wil一會兒 Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while. 既然有空，我可以享受一下音樂。Its very nice of you: Youre very nice.be off (L52): 離開 I must be off soon. 我很快就得走了。Reading, P2 The grateful helperpay back (L54): v. 報(bào)答，償還 I lent him some

17、money last week but he forgot to pay back. 上周我借了一些錢給他，但他忘記歸還。 get across: v. 通過,渡過 get across the road (L55)過馬路except (L55): iksept prep. 除之外 like: adj.喜歡,(反)dislike prep.像(反)unlike本段從句that (L54): 引導(dǎo)的定語從句when (L54): 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句Reading, P2-3 從句歸納 名詞性從句1. At lunch, the radio forecast that(L2) 賓語從句2. She

18、 wondered if the buses(L5) 賓語從句3. The truth is that it is too foggy(L10) 表語從句4. she had a feeling that she was(L14) 同位語從句5. Polly heard (that) it hit the step. (L38) 賓語從句Reading, P2-3 從句歸納 時(shí)間狀語從句1. When Polly left home that morning,(L1)2. Once (she was) out in the street,(L7)3. As Polly observe the

19、passengers(L14)4. While the rest of passengers were(L16)5. When Polly got to the station(L19)6. As she walked alone the narrow(L21)本課時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：when, once, as whileReading, P2-3 從句歸納 定語從句1chance to pay back the help that people give me(L54)It gives me the chance to pay back the help.People give me t

20、he help. Reading, P2-3PlotReading, P4-5C 1: 1(L3), 2(L10), 3(L19), 6(L40)C 2: 2(L11),6(L36),5(L32), 9(L50), 3(L15),7(L43),4(L23),8(L49),1(L4),10(L53)D: 1-d, 2-c, 3-e, 4-f, 5-b, 6-aE: 1.darkness 2.wherever 3.hesitate 4.anxious 5.approaching 6.aid 7.grasp 8.observeF: sixth sense 第六感Reading, P5, Esince

21、(L1)原因狀語從句 if(L1)條件狀語從句because(L2)原因狀語從句where(L3)賓語從句when(L7)賓語從句 because(L7)原因狀語從句when(L8)時(shí)間狀語從句that(L9)賓語從句when(L10)時(shí)間狀語從句if(L11)賓語從句when(L12)時(shí)間狀語從句if(L13)賓語從句 since(L14)原因狀語從句that(L15)賓語從句 that(L16)定語從句Reading, P6 word powerparts of speech, part Arest: (L16) n. 剩余部分 (L51) v. 休息Well eat some of th

22、e bread and keep the rest for breakfast. n. 剩余部分 我們將吃一點(diǎn)面包，剩下的留到早飯時(shí)吃。I always rest for an hour after dinner. v. 休息晚飯后，我總要休息一小時(shí)。once: (L7)conj. 一旦 (L42)adv. 曾經(jīng) Once you begin, you must continue. conj. 一旦 一旦開始，你就得繼續(xù)。You look like a girl who once saved my life. adv. 曾經(jīng) 你看起來就像是那個(gè)曾經(jīng)救我一命的女孩。Reading, P6 wor

23、d powerparts of speech, part Aleft : (P2, L2) v. 離開 ，leave的過去式 (P3，L43) adj. 左邊的, turn left左轉(zhuǎn)Do you know why John left our company? v. 離開 你知道約翰為什么離開我們公司嗎？Turn right, turn left, But stay on the pavement. adj. 左邊的向右拐，向左拐，但是要停在人行道上。still: (P2, L5) adv. 仍然 (P2, L29) adj. 靜止的，不動的 In practice, we still ne

24、ed to study English hard. adv. 仍然 實(shí)際上，我們?nèi)匀恍枰W(xué)習(xí)英語。The room was still at the end of the speech. adj. 靜止的演講結(jié)束的時(shí)候，房間里寂靜無聲。Reading, P6 word powerparts of speech, part B1. cause vt. 引起 2. cause n. 原因 3. answer n. 回答；答案 4. answer v. 回答 5. increases v. 增加 6. increase n. 增加 Reading, P7 weathersun: n. sunny

