考研英語2018-翻譯-中英文句法對比

1、英漢句法現(xiàn)象的比照老師姓名：劉婷婷一、句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. This attitude has been described as anything from a “merciful loss of memory to “escapist therapy.人們對這種態(tài)度有各種的議論，有的說是“好心的遺忘， 有的說是“逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的療法。(英語簡單句漢語聯(lián)合復(fù)句的分合句)2 His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free College of the City of New York.由于在中學(xué)成績優(yōu)異

2、，他進(jìn)入了免費(fèi)的紐約市立大學(xué)。英語簡單句漢語偏正復(fù)句的因果句3) The development of an economical artificial heart is only a few transient failure away.只消再經(jīng)過幾次失敗，就能造出價(jià)格低廉的人工心臟了。tip：英語簡單句漢語偏正復(fù)句的因果句4. The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.問題在于我們能不能在明晚以前完成這項(xiàng)工作。英語主從復(fù)合句漢語簡單句5. While we were operating the ma

3、chine tools, we were very careful.我們在操縱機(jī)床時(shí)非常小心。英語主從復(fù)合句漢語簡單句6. There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized.某些金屬具有導(dǎo)電的能力合被磁化的能力。英語主從復(fù)合句漢語簡單句7. The boy sat down on a stone to take a pebble out of his shoe when he saw a stranger approaching him.小孩坐在石頭

4、上正打算從鞋子里取出碎石子，這這時(shí)他看見一個(gè)陌生人朝著他走來。英語主從復(fù)合句漢語聯(lián)合復(fù)句8. Our men had gone quite a distance off before the enemys reinforcement troops came up.我們的隊(duì)伍已經(jīng)走得很遠(yuǎn)了，敵人的增援部隊(duì)才趕上來。英語主從復(fù)合句漢語聯(lián)合復(fù)句9. This place is really beautiful, and many people bring their wives and families out here to live. 這地方實(shí)在漂亮，所以許多人都把他們的家小搬來居住。英語并列句

5、漢語偏正復(fù)合句10. Grasp all, lose all.如果你樣樣都抓，就會(huì)一樣也抓不到手。英語并列句漢語偏正復(fù)合句11. Here ends the diary of Dr. Smith.史密斯醫(yī)生的日記寫到這里就結(jié)束了。英語倒裝句漢語正裝句12. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.當(dāng)時(shí)我確實(shí)不太懂得戰(zhàn)爭的意義以及戰(zhàn)爭實(shí)際上是怎么回事。13. Here at last seemed credible history of the difficult advance of man. 人

6、類艱苦前進(jìn)的歷史終于在這里看來是能夠令人置信的了。英語倒裝句漢語正裝句14. Kissinger was so devastated by Rockefellers defeat that, according to one account, he wept.基辛格為洛克菲勒的失敗傷心透了，有人說他哭了。passive voice active voice15. But someone who has been out there in the floodlights as often as he has can not remain wholly undecipherable. 但是，象他這

7、樣一個(gè)經(jīng)常拋頭露面的人是不可能一點(diǎn)不被人識破的。passive voice active voice句序1. Nothing has happened since we parted. 我們分別之后，一直沒有發(fā)生什么事情。漢語通常先發(fā)生的事先表達(dá)，后發(fā)生的事后表達(dá)2. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in he Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been

8、 engaged in in the South.他本來在南方從事一項(xiàng)建筑工程；任務(wù)完成之后，他就上佐治亞去度假，享受高加索的陽光，昨天才坐飛機(jī)回來。3. He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.4. He would be a rash man if he should vernture to forecast the results of this event.如果有人敢于預(yù)言此事的結(jié)果，那他一定是個(gè)魯莽之徒。5. We worked fast and well, so that we overfulfilled our pr

9、oduction plan.我們工作得又快又好，超額完成了生產(chǎn)方案。 Other Strategies1. I just hate everybody. No, not you, Jack, but everybody else. 我就是恨所有得人。不，不是你， 杰克， 我恨其他所有的人。(amplification)2. The marchers every short while shouted slogans about the strike, but she didnt join in. 游行的人群每隔一會(huì)兒就喊罷工口號，但是她沒有跟著喊。3. Histories make men w

10、ise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻倫理使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。 amplification4. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確。amplication5. Theory is s

11、omething but practice is everything.理論固然重要，實(shí)踐尤其重要。6.虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.7. 小不忍那么亂打謀。If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.8. 三個(gè)丑皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhug

12、e Liang the master mind.9.班門弄斧。Showing off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. Another Strategy1. Now we have solved the problem and have arrived at the same conclusion as they arrived at.現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)解決了這個(gè)問題，并且得出了和他們相同的結(jié)論。omission2. He realized the “subtlety of Chinas message