25、: adj. 睛朗的 rain: n. rainy: adj.下雨的，多雨的cloud: n cloudy: adj.多云的；陰天的 snow: n snowy: adj.下雪的，多雪的 fog/mist foggy: adj.有霧的,霧茫茫的shower au n. 陣雨 thunder nd n. 雷 vi. 打雷 lightening laitni n.閃電 v.閃電 hurricane hrikn n. 颶風(fēng)，暴風(fēng) snowstorm n. 暴風(fēng)雪, 雪暴 Reading, P7 weatherPart Aflood fld n. 洪水 by the way 順便說說，順便問一下 He

26、res your bus. 你等的公交車到了Part Bweather forecast n.天氣預(yù)報(bào)lunchtime lnttaim n. 午餐時(shí)間 early evening n.傍晚 turn to v. 變成 midnight n. 午夜，半夜12點(diǎn)鐘 1. sunny 2. cloudy 3. rain 4. thunder/lightening 5. stormnoun clause 名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功

27、能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連詞（5個(gè)）：that （賓語從句或表語從句中that有時(shí)可以省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性） as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 連接代詞（9個(gè)）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 連接副詞（7個(gè)）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wh

28、erever, however His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語表語I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day. I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 同位語賓語noun clause 名詞性從句一. 主語從句

29、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if，as if和because等連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom等以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。because引導(dǎo)表語從句。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意義。 noun clause 名詞性從句一. 主語從句例如： What he wants to tell us is n

30、ot clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。 noun clause 名詞性從句一. 主語從句有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從

31、句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句 （2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 （3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 （4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, et

32、c.) that noun clause 名詞性從句一. 主語從句 P81. That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy （陳述句） It makes me happy that I can pay back the help people give me. 2. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known . （一般疑問句） It is not yet known whether hell be able to come. 3. Why they have not lef

33、t yet is not clear so far. （特殊疑問句） It is not clear so far why they have not left yet. Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/ reported that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道It seems/appears/happens that 顯然、明顯、碰巧.Its been announced/declared that 已經(jīng)通知/宣布Its no wonder that 并不奇怪/無疑Its a pity/

34、a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying（俗話說）that在下列句型中常使用that引導(dǎo)主語從句noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。 1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go

35、to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。 He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句 P81. V. 作動詞的賓語She believed that he had not told her the truth.I wonder if/ whether thats a good idea.Polly didnt know which way she should go.2. Preposition 介詞，作介詞的賓語Im intere

36、sted in who that tall man is.There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man.noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句 P83. use it as a preparatory object 形式賓語 在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.The conductor has made it clear that no bus

37、es will be running.noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句 That在賓語從句中的省略與保留1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如： He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.2. use it as a preparatory object 形式賓語 在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略 We al

38、l thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set

39、 off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。 noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 She will give who

40、ever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。 noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： 1、 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether 。如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如： I want to know whether its good ne

41、ws or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介詞后，只能用whether。如： His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔(dān)心 是否會失去工作。 免歧義. noun clause 名詞性從句二. 賓語從句4. 引導(dǎo)表語從句 eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her 5、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用whether 。如： Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. 這是否真的，我真

42、的不知道。 6、用if會引起歧義時(shí)，只用whether。如： Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避noun clause 名詞性從句三、表語從句 在復(fù)合句中，位于系動詞之后作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時(shí)用as if/ though引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the ga

43、me. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。 Thats just what I want. 這正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 noun clause 名詞性從句三、表語從句需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was th

44、at he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。 noun clause 名詞性從句四、同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The n

45、ews that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為 sh

46、ould + do, should 可省略 noun clause 名詞性從句四、同位語從句同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語。that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； 同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略） noun clause 名詞性從句四、定語從句定語從句（Attributive Clause

47、s）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語（動詞不定式短語、動名詞表示的）漢語中常用“的”表示。 that 可省略的情況：that不可省略的情況：1.主語從句（也包括形式主語表語從句）2.表語從句3.同位語從句4.用it做形式賓語的賓語從句5.并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that 的省略單個(gè)賓語從句中的that可省略Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduc

48、e pain?(L1) reduce pain 減少疼痛(L5) breath in 吸進(jìn) (L11) sniff pleasant smell 聞香味(L13) no longer 不再 (L13) tolerate the pain 忍受疼痛(L14) be related to (doing) sth. 與相關(guān)(L15) be curious about sth. 對好奇 (L23) be linked to (doing) sth. 與相聯(lián)系 (L24) used to do sth. 過去常常做某事Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce

49、 pain?reduce: v. 減少，降低，減緩 【反義詞】 increase v. 增加 reduce pain/ costs/ speed: 減輕痛苦、降低價(jià)格、減慢速度volunteer: n. 志愿者 v. 志愿做，自愿做volunteer to do sth. 志愿做某事Many volunteers volunteered to help the old in their town. 許多志愿者自愿幫助鎮(zhèn)上的老人。voluntary: adj. 志愿的 voluntarily: adv. 志愿地Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce

50、 pain?recognize: vt. 認(rèn)出 I could hardly recognize her at first sight. 我第一眼幾乎不能認(rèn)出她。puzzle: n. 迷，疑問 vt. sth puzzle sb. 某物令某人迷惑puzzled: adj. 感到迷惑的（人作主語puzzling: adj. 令人迷惑的（物作主語Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?that (L1)同位語從句The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce painwhile (L5)時(shí)

51、間狀語從句while breathing in different smells.since(L6)原因狀語從句Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses,that(L6)主語從句 ( it是形式主語）it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses,until(L13)時(shí)間狀語從句until they could no longer tolerate the pain. whether(L14)賓語從句 (作介詞in的賓語）interested in

52、whether the sense of smell is related to pain. Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?whether(L15)賓語從句 (作介詞about的賓語） curious about whether it is the same for both sexes.that(L16、18、20)賓語從句 （作動詞賓語）has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. (L16)He says that scientists have alre

53、ady collected data from 40 volunteers. (L18) （作動詞賓語）He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results. (L20)Grammar and usage, P9Pleasant smells reduce pain?that(L22)表語從句is that women s sense of smell is and the smell of babies

54、.that(L24)賓語從句 （作動詞賓語）believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.that(L26)賓語從句 （作動詞賓語）convinced that the sense of smell also helps.why(L27)主語從句why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists名詞性從句, P101.(1)當(dāng)名詞性從句是陳述句時(shí)，由that引導(dǎo)The radio announced that the

55、mist would become a thick fog. (賓語從句)1.(2) 當(dāng)名詞性從句是作主語時(shí)(主語從句), that不能省略That we couldnt find our way out was really bad news.That a man came to show her the way made her happy.名詞性從句, P101.(3) 當(dāng)名詞性從句作賓語或表語時(shí)(賓語從句、表語從句), 非正式英語中that可省略She wished (that) someone would come along to help her. (賓語從句) come alo

56、ng: v. 出現(xiàn)The truth is (that) the buses will not be running. (表語從句)名詞性從句, P102. (1)當(dāng)名詞性從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，用if/ whether引導(dǎo)，改為: 陳述語序She wondered. Would the buses still be running? She wondered if/ whether the buses would still be running. (賓語從句)2. (2)當(dāng)名詞性從句在介詞后(介詞后的賓語從句), 只用whether引導(dǎo)She is not certain about whet

57、her she has done anything wrong. be certain about sth. 確信,肯定名詞性從句, P102. (3)當(dāng)名詞性從句是一般疑問句作主語置于句首時(shí)(主語從句), 只用whether引導(dǎo)Whether it is going to clear up keeps me wondering. clear up: v. 放晴 2. (4) whetheror not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), 不用if.I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street.No one knows wheth

58、er or not the fog will clear up this afternoon.名詞性從句, P103. 當(dāng)一個(gè)動詞后有兩個(gè)名詞性從句作賓語時(shí)(賓語從句), 第二個(gè)名詞性從句前的that, if/ whether不能省略He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining.No one knows whether/ if it will be fine tomorrow and whether/ if he will come to work.a

59、. 主語從句b. 表語從句c. 同位語從句e. 介詞后的賓語從句f. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用if to do.g whetheror not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不用if.if 和whether 的選用不能使用if 的情況：that 可省略的情況：that不可省略的情況：主語從句表語從句同位語從句用it做形式賓語的賓語從句并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that 的省略單個(gè)賓語從句中的that可省略名詞性從句 A, P11language pointsmake sense：v. 有意義make the most of: v. make the

60、 best of, make full use of 充分利用later: adv. 后來ignore: v. 忽視 ignorant: adj.無知的rather than 而不是, 寧可也不愿 turn on: v. 打開 (反) turn off: v. 關(guān)上nightshirt: n. 襯衫式長睡衣, 男用長睡衣 名詞性從句 A, P111.if (賓語從句） 2.that（賓語從句） 3.that （賓語從句） 4.that （主語從句）5.whether（賓語從句） 6.that （賓語從句） L2. when we are young 時(shí)間狀語從句L5. while our se