13、s, the gap between her hot rhetoric and her cool action.他領(lǐng)會(huì)了中國信息的“微妙之處：言辭劇烈，但行動(dòng)沉著。omission3.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.這些開展中國家地大物博，人口眾多。4. When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark i

14、n the south there is still light in the north.東方不亮西方亮， 黑了南方有北方。5. If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸進(jìn)尺。Conversion1. Mary was English and French teacher for two years at the Jewish school.瑪麗在那所猶太學(xué)校里教過兩年英文和法文。(changing the part of speech)2. Parents love of children is perfect and minute.父

15、母愛子女無微不至。3. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.它們之間一直有著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。4. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.我們反對一切戰(zhàn)爭，特別是反對王朝戰(zhàn)爭。5. 語言這個(gè)東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的，非下苦功不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 6. 少說空話，多做工作。There must be less

16、 empty talk and more hard work. Negation1. It serves litle purpose to have continued public discussion of this issue. 繼續(xù)公開討論這個(gè)問題是不會(huì)又什么益處的。(negation)2. John got the message. He knew it wasnt going to be easy; but unlike many of his peers, he was not in awe of George. Actually, he couldnt wait to meet

17、 him.約翰聽到了這個(gè)消息。他知道這場比賽是會(huì)艱苦的，但他不像他的許多伙伴那樣，他對喬治不存畏懼之心。說實(shí)在的，他倒急于向他迎戰(zhàn)。(negation)3. 干這事我力不勝任。To do this is beyong my ability. 4. 那家伙很不老實(shí)。That fellow is far from being honest. 5. All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.捧你的人并非都是你忠實(shí)朋友。6. Both children are not clever.并非兩個(gè)孩子都聰明。Division1. She h

18、as such a kindly, smiling, tender, gently, generous heart of her own.她心地厚道、性格溫柔可疼，氣量又大，為人又樂觀。2. They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他們企圖撲滅對抗，結(jié)果對抗愈來愈猛，普及全國。3. The Peoples Republic of China must be created by the blood and the work of all of u

19、s who believe in the future; who believe in man and his glorious man-made destiny.偉大的中華人民共和國必須用我們大家的鮮血和工作來締造。我們這些人相信未來，相信人們，相信人們能夠掌握自己的命運(yùn)光輝燦爛的命運(yùn)。4. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labour, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with

20、 their wives and children, were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive.于是，就出現(xiàn)了這樣的情況，正當(dāng)新辦的工廠紛紛成立、需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力的時(shí)候，成千上萬無家可歸、饑腸轆轆的從事農(nóng)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)者，攜妻帶兒，被迫流入城市；他們要找活干，不管什么活兒，不講什么條件，只要不讓他們餓死就行。5. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic natu

21、re, so Marx discovered the law of development of human hsitory: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowthe of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.;that therefore the production of the im

22、mediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the sate institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, an

23、d in theLight of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. (126 words)正像達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)有機(jī)界的開展規(guī)律一樣，馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類歷史的開展規(guī)律，即歷來為繁茂蕪雜的意識形態(tài)所掩蓋的一個(gè)簡單事實(shí)：人們首先必須吃、喝、住、穿、然后才能從事政治、科學(xué)、藝術(shù)、宗教等等；所以，直接的物質(zhì)的生活資料的生產(chǎn)，因而一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)時(shí)代的一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)開展階段，便構(gòu)成為根底，人們的國家制度、法的觀點(diǎn)、藝術(shù)以至宗教觀念，就是從這個(gè)根底上開展起來的，因而

24、，也必須由這個(gè)根底來解釋，而不是像過去那樣做得相反。(?在馬克思墓前的講話?)無主句弄得不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。If things are not properly handled, our labour will be totally lost.知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 不經(jīng)一事，不長一智。You cant gain knowledge without practice. Wisdom comes from ex

25、perience. 中國的主要人口是農(nóng)民，革命靠了農(nóng)民的援助才取得了勝利，國家工業(yè)化又要靠農(nóng)民的援助才能成功，所以工人階級應(yīng)當(dāng)積極地幫助農(nóng)民進(jìn)行土地改革，城市小資產(chǎn)階級和民族資產(chǎn)階級也應(yīng)當(dāng)贊助這種改革，各民主黨派各人民團(tuán)體更應(yīng)當(dāng)采取這種態(tài)度。The peasants form the bulk of Chinas population. It was with their help that victory was won in the revolution, and it is again their help that will make the industrialization of

26、the country possible.Therefore, the working class should actively help the peasants carry out the agarian reform, the urban petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie should also give their support, and still more so should all the democratic parties and peoples organization.我們的一般企業(yè)很少注意經(jīng)濟(jì)效果，廣泛存在著勞動(dòng)無定員、生產(chǎn)無定額、質(zhì)量無檢查、本錢無核算的現(xiàn)象，在人力、物力、財(cái)力上造成很多浪費(fèi)。Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic result, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of produ